What does autonomy provide individuals in terms of decision-making?
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The freedom to make decisions about oneself.
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What does autonomy provide individuals in terms of decision-making?
The freedom to make decisions about oneself.
How can expressing thanks impact relationships?
It can strengthen bonds and foster goodwill.
What is the right to appropriate medical care and humane treatment?
Patients have the right to receive appropriate medical care and be treated with respect and dignity.
How does confidentiality protect patients?
By allowing them to control information about themselves.
Why is confidentiality particularly important in healthcare?
Because of the sensitive and personal nature of the information acquired by medical practitioners.
When is it acceptable to use patient identifiable information?
Only when absolutely necessary.
What is the guideline regarding the amount of patient identifiable information used?
Use the minimum necessary patient identifiable information.
What would happen if the confidentiality of patient information is not protected?
Trust in the physician-patient relationship would be diminished.
Why is patient privacy important?
It fosters trust between patients and healthcare providers.
Why is confidentiality important?
It protects individuals' privacy and builds trust in professional relationships.
What can happen if patient privacy is violated?
It can lead to legal consequences and loss of patient trust.
What does the right to appropriate care entail?
The right to have access to appropriate care.
What is proxy consent?
Proxy consent is the permission given by a legally accepted representative on behalf of a patient who is unable to provide consent themselves.
What is a Living Will?
A written document outlining a person's wishes for medical care in case they can't make decisions themselves in the future.
What are the three categories of rights included in patients' rights statements?
Civil rights, legal rights, and moral rights.
What right does a legally incompetent patient have regarding information disclosure?
The right to forbid disclosure of information to their legally entitled representative.
What must be disclosed to the patient for informed consent?
The nature and goal of the procedure, possible effects, risks, benefits, and available medical options.
What is confidentiality in healthcare?
The ethical principle that ensures patient information is kept private and not disclosed without consent.
What does autonomy refer to in a healthcare context?
A person's ability to make or exercise self-determining choices.
What is the purpose of expressing gratitude?
To acknowledge someone's help or kindness.
What is a key aspect of the patient's right to care?
The right to quality care.
What does the right to refuse participation in medical research mean?
Patients can decline to participate in any medical research or trials.
What is the purpose of the Patient's Bill of Rights?
To contribute to more effective patient care.
Who can act as a legally accepted representative for proxy consent?
A legally accepted representative can be a family member, guardian, or someone designated by the patient.
What is the role of an individual authorized under applicable law in proxy consent?
To represent the interest of an individual and provide consent on their behalf.
What does the right to leave refer to?
Patients have the right to leave the healthcare facility at any time.
What should be avoided in patient information unless essential?
Patient identifiable information.
What does the obligation of confidentiality prohibit?
Disclosing information about the patient's case without permission.
What does confidentiality encourage health care providers to do?
Take precautions to ensure only authorized access to patient information.
What principle should govern access to patient identifiable information?
Access should be on a strict need-to-know basis.
What is the origin of the word 'privacy'?
It comes from the Latin words 'privatus' and 'privo,' meaning 'to deprive of.'
What is the origin of the term 'autonomy'?
It comes from the Greek term autos meaning 'self' and nomos meaning 'rule' or 'law'.
What does the right to safe care ensure for patients?
The right to receive care that is safe.
What must be included in the informed consent process?
Information about the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives.
What is the right to privacy and confidentiality?
Patients have the right to have their personal health information kept private and confidential.
What is the right to correspondence and to receive visitors?
Patients have the right to communicate with others and receive visitors.
Who is responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality?
Healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, and administrative staff.
How does respecting patient privacy benefit the healthcare environment?
It creates a trusting environment that encourages patients to seek care and be honest.
What do patients' rights statements typically include?
A mixture of civil rights, legal rights, and moral rights.
Who is expected to support the Patient's Bill of Rights?
The hospital, its medical staff, employees, and patients.
What is one of the patient's rights regarding healthcare access?
The right to equal access to health care.
What is the physician's primary obligation towards unconscious patients?
To strive to save the life of the patient.
What is the right to religious belief in the context of the Patient's Bill of Rights?
Patients have the right to hold and practice their religious beliefs.
What happens if informed consent is not obtained?
It may lead to ethical and legal issues, including accusations of battery or negligence.
What does the right to medical records entail?
Patients have the right to access their medical records.
What does the right to choose a health care provider and facility mean?
Patients have the right to select their health care provider and the facility where they receive care.
What should be ensured for those handling personally identifiable information?
They should be aware of their responsibilities and obligations to respect patient and client confidentiality.
Who should be aware of their responsibilities regarding patient identifiable information?
Everyone with access to patient identifiable information.
What is required of the delegate in a delegation scenario?
The delegate must be a mentally capable and legally allowed adult.
Why is it important to clarify patients' rights?
To understand the different types of rights involved: civil, legal, and moral.
What is required for a legally incompetent patient to give consent?
The consent of a legally entitled representative is required.
What must be obtained for unconscious patients regarding informed consent?
Consent must be obtained from a legally entitled representative whenever possible.
Why is informed consent considered ethical in nursing?
It respects patient autonomy and promotes informed decision-making.
What does the right to informed consent entail?
Patients have the right to be informed about their treatment options and to give consent before any medical procedure.
Who can give proxy consent?
People with the legal right to consent for themselves or for a minor.
In what context is proxy consent often used?
In clinical tests for prospective subjects.
What is the right to self-determination?
Patients have the right to make decisions about their own health care and treatment.
What is the principle regarding access to patient identifiable information?
It should be on a strict need-to-know basis.
What could happen if patient information is not kept confidential?
It could be used in damaging ways.
What are some exceptions to confidentiality?
Situations involving risk of harm to self or others, legal requirements, or public health concerns.
What is essential for maintaining trust in the physician-patient relationship?
Protection of patient confidentiality.
What should be respected if a legally incompetent patient can make rational choices?
Their decisions must be respected.
What must be conformed to when carrying out procedures against a patient's will?
The principles of medical ethics.
What is proxy consent?
The process by which individuals with the legal right to consent delegate that right to another person.
What should be considered at each stage of satisfying the purpose of patient information?
The need for patients to be identified.
When should patient identifiable information be used?
Only when absolutely necessary.
What is the principle of beneficence in healthcare?
The obligation to act in the best interest of the patient.
What is the purpose of a Living Will?
To pre-plan and communicate medical care wishes for situations where the individual cannot make decisions.
What is the principle regarding the amount of identifiable information used?
Use the minimum necessary patient-identifiable information.
What are the aspects encompassed by patient privacy?
Personal space (physical privacy), personal data (informational privacy), personal choices (decisional privacy), and personal relationships (associational privacy).
How is justice defined in healthcare?
As a form of fairness.
What is informed consent?
The patient's deliberate and voluntary acceptance of a health care procedure after sufficient disclosure of its nature, goals, effects, risks, benefits, and available medical options.
Under what conditions can diagnostic procedures or treatments be carried out against a patient's will?
Only in exceptional cases, if specifically permitted by law and conforming to medical ethics.
What is informed consent in nursing?
A process ensuring that patients understand and agree to the treatment being proposed.
What is the primary goal of informed consent?
To assure patient autonomy.
What does the right to information include?
Patients have the right to receive accurate and understandable information about their health and treatment.
What is one of the core duties of medical practice?
Confidentiality.
What does the right to express grievances allow patients to do?
Patients can voice complaints or concerns regarding their care.
What is the obligation of individuals handling patient information?
To respect patient and client confidentiality.
What is the origin of the word 'Fidelity'?
Derived from the Latin word 'Fidelis', meaning faithful or loyal.
What are common methods to ensure privacy in healthcare settings?
Using secure systems for storing patient records and limiting access to authorized personnel.
What is informed consent?
The process of obtaining permission from a patient before conducting a healthcare intervention.
What is the principle of beneficence in healthcare?
The obligation to act in the best interest of the patient and promote their well-being.
How is Non-maleficence characterized in clinical practice?
It is constant in clinical practice.
Which act of beneficence involves understanding another's feelings?
Empathy.
Are clinicians required to provide interventions that are scarce resources?
No, clinicians are not required to act beneficently by providing interventions that are scarce resources, such as certain kinds of transplant surgeries.
What is the primary concern for Mrs. Johnson upon her hospital admission?
She is anxious about her condition and treatment.
What action does Dr. Smith take to demonstrate non-maleficence?
Consulting with the pharmacist to find a safer medication for Mrs. Johnson.
Which option best exemplifies non-maleficence in this case?
B) Consulting with the pharmacist to find a safer medication for Mrs. Johnson.
What does the Latin word 'non' mean?
'Not'.
What are the Latin roots of the word 'beneficence'?
From 'benefices', which comes from 'bene' (well/good) and 'facere' (to do).
What organization presents the Patient's Bill of Rights?
The American Hospital Association.
What document can indicate a patient's wish not to be resuscitated?
A prior explicit written document stating 'Do Not Resuscitate'.
What is required for procedures against a patient's will to be legally permissible?
Specific permission by law.
Who is responsible for obtaining informed consent?
The healthcare provider performing the procedure, often in collaboration with the nursing staff.
When is proxy consent typically used?
Proxy consent is used when a patient is incapacitated or unable to make informed decisions regarding their healthcare.
What is the primary purpose of proxy consent?
The primary purpose is to ensure that the patient's wishes and best interests are respected when they cannot communicate them.
What is a Power of Attorney for Medical Care?
It allows someone to name a trusted person to make medical decisions on their behalf if they become unable to do so temporarily.
What is the first principle of confidentiality?
Justify the Purpose(s).
Who should have access to patient identifiable information?
Only individuals who need it for their specific roles.
What may be necessary to manage access to patient information?
Introducing access controls or splitting information flows.
What is autonomy in healthcare?
The right of patients to make informed decisions about their own medical care.
What does splitting information flows mean?
Using one information flow for several purposes to manage access.
What should organizations handling patient information do?
Understand and comply with the law.
What is comparative justice?
A type of justice that involves comparing the fairness of different distributions of resources or benefits.
What does fidelity imply in the clinician-patient relationship?
Exhibiting faithfulness to commitments or obligations.
What does the nurse notice about the patient in the hospital setting?
The patient is anxious and scared about an upcoming procedure.
What is confidentiality in healthcare?
The ethical principle that ensures patient information is kept private and not disclosed without consent.
Why is confidentiality important in patient care?
It builds trust between patients and healthcare providers, encouraging patients to share sensitive information.
What is the third principle of confidentiality?
Use the Minimum Amount.
What event did the man attribute his condition to?
Attending a convention five days ago.
What is the principle of 'To each person an equal share'?
It advocates for equal distribution of resources among all individuals.
What does the sixth principle of confidentiality require?
Follow the Law.
Why is confidentiality important in patient care?
It builds trust between patients and healthcare providers, encouraging patients to share sensitive information.
What can happen if confidentiality is breached?
It can lead to loss of trust, legal consequences, and potential harm to the patient.
Why might someone create a Power of Attorney for Medical Care?
To ensure that a trusted person can make medical decisions if they become temporarily unable to do so.
Why do patients share personal information with healthcare providers?
To receive appropriate care and treatment.
What must individuals understand and comply with regarding patient information?
The law.
What does the root 'priv' signify?
It means 'an opportunity in one's favor.'
What does distributive justice in healthcare address?
The degree to which healthcare services are distributed equitably throughout society.
Why should every proposed use or transfer of patient identifiable information be clearly defined?
To ensure transparency and accountability in handling sensitive data.
What does confidentiality in medical practice entail?
The obligation to protect patient information from unauthorized disclosure.
What is the potential conflict faced by the doctor in this scenario?
Balancing the wife's concerns with the husband's right to confidentiality.
What action might a healthcare provider take if a medication has not been proven effective?
Refusing to give the medication to a patient.
What is an act of beneficence that involves providing care to others?
Care.
What does the fourth principle of confidentiality state?
Need-to-Know Basis.
What is the Latin maxim associated with the principle of non-maleficence?
Primum non nocere (first do no harm).
What financial information is often required?
Bank details.
What personal care issues might be documented?
Individual personal care issues.
What does the principle 'To each person according to free market exchange' entail?
Resources are allocated based on market transactions and exchanges.
What does the Latin word 'benefactum' mean?
Good deed.
What is the first fundamental constraint on delegation in healthcare?
The person giving permission must have the authority to delegate.
What does legal and medical competence refer to in the context of delegation?
The delegator must be mentally capable and legally allowed to make decisions about their own medical care.
What should everyone with access to patient identifiable information be aware of?
Their responsibilities.
What is the primary concern of privacy in healthcare?
Protecting patient information from unauthorized access.
What is considered confidential information?
Any information that an individual wishes not to make public.
Can you give examples of confidential information?
Information related to personal health, financial details, and personal identification.
What legal frameworks support patient privacy?
Laws such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) in the United States.
What is proxy consent?
Consent given by a designated individual on behalf of a patient who is unable to provide it themselves.
How does addressing a patient's anxiety and physical needs enhance care?
It enhances the patient's overall care and well-being.
What factors can lead to disparate treatment of patients?
Age, disability, gender, race, ethnicity, and religion.
What was the man's primary concern regarding his diagnosis?
He was afraid his wife might discover it.
Who presented the topic of non-maleficence?
Rosell B. Ortega.
What does the Latin word 'malos' relate to in the context of non-maleficence?
'Bad' or 'evil'.
What is included in the right to be informed of rights and obligations?
Patients should be informed about their rights and responsibilities as patients.
What must every use of patient identifiable information be?
Lawful.
What does 'Fidelity' signify in a broader context?
It signifies faithfulness or loyalty.
What is the definition of fidelity in healthcare?
An ethical principle implying loyalty and faithfulness to commitments or obligations between clinician and patient.
What is the nature of applying the principle of justice in healthcare?
It is seemingly simple in the abstract but complex in application.
What is an example of beneficence in healthcare?
Stopping a medication known to be harmful.
How can the principle of Beneficence be overridden?
By the patient's desire to follow her own value agenda and priorities, according to the principle of autonomy.
What does non-maleficence mean in healthcare?
The principle of not causing harm to patients.
What are some exceptions to patient confidentiality?
When there is a risk of harm to the patient or others, or when required by law.
How can healthcare providers ensure confidentiality?
By implementing secure systems for storing patient information and training staff on privacy policies.
What does non-maleficence mean in a healthcare context?
The principle of not causing harm to patients.
What is a key aspect of the client-provider relationship?
Maintaining trust and restoring client dignity.
What is the principle of beneficence?
To do good while preventing and avoiding harm.
What should be considered when using patient identifiable information?
Each individual item of information should be justified.
What does non-maleficence mean?
The principle of 'do no harm' to patients.
Who should be responsible for ensuring compliance with legal requirements in handling patient information?
Someone in each organization.
What is the principle of justice in healthcare?
The fair distribution of healthcare resources and treatment.
What is the first major point of Non-maleficence?
It acts as a threshold for treatment.
What does comparative justice in healthcare determine?
How healthcare is delivered at the individual level.
What is an example of an act of beneficence?
Compassion.
What is the focus of comparative justice in healthcare?
Ensuring fair treatment of patients regardless of personal characteristics.
What did the man request from the doctor regarding his condition?
Not to tell anyone, including his wife.
What side effect of the new medication poses a risk to Mrs. Johnson?
Dizziness, which could increase her risk of falling.
How does non-maleficence relate to informed consent?
Patients must be informed of potential harms to make safe decisions about their care.
What does 'To each person according to need' imply?
Resources are distributed based on individual needs.
What condition does Mrs. Johnson have?
Arthritis.
What does 'To each person according to merit' refer to?
Distribution is based on the merits or qualifications of individuals.
Why is it important to limit patient identifiable information?
To ensure that only necessary information is transferred or accessible for a given function.
What is the wife's concern regarding her husband?
She is worried why her husband does not want to make love with her.
What ethical principle is at stake when considering whether to confide in the wife?
The Principle of Confidentiality.
How does beneficence relate to patient care?
It emphasizes the importance of providing positive benefits and preventing harm to patients.
What is the importance of scrutinizing the transfer of patient identifiable information?
To protect patient privacy and ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards.
What is the first principle of confidentiality?
Justify the Purpose.
What does the second principle of confidentiality emphasize?
Only Use It When Necessary.
Why is non-maleficence important in patient care?
It ensures that healthcare providers prioritize patient safety and well-being.
What personal information is typically collected for an individual?
Name, date of birth, age, sex, and address.
What type of contact details are important for family or guardians?
Current contact details.
What does the principle 'To each person according to effort' suggest?
Distribution of resources is based on the effort put in by individuals.
What does the Latin word 'faceo' mean?
'Do' or 'make'.
What type of evaluations are conducted to assess patient needs?
Assessments or reports.
What is distributive justice?
A type of justice that focuses on the fair allocation of resources and benefits among individuals in a society.
How does privacy reinforce confidence in healthcare?
It emphasizes the importance of respect for patient autonomy.
Who presented the topic of beneficence?
Rosell B. Ortega.
What should happen to the proposed uses of patient identifiable information over time?
They should be regularly reviewed to ensure they remain justified.
What action does the nurse take to address the patient's anxiety?
The nurse takes extra time to explain the procedure in detail.
When are clinicians not acting beneficently?
When pursuing a course of treatment that is futile or where the burdens disproportionately outweigh the benefits for the patient.
What act of beneficence reflects feelings of sorrow for someone else's misfortune?
Sympathy.
What symptom did the man report to the physician?
Difficulty in urinating.
Which action did Nurse Sarah take to support Mrs. Johnson?
She explained treatment options, reassured her, and arranged for a physical therapist.
Which action best demonstrates beneficence in Mrs. Johnson's care?
B) Explaining treatment and arranging additional support.
What does the principle of non-maleficence affirm the need for?
Medical competence.
What is the duty of healthcare providers regarding harm?
To prevent or avoid harm, whether intentional or unintentional.
What documents outline a patient's care strategy?
Individual personal plans.
According to Beauchamp & Childress, what is the goal of beneficence?
To best contribute to the welfare and well-being of others.
Why is privacy important in healthcare?
It provides a secure environment for patients, allowing them to receive medical care and provide complete and accurate information.
What does explaining treatment and arranging additional support demonstrate in healthcare?
Beneficence by addressing both the patient's anxiety and physical needs.
What should a doctor consider before disclosing a patient's condition to a family member?
The obligation to maintain patient confidentiality.
What is fidelity in patient care?
The commitment to keep promises and uphold trust in the patient-provider relationship.
What is the scenario involving Dr. Smith and Mrs. Johnson about?
It involves prescribing a new antihypertensive medication while considering the risk of falls due to dizziness.
What is one of the treatment options Nurse Sarah provided to Mrs. Johnson?
Arranging for a physical therapist to help with exercises.
What type of health information is crucial for patient care?
Medical history or records.
Does the duty to avoid harm mean eliminating all harm?
No, it means avoiding harm unless the action promises a greater good.
What does acting with beneficence involve?
Benefiting others while promoting their welfare and safety.
What is the role of an appropriate guardian in the context of patient information?
To scrutinize and regularly review the continuing uses of patient identifiable information.
What condition was the 30-year-old man diagnosed with?
Gonorrhea.
What can happen if patient confidentiality is breached?
It can lead to legal consequences, loss of trust, and potential harm to the patient.
What principle emphasizes the obligation not to inflict harm on others?
The principle of non-maleficence.
What is the fifth principle of confidentiality?
Know Your Responsibilities.
What does consulting with a pharmacist to find a safer medication demonstrate?
Non-maleficence by actively seeking to minimize the risk of harm associated with the new medication.
How does the nurse help the patient feel more comfortable?
By answering the patient’s questions and offering reassurance.
Which act of beneficence signifies a bond of support and trust?
Friendship.
What act of beneficence involves showing kindness and forgiveness?
Mercy.
What is meant by 'To each person according to contribution'?
Resources are allocated based on the contributions made by individuals.
What records are maintained to track patient progress?
Service records and file progress notes.
What does the principle of beneficence prescribe?
'Above all, do good'; it entails a positive obligation to act for the benefit of others.
