p.14
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
Who conducted research related to cornectomy and tooth resorption?
Gorrel (2015), DuPont (2002, 1995).
p.5
Preventive Dental Care for Pets
What are some recommendations for maintaining oral health in pets?
Toothpastes, chewing, diets, chews and edible treats, toys, oral rinses, sprays, gels, water additives, wipes for teeth, and dental sealants.
p.11
Importance of Dental Radiographs
What is a key factor in diagnosing tooth resorption?
X-ray guided examination.
p.14
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What is recommended after a cornectomy?
A radiographic re-check in 12 months.
p.5
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What is the recommended treatment for periodontal pockets less than 4-5 mm in dogs and 1-2 mm in cats?
Closed periodontal therapy including subgingival scaling, root planing, gingival curettage, and lavage.
p.5
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What is the threshold for open periodontal therapy in dogs and cats?
Periodontal pockets greater than 4-5 mm in dogs and 1-2 mm in cats.
p.11
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What is a common cause of physiologic tooth resorption?
Exfoliation of deciduous teeth.
p.5
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What is guided tissue regeneration in periodontal therapy?
A technique that uses biologic mediators to promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues.
p.4
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
What factors should be considered in cases of early and moderate periodontitis (PD2, PD3)?
Severity and extent of the disease, strategic teeth involved, duration of the disease, rapid onset, active disease, underlying diseases, age of the patient, anatomic predisposition, crowding and rotation, surgeon’s equipment and skills, and client’s dedication to oral home care.
p.3
Stages of Periodontal Disease
What defines Stage 2 (PD2) of periodontal disease?
Early periodontitis; less than 25% attachment loss (AL), F1.
p.11
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
Can endodontic treatments fail?
Yes, endodontic treatments can fail.
p.4
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
Why is the age of the patient important in periodontal disease management?
Age can influence the severity and progression of the disease.
p.1
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
How much more likely are extra-small breeds of dogs to be diagnosed with periodontal disease compared to giant breeds?
Up to five times more likely.
p.6
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What is the thickness of enamel in dogs and cats?
Dog: 0.5 - 1 mm, Cat: 0.2 mm.
p.12
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What is needed to determine the stage and type of dental issues?
Dental charting and dental radiographs.
p.8
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What symptoms indicate allergies in pets?
Sneezing and nasal discharge.
p.7
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What are some extraoral clinical signs of endodontic disease?
Oral malodor, swelling, draining tract, chronic rhinitis, fracture.
p.7
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What behavioral changes might indicate pain in endodontic disease?
Many different expressions and behavioral changes.
p.6
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What is the role of the dentin-pulp complex?
It is connected with the periodontal ligament (PDL) via apical opening/apical delta and lateral canals.
p.4
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What is the indication for extraction in advanced periodontitis (PD4)?
Advanced periodontitis (PD4) is still an indication for extraction.
p.10
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What is a vital pulpectomy?
A dental procedure that involves removing the pulp from a tooth while preserving its vitality.
p.2
Plaque-Induced Dental Disorders
What is gingivitis and how can it be treated?
Gingivitis is an inflammatory condition that may persist for years but is completely reversible with the removal of plaque-bacteria.
p.1
Periodontal Disease Overview
What is periodontal homeostasis?
A clinically healthy periodontium that is not free of inflammation but maintains a homeostatic inflammatory state.
p.13
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What procedure may be performed for TR Type 2?
Coronectomy may be performed.
p.2
Stages of Periodontal Disease
Is periodontitis fully reversible?
No, it is only partially reversible.
p.1
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
Which dog breeds are more prevalent for periodontal disease?
Small breed and brachycephalic dogs.
p.6
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
Does enamel have reparative potential?
No, it has no reparative potential.
p.8
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What symptoms are associated with respiratory disease?
Sneezing and nasal discharge.
p.12
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What is the strong association between TR type 1 and periodontal disease?
72% of TR type 1 cases are associated with periodontal disease.
p.8
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What are signs of digestive or systemic disease in pets?
Reluctance to eat and halitosis with uremia.
p.13
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What is the treatment recommendation for TR Stage 5?
May not require treatment; conservative management and monitoring may be sufficient.
p.4
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What does rapid onset of periodontitis indicate?
It indicates a poorer prognosis.
p.3
Stages of Periodontal Disease
What is the attachment loss percentage in Stage 3 (PD3) of periodontal disease?
25% to 50% attachment loss (AL), F2.
p.3
Stages of Periodontal Disease
What characterizes Stage 4 (PD4) of periodontal disease?
Advanced periodontitis; more than 50% attachment loss (AL), F3.
p.4
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
How does crowding and rotation affect periodontal disease management?
It makes management of the disease more difficult.
p.3
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What is the purpose of professional dental cleaning?
It is performed as treatment for gingivitis or as preparation for other periodontal or dental treatments or oral surgery.
p.2
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
What are some microbial aspects involved in periodontitis?
Bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and fungi.
p.7
Plaque-Induced Dental Disorders
When is attrition considered abnormal?
If it is due to malocclusion.
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What are mandatory for diagnosing endodontic disease?
Dental charting and dental radiographs.
p.7
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What is a periapical lesion?
An ongoing inflammation/infection attempt by the body to limit bacterial invasion.
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What is the advantage of CT or CBCT in diagnosing endodontic lesions?
Higher frequency of detection of endodontic lesions in maxillary teeth.
p.7
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What are some intraoral clinical signs of endodontic disease?
Missing crown, exposed pulp, mobile tooth, discolored tooth, swelling, draining tract.
p.14
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
Does tooth resorption affect only cats?
No, tooth resorption affects dogs, too.
p.11
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What is tooth resorption (TR)?
Loss of tooth substance due to odontoclastic activity.
p.11
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
What are the two types of tooth resorption?
Physiologic (exfoliation of deciduous teeth) and pathologic (external vs. internal).
p.1
Periodontal Disease Overview
What components make up the periodontium?
Gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and bone.
p.12
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
Is TR type 2 truly idiopathic?
It is questioned whether TR type 2 is truly idiopathic.
p.1
Periodontal Disease Overview
What is the significance of normal innate immune function in periodontal health?
It is of utmost importance for maintaining periodontal homeostasis.
p.2
Stages of Periodontal Disease
What are the four periodontal tissues affected by periodontitis?
Gingiva, cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament.
p.2
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
What factors contribute to the multifactorial nature of periodontitis?
Microbial aspects, host factors, and environmental factors.
p.7
Plaque-Induced Dental Disorders
What is a consequence of abnormal attrition?
Pathological wear of dental substance through an abnormal mechanical process.
p.12
Tooth Resorption Types and Management
Which type of tooth resorption is slightly more common?
TR type 2 (60.0%) compared to type 1 (40.0%).
p.10
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What are the advantages of vital pulpectomy and root canal treatment?
Efficient procedure, highly successful if properly performed, less invasive than extraction, preserves tooth function, and is more esthetically pleasing.
p.10
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What should be considered if treatment is not successful long-term?
Referral to a specialist.
p.3
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What types of cleaning are included in professional dental cleaning?
Supra- and subgingival cleaning.
p.7
Plaque-Induced Dental Disorders
What is attrition in dental terms?
Wear of dental substance due to occlusal contact and mastication.
p.3
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What is the significance of diagnosing ONF?
It is crucial for identifying periodontal-endodontic disease and pathologic fractures.
p.1
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
Which size categories of dogs are most frequently diagnosed with periodontal disease?
Extra-small, small (6.5-9 kg), and medium-small (9-15 kg) breed size categories.
p.2
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
What environmental factors can affect periodontal health?
Oral care, medications, diet, nutrients, and geographical location.
p.7
Plaque-Induced Dental Disorders
What can occur on the worn surface due to attrition?
Tertiary dentin formation.
p.7
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
How often may pulpitis go unnoticed in cats?
In 54.5% of cases within 90 days post pulp exposure.
p.7
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What is apical periodontitis?
Spread of infection through the apical delta leading to inflammation.
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What is the reliability of Electric Pulp Test (EPT) in evaluating pulpal health?
Highly reliable diagnostic test.
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What is the least reliable pulp test?
Tooth Transillumination (TTI).
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What condition makes the Cold Pulp Test (CPT) accurate?
The patient's responsiveness to stimulation applied to its control healthy teeth.
p.10
Treatment Options for Periodontal Disease
What are the disadvantages of vital pulpectomy and root canal treatment?
Requires follow-ups with radiographs under general anesthesia, usually higher costs compared to extraction, and inability to detect post-endodontic-treatment pain in animals.
p.3
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What is combined vertical and horizontal bone loss associated with?
It is related to periodontal disease and can lead to complications.
p.2
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Pets
What host factors can influence periodontal disease?
Breed, age, systemic health, and genetics.
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What radiographic sign suggests a chronic periapical abscess?
Ill-defined periapical lesion.
p.7
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
How quickly can acute apical periodontitis develop in cats?
Within 30 days of pulp exposure.
p.2
Diagnosis and Clinical Signs of Periodontal Disease
What is necessary for a detailed examination of advanced periodontal disease?
Support clinical findings with dental X-ray.
p.7
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What causes pulpitis?
Bacterial invasion and obliteration of blood vessels from swelling.
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
What indicates condensing osteitis?
A band of radiopaque sclerotic bone surrounding a radiolucent area.
p.9
Endodontic Disease in Dogs and Cats
When is treatment needed for fractured teeth?
All fractured teeth with exposed pulp or radiographic signs of endodontic disease.
