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Diagnostic Criteria and Classification
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What is the topic of the provided image?
Diagnostic Criteria and Classification
What is the topic of the provided image?
Intellectual Disability
What does DSM-V stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
What term does DSM-5 use to replace 'mental retardation'?
Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder).
Which organization published the DSM-V?
American Psychiatric Association (APA).
What does DD/ID stand for?
Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability.
In which edition of the DSM was 'mental retardation' replaced by 'intellectual disability'?
DSM-5.
What category of disorders does Intellectual Disability fall under in DSM-V?
Neurodevelopmental disorders.
What is the primary focus of assessing DD/ID?
To identify developmental delays and intellectual disabilities in individuals.
What is the ICD-11 code for Disorder of intellectual development?
6A00
What is the DSM-V code for Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)?
What is the DSM-V code for Global Developmental Delay?
315.8
What does general mental capacity include in the context of intellectual functioning?
Learning, reasoning, and problem solving.
What is the prevalence rate of developmental disorders in children according to global statistics?
About 5 to 16%.
What is the ICD-11 code for Developmental speech or language disorders?
6A01
What is the DSM-V code for Global Developmental Delay?
315.8.
What is the focus of the video linked in the image?
Intellectual and Adaptive Function
For which age group is the diagnosis of Global Developmental Delay reserved?
Individuals under the age of 5 years.
What IQ test score range indicates a limitation in intellectual functioning?
An IQ test score of around 70 or as high as 75.
What is the focus of the video titled 'Intellectual and Adaptive Function'?
The video focuses on intellectual and adaptive functioning.
What are the two main components of functioning discussed in the context of developmental delay and intellectual disability?
Intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning.
What does the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) assess?
Different aspects of intelligence.
What is the ICD-11 code for Developmental learning disorder?
6A03
Why might the clinical severity level of Global Developmental Delay not be reliably assessed during early childhood?
Because the individual is too young to participate in standardized testing.
What is the estimated number of persons with intellectual disability in Hong Kong?
71,000 to 101,000.
For which age group is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) designed?
Children between the ages of 6 to 16.
What is the ICD-11 code for Developmental motor coordination disorder?
6A04
What criteria must be met for a diagnosis of Global Developmental Delay?
The individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning.
What is the prevalence rate of intellectual disability in Hong Kong?
1.0% to 1.4%.
What does GDD stand for?
Global Developmental Delay.
What is required after a period of time for individuals diagnosed with Global Developmental Delay?
Reassessment.
What percentage of the school-age population in Hong Kong had intellectual disability according to the 2015/16 enrollment statistics?
0.8%.
What is the ICD-11 code for mild disorder of intellectual development?
6A00.0
What are the components of conceptual skills in adaptive behavior for individuals with intellectual disability?
Language and literacy; money, time, and number concepts; and self-direction.
What does 'DD' stand for in the context of services in Hong Kong?
Developmental Delay.
What is the criterion for a significant delay in GDD?
At least 2 standard deviations below the mean with standardized tests.
Why should people with intellectual disabilities be treated with respect?
Because they have their feelings, strengths, and weaknesses, and are equal members of society who enjoy equal opportunities and rights.
How is intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior characterized in mild disorder of intellectual development?
Significantly below average, approximately two to three standard deviations below the mean.
What are the components of social skills in adaptive behavior for individuals with intellectual disability?
Interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, naïveté (wariness), social problem solving, and the ability to follow rules/obey laws and to avoid being victimized.
What is developmental delay?
Developmental delay refers to when a child does not reach their developmental milestones at the expected times.
What type of services are provided for people with DD in Hong Kong?
Services for people with Developmental Delay.
How many developmental domains must show significant delay for a GDD diagnosis?
At least two developmental domains.
What should we appreciate about people with intellectual disabilities?
Their achievements, with realistic expectations.
What are the components of practical skills in adaptive behavior for individuals with intellectual disability?
Activities of daily living (personal care), occupational skills, healthcare, travel/transportation, schedules/routines, safety, use of money, use of the telephone.
What difficulties do individuals with mild disorder of intellectual development exhibit?
Difficulties in the acquisition and comprehension of complex language concepts and academic skills.
What are some common areas affected by developmental delay?
Common areas include speech and language, motor skills, cognitive skills, and social and emotional development.
What is the ICD-11 code for a moderate disorder of intellectual development?
6A00.1
What are examples of intellectual functioning?
Learning, problem solving, and judgement.
What are the developmental domains considered for GDD diagnosis?
Gross or fine motor, speech/language, cognition, social/personal, and activities of daily living.
What does DD/ID stand for?
Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability.
Why is it important to accept the limitations of people with intellectual disabilities?
Because they take longer to adapt to new environments and face more challenges when learning new skills.
What basic skills do most individuals with mild disorder of intellectual development master?
Basic self-care, domestic, and practical activities.
What are the areas of deficits in adaptive functioning?
Communication, social skills, personal independence at home or in community settings, and school or work functioning.
What might be some causes of developmental delay?
Causes can include genetic disorders, complications during pregnancy or birth, environmental factors, and medical conditions.
What is the ICD-11 code for severe disorder of intellectual development?
6A00.2
How is intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior characterized in a moderate disorder of intellectual development?
Significantly below average, approximately three to four standard deviations below the mean.
For which age group is the Global Developmental Delay diagnosis set aside?
Children under the age of 5.
What activities are included in adaptive functioning?
Activities of daily life such as communication and independent living.
Which age group is the diagnosis of GDD reserved for?
Children under 5 years old.
What is a key focus in supporting individuals with DD/ID?
Providing tailored support strategies to meet their unique needs.
How should tasks be managed for people with intellectual disabilities?
Allow them to finish their tasks at their own pace.
What level of independence can individuals with mild disorder of intellectual development generally achieve?
Relatively independent living and employment as adults, but may require appropriate support.
Which area of adaptive functioning involves the ability to interact effectively with others?
Social skills.
How is developmental delay diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves developmental screenings and assessments by healthcare professionals.
How is intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior characterized in severe disorder of intellectual development?
Significantly below average, approximately four or more standard deviations below the mean.
What is the general capacity for language and academic skills in individuals with a moderate disorder of intellectual development?
Generally limited to basic skills.
Why is the Global Developmental Delay diagnosis set aside for children under 5?
Because clinical severity cannot be consistently evaluated during early childhood.
Name two developmental domains that can be affected in GDD.
Gross or fine motor and speech/language.
Why is it important to provide support for people with DD/ID?
To enhance their quality of life and help them achieve their full potential.
What are the key components of diagnostic criteria and classification for DD/ID?
The key components include specific criteria for diagnosis and the classification of different types of developmental delays and intellectual disabilities.
What does personal independence in adaptive functioning refer to?
Personal independence at home or in community settings.
What are the language and academic skill capabilities in individuals with severe disorder of intellectual development?
Very limited language and capacity for acquisition of academic skills.
What does OT stand for in the context of pre-school settings?
Occupational Therapy
What role does early intervention play in developmental delay?
Early intervention can help improve outcomes by providing support and therapies to address developmental challenges.
What does OT stand for in the context of services for individuals with DD/ID?
Occupational Therapy.
What types of activities might some individuals with a moderate disorder of intellectual development master?
Basic self-care, domestic, and practical activities.
What does the term 'developmental delay' or 'global development delay' refer to?
When a child takes longer to reach certain developmental milestones than other children their age.
What factors are considered in the causes, prevalence, and comorbidity of DD/ID?
Factors include genetic, environmental, and prenatal influences, as well as the prevalence rates and common comorbid conditions associated with DD/ID.
Why is it important to encourage people with intellectual disabilities to lead more independent lives?
Being over-protective or ignoring their abilities will hinder their development.
What developmental domain includes skills like dressing and feeding oneself?
Activities of daily living.
Which area of adaptive functioning is related to performance in educational or occupational settings?
School or work functioning.
What type of support do individuals with severe disorder of intellectual development typically require?
Daily support in a supervised environment for adequate care.
What is the primary goal of OT in pre-school settings?
To support the development of fine motor skills, sensory processing, and social skills in young children.
What is the difference between developmental delay and intellectual disability?
Developmental delay refers to a lag in reaching developmental milestones, while intellectual disability involves limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Who can benefit from OT services in the context of DD/ID?
Adults and adolescents with developmental delay (DD) or intellectual disability (ID).
What level of support do most individuals with a moderate disorder of intellectual development require to achieve independent living and employment as adults?
Considerable and consistent support.
How is global developmental delay defined?
As a significant delay in two or more developmental domains.
What should you do to help people with intellectual disabilities integrate into society?
Be attentive and compliment them on proper behaviour; assist them to integrate into society.
What methods are used for the assessment of DD/ID?
Methods include standardized tests, observational assessments, and developmental screenings to diagnose developmental delays and intellectual disabilities.
What aspect of adaptive functioning involves the ability to convey and understand messages?
Communication.
Can individuals with severe disorder of intellectual development acquire basic self-care skills?
Yes, with intensive training.
How does OT help children in pre-school settings?
By providing activities and interventions that promote physical, cognitive, and social development.
What are the developmental domains in which significant delay can define global developmental delay?
Gross and fine motor, speech and language, cognition, personal and social development, or activities of daily living.
How can daily routines or special arrangements help in communicating with people with intellectual disabilities?
They can inspire them to speak by sharing their attention and interest, and talking about it with them.
What age range does the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) assess?
People between 4 and 21 years old.
How can job opportunities benefit people with intellectual disabilities?
With professional training, people with intellectual disabilities can become diligent employees who do not hop from job to job.
What is the difference between intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning?
Intellectual functioning refers to cognitive abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, and learning, while adaptive functioning involves practical, social, and conceptual skills needed for daily living.
What type of impairments are common in individuals with severe disorder of intellectual development?
Motor impairments.
What are the key areas of focus for occupational therapy in school-age settings?
Writing and reading skills, ADL skills, and social skills.
What are some common interventions used by OTs in pre-school settings?
Play-based activities, sensory integration techniques, and fine motor skill exercises.
What does the Visual Spatial Index in the WISC reflect?
The ability to understand visual details and relationships in order to solve puzzles and construct geometric designs.
Why is it important to use simple speech when communicating with people with intellectual disabilities?
Because they may feel confused by complicated messages and over questioning at the same time.
What areas of adaptive behavior does the DABS assess?
Conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.
What types of support are available for people with DD/ID?
Support includes educational programs, therapeutic interventions, social services, and community resources designed to assist individuals with DD/ID in achieving their full potential.
What skills are targeted by occupational therapy to support academic performance in school-age children?
Writing and reading skills.
Why is early intervention important in pre-school settings?
Early intervention can help address developmental delays and improve long-term outcomes for children.
What ability does the Fluid Reasoning Index in the WISC measure?
The ability to detect relationships among visual objects.
What are some tools that can be used to facilitate communication with people with intellectual disabilities?
Tools like PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System), communication books and boards, speech synthesizers, and computer-assisted technology.
What is intellectual disability characterized by?
Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
What is the focus of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS)?
What the individual actually does in daily life.
What is the first criterion for the DSM-5 diagnosis of Intellectual Disability (ID)?
Deficits in intellectual functioning, including reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, confirmed by clinical evaluation and individualized standard IQ testing.
What are the key areas of OT training for adults and adolescents with DD/ID?
Vocational skills, IADL skills, Social skills, Community living skills.
What is the role of occupational therapy (OT) in DD/ID?
The role of OT in DD/ID includes helping individuals develop daily living skills, improving motor and cognitive functions, and enhancing social and adaptive behaviors.
What does ADL stand for in the context of occupational therapy?
Activities of Daily Living.
What is the most commonly used adult IQ test for measuring intelligence?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
What is the purpose of sensory evaluation in diagnostic assessment?
To assess sensory processing and integration.
What areas does adaptive behavior cover?
Many everyday social and practical skills.
What does the Working Memory Index in the WISC reflect?
The ability to register, maintain, and manipulate visual and auditory information.
What areas of adaptive behavior does the Vineland-3 assess?
Communication, daily living skills, socialization, and motor skills.
What IQ score range is classified as 'Very Superior' according to the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third edition?
130 and above
What does IADL stand for in the context of OT training?
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.
What are common presenting features of developmental delay (DD) in pre-schoolers?
Delayed developmental milestones noted in different areas at the same time.
What is the second criterion for the DSM-5 diagnosis of Intellectual Disability (ID)?
Deficits in adaptive functioning that significantly hamper conforming to developmental and sociocultural standards for the individual's independence and ability to meet their social responsibility.
What is the ICD-11 code for profound disorder of intellectual development?
6A00.3
What is the name of the school associated with Caritas Jockey Club for OT in school-age settings?
Lok Yan School
What are the two main components of intellectual and adaptive function?
Intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Why are social skills important in occupational therapy for school-age children?
Social skills are important for effective interaction and communication with peers and adults.
What does the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) in the WAIS assess?
Block design, matrix reasoning, visual puzzles, and picture completion
What are the intrinsic prenatal causes of developmental delay and intellectual disability?
Genetic factors, central nervous system malformations, and metabolic issues.
What does chromosome microarray measure?
The expression of multiple genes simultaneously.
What does the Processing Speed Index in the WISC measure?
The speed at which a child can accurately make decisions.
What are some areas affected by deficits in intellectual functioning?
Reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and experiential learning.
What is the purpose of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS)?
To assess the presence of significant limitations in adaptive behavior.
At what age does intellectual disability originate?
Before the age of 18.
What are the key areas of focus for occupational therapy in pre-school settings?
Sensory, Motor, Cognition, Psychosocial, Play skills, Pre-writing, writing and reading skills, ADL skills.
What developmental milestone might be delayed at 6 months in a child with DD?
Head lag, no reaching out.
What does EDB stand for in the context of services for people with DD/ID in Hong Kong?
Education Bureau (HKSAR).
What IQ score range is classified as 'Superior'?
120-129
What is the third criterion for the DSM-5 diagnosis of Intellectual Disability (ID)?
The onset of these deficits during childhood.
Why are vocational skills important in OT training for individuals with DD/ID?
They help individuals gain employment and achieve financial independence.
How is intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior characterized in profound disorder of intellectual development?
Significantly below average, approximately four or more standard deviations below the mean.
智障學生在思維方面有什麼困難？
思維比較具體，抽象及邏輯思考力較弱。
What are prenatal encephalopathies of disruptive origin?
They are brain disorders that occur before birth due to disruptive factors.
What does intellectual functioning refer to?
It refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.
What is the website for Caritas Jockey Club Lok Yan School?
What are the extrinsic prenatal causes of developmental delay and intellectual disability?
Teratogens/toxins (such as drugs of abuse and medications) and infections.
What abilities does the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) evaluate?
Semantic knowledge, verbal comprehension, abstract verbal reasoning, and verbal expression
What is a karyotype?
A person's chromosomes isolated from an individual cell and arranged in numerical order.
What ability does the Verbal Comprehension Index in the WISC measure?
A child’s ability to verbally reason, which can be heavily influenced by their semantic knowledge.
What is affected by deficits in reasoning?
Intellectual functioning.
What is the purpose of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS)?
To assess the presence of significant limitations in adaptive behavior.
Which skills are targeted by occupational therapy to support early literacy in pre-school children?
Pre-writing, writing, and reading skills.
What are some common causes of developmental delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID)?
Genetic conditions, prenatal exposure to toxins, birth complications, and infections.
What developmental milestone might be delayed at 12 months in a child with DD?
Cannot stand with support, no pincer grasp.
What year is referenced for the services provided by the EDB for people with DD/ID in Hong Kong?
What IQ score range is classified as 'High Average'?
110-119
How do social skills training benefit individuals with DD/ID?
They improve interpersonal interactions and relationships.
Which school is associated with the Sam Shui Natives Association for OT in school-age settings?
Lau Pun Cheung School
智障學生在記憶力方面有什麼困難？
記憶力弱。
What are congenital infections?
Infections present at birth that can affect the development of the brain.
What is adaptive behavior?
Adaptive behavior is the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that people have learned to function in their everyday lives.
What are the communication abilities like in individuals with profound disorder of intellectual development?
Very limited communication abilities.
What are teratogens?
Substances that can cause developmental malformations, including drugs of abuse and certain medications.
What tasks are included in the Working Memory Index (WMI) of the WAIS?
Recalling a list of numbers in the order given (digit span) and a series of numbers and letters in order (letter-number sequencing)
What is the purpose of Fragile X DNA testing?
To diagnose Fragile X syndrome.
How does a deficit in problem solving impact intellectual functioning?
It impairs the ability to find solutions to problems.
What type of skills does occupational therapy aim to develop to enhance a child's ability to engage in daily activities?
ADL (Activities of Daily Living) skills.
What is the prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in the general population?
Approximately 1-3% of the general population.
What developmental milestone might be delayed at 18 months in a child with DD?
Cannot walk alone.
What type of education is highlighted on the EDB website for people with DD/ID?
Special Education.
What is the goal of community living skills training in OT for individuals with DD/ID?
To enable individuals to live independently and participate in community life.
What IQ score range is classified as 'Average'?
90-109
智障學生在注意力方面有什麼困難？
注意力較短暫，容易分心。
Why is the assessment of adaptive behavior important?
It helps to determine how well an individual can function and meet the demands of everyday life.
What are teratogen-related encephalopathies?
Brain disorders caused by exposure to teratogens, which are substances that can cause developmental malformations.
What is the capacity for acquisition of academic skills in individuals with profound disorder of intellectual development?
Restricted to basic concrete skills.
What is the website for Sam Shui Natives Association Lau Pun Cheung School?
How can infections during pregnancy affect fetal development?
Infections can act as extrinsic prenatal causes, potentially leading to developmental delay and intellectual disability.
What does the Processing Speed Index (PSI) measure?
How fast your brain works, including tasks like symbol search, cancellation, and coding
What condition is specifically tested for with Rett syndrome testing?
Rett syndrome.
What does a deficit in planning affect?
The ability to organize and sequence tasks.
How does occupational therapy in pre-school settings support a child's social and emotional development?
By focusing on psychosocial skills.
What are the two main components of intellectual and adaptive function?
Intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
What is comorbidity in the context of developmental delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID)?
The presence of one or more additional conditions co-occurring with a primary condition.
What developmental milestone might be delayed at 24 months in a child with DD?
No single words, cannot follow situational commands.
What are some of the support services mentioned for people with DD/ID on the EDB website?
Special education support, speech therapy support.
What IQ score range is classified as 'Low Average'?
80-89
智障學生在語言表達能力方面有什麼困難？
語言表達能力弱、掌握的詞彙有限、或有發音不準。
What are genetic encephalopathies?
Brain disorders caused by genetic abnormalities.
What are some examples of conceptual skills in adaptive behavior?
Examples include language, reading, writing, and money concepts.
What types of impairments commonly co-occur with profound disorder of intellectual development?
Motor and sensory impairments.
What is the website for EDB Integrated Education?
What type of prenatal causes include genetic factors?
Intrinsic prenatal causes.
What is abstract thinking and how is it affected by intellectual deficits?
Abstract thinking is the ability to understand complex concepts and ideas, and it is impaired by intellectual deficits.
What is the difference between whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing?
Whole-exome sequencing focuses on the coding regions of genes, while whole-genome sequencing covers the entire genome.
Which area of occupational therapy in pre-school settings helps children with their physical movements and coordination?
Motor skills.
What syndrome is characterized by severe cognitive and physical impairments and is a comorbidity of DD/ID?
Rett syndrome
What does intellectual functioning refer to?
It refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.
Name some common comorbid conditions associated with intellectual disability (ID).
Autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, ADHD, and anxiety disorders.
What developmental milestone might be delayed at 30 months in a child with DD?
Cannot scribble, no short phrases.
