145_CNT_2024

Mesodermal origin

The three main components are fibrous form (protein fibers), amorphous form (ground substance), and water (tissue fluid).

A melanosome is a membrane-bound organelle responsible for the synthesis, deposit, and transportation of melanin.

Ground substance occupies the space between the cells and fibers.

Fibroblasts are modified mesenchymal cells responsible for producing fibers and ground substance for the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Elastic fibers are the primary component of the ligamentum nuchae.

Fibroblast.

Intracellular actin filaments and dense bodies

The major cell type is fibroblast.

The non-living elements include intercellular substance and extracellular matrix, which can exist in fluid to solid states.

Up to 1.5 times their length

Mesenchyme is a type of embryonic connective tissue that plays a crucial role in the development of various tissues and organs.

Large stellate shape.

An inactive macrophage has a small round nucleus with dark staining, similar to a fibroblast.

They form through the fusion of more than one macrophage, often in response to a large foreign body.

Melanin biosynthesis

They form granulation tissue, which leads to scar formation.

The two main layers of the skin are the epidermis and the dermis.

Pigmented cells (melanocyte and melanophore), fibroblast, macrophage, mast cell, plasma cell.

Fibroblast.

They provide strength and support.

The network of elastin molecules can stretch and recoil like a rubber band.

Elastic fibers provide elasticity and resilience, allowing tissues to return to their original shape after stretching.

Exocytic degranulation of mast cells is triggered by the binding of IgE to receptors on the cell surface, leading to local inflammation.

Collagen fibers are found in the mesentery spread, dermis of the skin, and tendons.

Connective tissue cells (CNT cells).

The two stages of fibroblasts are the active/young fibroblast and the inactive/adult fibroblast (fibrocyte).

Myofibroblast

Through cell process networking.

A type of connective tissue that contains elastic fibers arranged in a parallel manner, allowing for flexibility and resilience.

To strengthen and support the tissue.

An elastin core surrounded by microfibrils

Intercellular substance and extracellular matrix.

Connective tissue cells (CNT cells).

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is commonly used to visualize connective tissue in histological sections.

Thin and highly branched.

Primarily irregular collagen fibers and some elastic fibers.

Collagen fiber

Oval, round, or irregular shape (smaller than macrophage but larger than lymphocyte).

To generate heat and regulate energy expenditure, similar to brown fat.

Structural support, flexibility, storage, circulatory support, defense, strength, and contractile support.

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Reticular fibers are commonly found in loose connective tissue, particularly in reticular connective tissue.

0.1 - 2 μm

Histamine exhibits acidophilic staining in H&E preparations.

Toluidine blue staining shows metachromasia, where heparin changes color from magenta to purple.

Pale cytoplasmic basophilic staining

Melanosomes are transferred to other cells by phagocytosis.

Fibroblast, macrophage, mast cell, and white blood cell.

An active macrophage is larger, has an overt nucleus, and contains phagocytic vacuoles/granules.

It is characterized by tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in a parallel fashion, providing tensile strength in one direction.

Collagen fibrils have a diameter range of 20-100 nm.

Small eccentric nucleus with a large central nucleolus.

Most connective tissue is derived from mesenchyme.

Embryonal connective tissue and Adult/Mature connective tissue.

Hematopoietic tissue.

Dense regularly arranged connective tissue of the elastic type.

Cell process for networking with adjacent cells

Large round/oval nucleus with pale staining (fine chromatin) and a prominent nucleolus

Loose irregularly arranged connective tissue is a type of connective tissue characterized by a loose arrangement of fibers and cells, providing flexibility and support to surrounding structures.

Dense regularly arranged connective tissue.

Dense regularly arranged connective tissue of the elastic type.

A type of connective tissue that provides strength and support in multiple directions due to its irregular arrangement of collagen fibers.

Tropocollagen is a triple helix that is 300 nm long and 1.5 nm thick.

Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

Fibroblasts are the primary cells found in the connective tissue of the skin.

The primary function of reticular fibers is to provide structural support and a framework for cells in organs such as the liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

Mesenchymal connective tissue and mucous connective tissue.

Collagen fibers, reticular fibers, and elastic fibers.

Histamine is found in cells at the mucosa and is involved in local inflammation during allergic reactions.

In ligamentum nuchae, ligamentum flavum, lung, skin, bladder, and walls of blood vessels

Elastic fibers are commonly found in elastic connective tissue, such as in the walls of large arteries, lungs, and certain ligaments.

Melanosomes carry a protein scaffold for melanin deposit and enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis.

Large oval nucleus with pale staining.

Long section.

To support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.

Connective tissue proper

Connective tissue functions as a supporting part among body structures, providing anchorage, separation, support, and fastening.

Fibroblasts are the most common cells in connective tissue.

Reticular fibers range from 100-150 nm.

Dense connective tissue

It includes loose irregularly arranged connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

Heparin/chondroitin sulfate acts as an anticoagulant, found in cells at the dermis and submucosa, and helps inactivate histamine.

CNT cells, or connective tissue progenitor cells, are cells that give rise to various types of connective tissue.

Verhoeff's elastic stain and Weigert's elastic stain

Loose irregularly arranged connective tissue is a type of connective tissue characterized by a loose arrangement of fibers and cells, providing flexibility and support to surrounding structures.

Nucleus of fibroblast.

They form supportive networks.

Beneath the skin and around blood vessels, muscles, and nerves.

Ishibashi & Seale

Fibroblasts have the capability for regeneration through mitotic division.

Ground substance is the non-cellular material found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, providing a medium for the exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and cells.

Monocyte

Unilocular (yellow/white fat cell) and Multilocular (brown fat cell).

Long unbranched polysaccharides such as Hyaluronic acid, Chondroitin sulfate, Heparan sulfate, Heparin, Dermatan sulfate, and Keratan sulfate.

Phagocytic activity (cell debris & foreign body) by pseudopodium

Ground substance affects the viscosity, elasticity, and overall mechanical properties of connective tissue, influencing its function and resilience.

Transcription: DNA is converted to mRNA.

Different properties of the collagen chains.

Various types of collagen.

B-lymphocytes as antibody-producing cells.

Palatine tonsil, lymph node, and bone marrow smear.

Melanin

Fibroblasts exhibit slow gliding movement, which can be observed during inflammation or healing.

In fibrous capsules and the dermis of the skin.

Collagenous type

Monkey bladder.

Storage support.

The dermis contains dense irregularly arranged connective tissue.

Collagen fibers (either loose or dense connective tissue).

It is densely packed and organized in a regular pattern.

They assist in phagocytosis and antigen presentation.

Due to the presence of dermal melanocyte.

0.1 - 2 μm

Loose irregularly arranged connective tissue.

Irregular stellate shape

The extracellular matrix is mostly produced by connective tissue cells, except for blood plasma.

Thin, branched, and wavy; they allow for stretch and recoil.

In the mucosa and serosa of the GI tract, mammary gland, reticular connective tissue of tonsil/lymph node, and chronic inflammation connective tissue.

Fine granular cytoplasm with pale staining.

Silver impregnation technique.

Active and inactive fibroblasts.

Mesenchyme, Mucous connective tissue, Adult areolar connective tissue, Pigmented connective tissue, Adipose connective tissue, Reticular connective tissue.

Reticular fibers are mainly composed of type III collagen with a carbohydrate.

Elastic type

Resident type connective tissue cells are developed and function in connective tissue, including fibroblasts, reticular cells, mast cells, plasma cells, fixed macrophages, adipose cells, and pigmented cells.

Elastic type

Mesenchyme is highly vascularized, contains mesenchymal cells, and has an extracellular matrix that includes fluid with chondroitin and rarely mature fibers.

Type II collagen.

Tropocollagen

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Surface ectoderm, Neural tube, Neural crest cell

The pigmentation spectrum depends on the stage of melanosome, rate of degradation, and number of melanosomes, but not on melanocyte density.

Intercellular substance and extracellular matrix.

A multinucleated giant cell is formed by the fusion of multiple macrophages encircling a large foreign body, characterized by incomplete cytoplasmic division.

Beige fat

Elastic connective tissue is characterized by the presence of elastic fibers.

They provide strength and support.

Collagen fiber

Elastic fibers.

Basophilic cytoplasm, mainly consisting of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

Energy storage, hormone secretion, and cushioning.

Mesenchymal connective tissue and mucous connective tissue.

Mesenchyme serves as a precursor tissue for the development of most adult connective tissue and is crucial for blood system development.

Cartilage, Bone, and Hematopoietic tissue/Blood.

Embryonal connective tissue and Adult/Mature connective tissue.

Only in the fetal umbilical cord as loose connective tissue.

Pink color.

Loose/areolar connective tissue and Dense connective tissue.

Thin fiber, elasticity, stretch resistant, flexible

Fiber and cell.

Fibroblast.

Elastic fibers are primarily composed of elastin and microfibrils, which contribute to their stretchability.

It has a higher number of cells compared to fibers, with a loose arrangement.

Epithelial tissue, Nervous tissue, Connective tissue, Muscular tissue

Collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.

Mesoderm

Reticular fibers with phagocytic properties.

Collagen fibers can be observed in cross cut, oblique, and longitudinal orientations.

Reticular fibers are thin, branched fibers made of collagen that form a network to support the cells in various tissues.

Collagen fibers have a diameter range of 1-20 μm.

Coarse chromatin granules with alternating distribution of dark heterochromatin and light euchromatin, located near the nuclear membrane (cart-wheel/clock-face appearance).

Cartilage, Bone, Hematopoietic tissue (Blood).

Reticular fibers form a fine meshwork that acts as a supporting structure in tissues and organs such as the liver, bone marrow, and lymphatic organs.

Bone, cartilage, ligament, and tendon.

Signet ring appearance.

No, they do not have cytoplasmic secretory granules due to immediate exocytosis after synthesis.

Embryonal connective tissue is primarily involved in development and includes structures like mesenchyme, while adult connective tissue is more specialized and includes types like loose and dense connective tissue.

The structural framework of reticular connective tissue includes bone marrow, liver, pancreas, lymphoid tissue, and lymphoid organs except for the thymus.

Connective tissue proper, special connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and hematopoietic tissue/blood.

Derived from bone marrow precursor.

Tropocollagen protein.

Cross-linking is crucial for the stability and strength of collagen fibrils, allowing them to assemble into larger collagen fibers.

Small pale round nucleus.

Reticular fibers in lymph nodes can be identified using the Modified Bielschowsky ammoniacal silver stain.

Lots of cytoplasmic membrane-bound granules of mediators such as Heparin and Histamine.

Fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of collagen and other extracellular matrix components.

Dense connective tissue is classified into regularly arranged and irregularly arranged.

The main components of ground substance include glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.

Mesenchyme is a precursor tissue for most adult connective tissue and mucous connective tissue, found in early embryonic life between ectoderm and endoderm.

In the ligamentum flavum, ligamentum nuchae, and large arteries.

Dense irregularly arranged connective tissue and dense regularly arranged connective tissue.

Type I: dermis, tendon, ligament, bone, dentin, fibrocartilage, and capsule of organ; Type II: hyaline cartilage; Type III: reticular fibers; Type IV: basement membrane; Type V: placenta.

Enzymatic cleavage by procollagen peptidase.

Mesenchyme is classified as embryonal connective tissue.

Inactive fibroblasts have reduced cell size with less cytoplasm and organelles, resulting in pale acidophilic staining. They are more elongated and flattened, with an elongated nucleus that has dark basophilic staining (heterochromatin).

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

Packaging of procollagen.

Embryonic mesenchymal cells include osteocytes, chondrocytes, muscle cells, adipocytes, mesothelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and reticular cells.

It can be regularly arranged or irregularly arranged.

Collagen fiber, reticular fiber, and elastic fiber.

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Increased amount of mucous or jelly-like matrix (hyaluronic acid).

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Mast Cell, Plasma Cell, and Macrophage.

They function like basophils but are not derived from them.

Reticular connective tissue.

Cells, also referred to as CNT cells.

Living elements include cells, while non-living elements refer to the extracellular matrix.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

A specialized form of connective tissue.

Reticular connective tissue.

Fibroblast.

Cells that produce antibodies as part of the immune response.

Parallel collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers.

Connective tissue serves to anchor, separate, support, and fasten body structures, providing protection and flexibility.

Ground substance plays a crucial role in supporting cells, providing a medium for nutrient exchange, and influencing the mechanical properties of the tissue.

Core proteins with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached.

In the iris, choroid, and leptomeninges.

Proteins with oligosaccharide chains attached to polypeptide side-chains.

Twenty-eight types of collagen have been identified and described.

It refers to the ground substance that provides a medium for the exchange of nutrients and waste.

Mesenchyme/mesenchymal connective tissue and Mucous connective tissue.

Special properties of connective tissue can include unique structural features and functions, such as the ability to store energy in adipose tissue or provide support in cartilage.

Melanocytes are derived from neural crest cells (ectoderm) and neural tube (ectoderm).

Includes reticular connective tissue and adipose tissue.

Hematopoietic stem cells are responsible for the formation of blood cells.

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Glycosaminoglycans, which are a component of the ground substance.

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

To store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation.

To store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation.

Blood is classified as a fluid connective tissue.

Proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Connective tissue proper, including tendons and ligaments.

Adipose connective tissue.

In loose connective tissue with a comparable amount to fibroblasts

Mesenchyme and Mucous connective tissue.

A clear area near the nucleus, which contains the Golgi apparatus and centrosphere.

Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV collagen.

It includes loose irregularly arranged connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

Derived from extra-embryonic mesoderm.

Fibroblast, mast cell, lymphocyte, eosinophil.

Reticular connective tissue, adipose connective tissue, and pigmented connective tissue.

Cartilage, bone, and hematopoietic tissue/blood.

Reticular fibers in the pancreas and liver can be identified using PAS/reticular stain.

Increased amount of ground substance with delicate collagen fibers.

Embryonic Mesenchymal Cell, Adult Mesenchymal Cell, Hematopoietic Stem Cell.

The retinal pigment layer does not receive melanosomes from Melanocytes.

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

To store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation.

Tendon, ligament, and skin

They are responsible for the formation and maintenance of cartilage.

Cartilage.

Adipocytes store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation and cushioning.

Loose connective tissue.

To release histamine and play a role in inflammatory responses.

Adipose tissue.

A type of connective tissue that contains pigment cells.

Synovial macrophages, also known as type A cells, are found in the synovial fluid.

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Transient type connective tissue cells are developed in bone marrow and are transferred by circulation to function in connective tissue, wandering between circulation and connective tissue.

Elastic connective tissue.

The basic structures of connective tissue include both cellular components (like fibroblasts) and intercellular components (like the extracellular matrix).

Active fibroblasts are large, flattened, spindle-shaped cells with branching (stellate), a pale oval nucleus (euchromatin) with 1-2 overt nucleoli, and moderately stained basophilic cytoplasm due to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). They have RER, Golgi apparatus, and elongated mitochondria in the perinuclear area and cell processes.

Translation: mRNA is translated into protein.

Common types of adult connective tissue include loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

Active and inactive fibroblasts are quite similar to mesenchymal cells.

Loose/areolar connective tissue, dense connective tissue (regularly and irregularly arranged), reticular connective tissue, and adipose tissue.

Oval shape.

White fiber.

Reticular connective tissue, Adipose tissue, Pigmented connective tissue, and Special connective tissue.

Embryonic Mesenchymal Cell and Fetal Fibroblast.

They give rise to all blood cells.

In loose connective tissue in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.

Chondrocyte.

The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

They are proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached and are found in the extracellular matrix.

Alveolar macrophages are the resident macrophages found in the lungs.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

A type of immune cell that produces antibodies.

To release histamine and play a role in inflammatory responses.

Cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix.

To release histamine and play a key role in inflammatory responses.

In tendons and ligaments.

Loose/areolar connective tissue, Dense connective tissue (regularly and irregularly arranged), Reticular connective tissue, Adipose tissue, and Pigmented connective tissue.

It provides contractile support through intracellular fibers.

Primary lysosome, secondary lysosome, and tertiary lysosome.

Dense irregularly arranged connective tissue and dense regularly arranged connective tissue.

Collagen fibrils are small, thread-like structures formed by the aggregation of tropocollagen molecules.

1-20 μm

In every loose connective tissue, especially subcutaneous tissue.

By exocytosis.

Enzymatic cleavage converts procollagen to tropocollagen.

Collagen fiber.

Artery, lung, and skin (stretch and recoil)

They are responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Cartilage.

Cartilage.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

To store energy in the form of fat.

Amorphous form and fibrous form.

Mast Cell, Plasma Cell, and Macrophage.

To release histamine and play a role in inflammatory responses.

Dense connective tissue, which includes collagen fibers for strength.

To release histamine and play a role in inflammatory responses.

Reticular connective tissue.

To form a supportive network in lymphoid organs.

Muscle Cells.

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1-20 μm

Reticular connective tissue, adipose connective tissue, and pigmented connective tissue.

Connective tissue proper, special connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and hematopoietic tissue/blood.

They are stretch resistant, flexible but inelastic.

The primary cells in reticular connective tissue are reticular cells, macrophages, and plasma cells.

Wharton's jelly.

Type V collagen.

Cartilage.

Very thin fiber and highly branched, framework

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Cartilage.

They are involved in cell adhesion and signaling within the extracellular matrix.

Adipose tissue.

Types include bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, and reticular connective tissue.

Loose irregularly arranged connective tissue.

Reticular connective tissue.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

Langerhans cells are the resident macrophages found in the skin.

Reticular connective tissue, which provides a supportive framework.

Fibroblast, macrophage, mast cell, white blood cell.

Bone.

Mucous connective tissue.

Cells that produce collagen and other fibers in connective tissue.

Reticular fibers can be visualized using the argyrophilic fiber technique (silver impregnation technique).

Mesenchyme and Mucous connective tissue.

They are used for energy storage.

Mesenchyme and Mucous connective tissue.

Hydroxylation and Glycosylation of 3 polypeptide chains to form procollagen.

Melanocyte and Chromatophore (or Melanophore)

Cross-linking and assembly into fibrils.

Mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages.

Extracellular matrix or intercellular substance

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Types of connective tissue derived from mesenchyme include bone, cartilage, muscle, adipose tissue, and blood.

Cartilage.

Embryonic mesenchymal cells include hematopoietic stem cells, osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and reticular cells.

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

Dense irregularly arranged connective tissue.

Reticular connective tissue, which provides a supportive framework.

Mast Cell, Plasma Cell, and Macrophage.

Microglia are the resident macrophages found in the brain.

Dense connective tissue.

Adult mesenchymal cells are important for tissue repair and regeneration.

It provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Producing antibodies as part of the immune response.

Renal macrophages are the resident macrophages found in the kidneys.

Examples of transient type connective tissue cells include neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, free macrophages, and mesenchymal cells.

Dense regularly arranged connective tissue.

White/Yellow storage fat and Brown thermogenic fat.

Tropocollagen is the basic structural unit of collagen, consisting of three polypeptide chains wound together in a triple helix.

Loose/areolar connective tissue and dense connective tissue (which can be regularly or irregularly arranged).

Type IV collagen.

Osteocyte.

It can be regularly arranged or irregularly arranged.

Embryonic Mesenchymal Cell and Mesoderm.

Melanocytes have multiple dendrites for melanosome transfer to neighboring cells.

Cartilage, Bone, and Hematopoietic tissue/Blood.

Osteocyte.

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Bone, Cartilage, Adipose, and Reticular connective tissue.

To store energy in the form of fat.

Cartilage.

They form a supportive framework in various organs.

Amorphous form and fibrous form.

Mast cells, plasma cells, and macrophages are key immune cells in connective tissue.

To release histamine and play a role in inflammatory responses.

It provides support and nourishment to the epithelium and contains immune cells.

It provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Connective tissue proper, which includes tendons and ligaments.

In fibrous capsules and the dermis of the skin.

They form bundles of various sizes, are long and unbranched.

Hydroxylation, glycosylation, and triple helix formation.

100-150 nm

Collagen and reticular fibers.

The extracellular matrix of reticular connective tissue is characterized by a network of small reticular fibers that stain black (argyrophil) in AgNO3 staining.

Secretion by exocytosis.

Thermogenesis.

Adipose tissue.

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Osteocyte.

Cartilage.

Dense regularly arranged connective tissue.

Kupffer cells are the resident macrophages found in the liver.

Reticular connective tissue provides a supportive framework for organs and tissues.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

To store energy in the form of fat.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that can differentiate into various cell types.

Fibroblasts produce collagen and other fibers, playing a key role in tissue repair.

Fibers and ground substance.

A specialized connective tissue that transports nutrients and waste.

Connective tissue proper includes tendons, ligaments, dermis, and lamina propria.

To engulf and digest cellular debris and pathogens.

A network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Dendritic cells are the macrophages found in lymph nodes.

Embryonic Mesenchymal Cell and Fetal Fibroblast.

Collagen fibrils are smaller structures that aggregate to form larger collagen fibers, which provide strength and support in connective tissues.

Extracellular matrix or intercellular substance.

Melanocytes are found in the epidermis, hair follicle, iris, choroid, leptomeninges, cochlea, and retina.

Cartilage, bone, and hematopoietic tissue/blood.

Collagen fiber, Reticular fiber, Elastic fiber

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

Molecules that consist of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan chains, found in the ground substance.

Adipocyte.

To store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation.

Cartilage.

Dense connective tissue.

To store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation.

Fibroblast.

To release histamine and play a role in allergic reactions.

Splenic macrophages are the resident macrophages found in the spleen.

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.

The material that fills the space between cells and fibers.

In tendons, ligaments, ligamentum nuchae, ligamentum flavum, and large arteries.

Beneath the skin and around blood vessels, muscles, and nerves.

A type of adult mesenchymal cell responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Collagen fibrils aggregate through cross-linking and other interactions to form thicker collagen fibers.

Adult Mesenchymal Cell, Osteocyte, Chondrocyte, Adipocyte, Reticular Cell.

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

Lymph node

They help to stabilize the extracellular matrix and retain water.

To maintain bone tissue and regulate mineral content.

ECM includes fibers and ground substance that provide structural support.

Cells involved in the immune response include mast cells, plasma cells, and macrophages.

It is a network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Reticular connective tissue.

To release histamine and play a role in inflammatory responses.

A type of loose connective tissue found in the umbilical cord.

Intestinal macrophages are the resident macrophages found in the intestines.

A specialized form of connective tissue that transports nutrients and waste.

Dense connective tissue.

Reproductive organ macrophages are the resident macrophages found in reproductive organs.

Glycosaminoglycans, which are part of the ground substance

Examples of connective tissue proper include tendons, ligaments, dermis, lamina propria, and submucosa.

They form the stroma and support the structure of organs.

Tissue basophils.

Mucous connective tissue.

A type of embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to various connective tissues.

Reticular connective tissue.

The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

To engulf and digest cellular debris and pathogens.

Peritoneal macrophages are the resident macrophages found in the peritoneum.

Osteoclasts are a type of macrophage found in bone.

Mast cells are involved in inflammatory responses and allergic reactions.

Reticular cells form a supportive network in lymphoid organs and bone marrow.

Connective tissue proper, including tendons and ligaments.