What is the most common type of vulval cancer?
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Squamous cell carcinoma (around 90% of cases).
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What is the most common type of vulval cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma (around 90% of cases).
What are some risk factors for vulval cancer?
Advanced age, immunosuppression, HPV infection, and lichen sclerosus.
What percentage of women with lichen sclerosus develop vulval cancer?
Around 5%.
What is vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)?
A premalignant condition affecting the squamous epithelium of the vulva.
What is a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)?
A type of VIN associated with HPV infection, typically occurring in women aged 35-50.
What is differentiated VIN associated with?
Lichen sclerosus, typically occurring in older women (aged 50-60).
What are some treatment options for VIN?
Watch and wait, wide local excision, imiquimod cream, and laser ablation.
What are common symptoms of vulval cancer?
Vulval lump, ulceration, bleeding, pain, itching, and lymphadenopathy in the groin.
What is the appearance of vulval cancer most frequently affecting?
The labia majora, presenting as an irregular mass, fungating lesion, ulceration, or bleeding.
What is the recommended referral time for suspected vulval cancer?
A 2-week-wait urgent cancer referral.
What is involved in establishing the diagnosis and staging of vulval cancer?
Biopsy of the lesion, sentinel node biopsy, and further imaging (e.g., CT abdomen and pelvis).
What staging system is used for vulval cancer?
The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system.
What are some management options for vulval cancer?
Wide local excision, groin lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
