[PHY LEC - LE 2] 03 - WBC and Intro to Immunology_ Ver. 1.0

Release inflammatory mediators during degranulation.

Inflammatory monocytes and patrolling monocytes.

To recognize and respond to a small number of common microbial structures.

To initiate protective responses against viruses involving helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells.

To function as antigen presenting cells and link the innate and adaptive immune responses.

They are populated by commensal organisms, contain innate and adaptive immune cells, and include mechanical and chemical barriers.

Tight junctions, keratin, and mucus assisted by cilia and peristalsis.

They migrate to the bloodstream and travel to areas of inflammation to help destroy remaining pathogens.

It protects adjacent cells from viral infection and helps activate T-cell mediated immune responses.

Blue-staining cytoplasmic granules.

Increases blood vessel permeability and smooth muscle activity.

By recognizing microbial molecules and host molecules produced in response to infections.

A type of dendritic cell involved in T-helper mediated immunity against skin pathogens.

They have pink-staining cytoplasmic granules.

Susceptibility to opportunistic infections, such as Candida and Clostridium, may increase.

Both have high-affinity plasma membrane receptors for IgE.

They have direct toxicity to a broad range of microorganisms and activate leukocytes.

They are a type of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) that do not express antigen-specific receptors.

5-12 days.

It traps microbial particles, which are then removed by cilia movement, coughing, or sneezing.

They are the principal cell type in acute inflammatory reactions and function as phagocytic cells.

Tissue-resident macrophages that arise early in life from embryonic cells.

In secondary lymphoid structures, such as lymph nodes.

Peyer patches in the small intestine and isolated lymphoid follicles.

Phagocytes and dendritic cells.

Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells) and monocytes/macrophages.

Skin and mucosal barriers.

They provide protection together with physical and chemical barriers.

Endogenous molecules produced by or released from damaged or dying cells.

They do not express antigen-specific receptors and have distinct granular cytoplasm.

Basophils and mast cells.

In various tissues and can migrate to T cell zones of lymph nodes.

By detecting decreased or absent MHC Class I expression on tumor cells and infected cells.

<1%.

Neutrophils.

It involves neutrophil activation, granule lysis, and the release of DNA and granule contents to immobilize and kill extracellular microbes.

They detect pathogens and release antimicrobial compounds and cytokines to recruit other immune cells.

Molecular structures produced by microbial pathogens that are essential for their survival.

T cells and B cells.

Washing action of tears, saliva, and urine, along with secreted body fluids containing bactericidal components.

Expert phagocytes that remove pathogens and cellular debris.

Through mucosal surfaces or breaches in the skin.

1-3%.

They compete effectively against many potential pathogens.

Toll-like receptors (TLR), mannose receptors, and scavenger receptors.

They are granulocytic cells important in the body's defense against parasitic organisms.

Ingest necrotic host cells and promote angiogenesis.

To provide a physical barrier between microbes in the external environment and host tissue.

They transport the antigens to regional lymph nodes and mature.

Barrier immunity associated with mucosal tissues that initiates immune responses to specific antigens.

They recognize PAMPs and DAMPs, activating signal transduction pathways to promote antimicrobial and proinflammatory functions.

Dendritic cells.

A transient increase in the number of circulating white blood cells during acute infection.