How is identity defined according to Djite?
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As the 'everyday word for people's sense of who they are.'
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How is identity defined according to Djite?
As the 'everyday word for people's sense of who they are.'
What are the two types of identity gaps identified by Jung and Hecht?
Gaps between personal vs ascribed relational identities and personal vs enacted identities.
Why is it important to acknowledge the multiplicity of identities?
To avoid drawing hasty generalizations about people.
What should the gaps in identity be related to?
Communication outcomes.
How is self-identity influenced?
By how others see us and our interactions with them.
How is identity described in Jung and Hecht's concept?
Identity is communicative and social.
What leads to identity gaps?
Less communication satisfaction, appropriateness, and effectiveness.
What is the focus of the discussion regarding identity?
The process of identity construction through communication.
How is identity characterized in the text?
As fluid and political rather than personal.
What is the nature of identity according to the statement?
Identity is dynamic rather than static.
How do Hecht and Choi (2012) define identity?
By social categorization and shared group memberships.
What role does communication play in defining our identity?
Communication defines our identity when we employ linguistic codes.
According to the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI), what quality does identity possess?
It is a collective or group quality.
What does Duveen's Self-Other-Object Triangle illustrate?
It illustrates that social representations help people situate themselves.
How do appearance and props function in Goffman's theory?
They communicate things that have socially ascribed meaning.
What is the significance of dialogue in identity construction?
Dialogue allows for the exploration and affirmation of identities through shared experiences.
Is identity considered singular or multiple?
Identity is considered multiple rather than singular.
What contributes to the instability of our identities?
Our various social circles.
Which theories are mentioned for analyzing identity construction?
Communication Theory of Identity and Positioning Theory.
Who are the authors associated with the Communication Theory of Identity?
Hecht et al. (2009).
How do people make sense of themselves according to the text?
By drawing on and reconstructing social representations.
How does CTI view identity?
As a dynamic process influenced by communication.
What role does communication play in identity according to CTI?
It is essential for expressing and negotiating identity.
How do we construct our identity?
Through communicating and interacting with others.
What should you be able to analyze by the end of the discussion?
Issues in the construction of personal and collective identities.
What are some shared elements that contribute to collective identity?
Language, beliefs, norms, and culture.
How are identities defined in relation to social representations?
Identities are defined as positions in relation to social representations.
What does 'Back Stage' refer to in Goffman's theory?
The private self, where individuals can relax and be themselves.
What does 'manner' refer to in Goffman's Presentation of Self?
How the individual plays the roles and functions.
What is meant by 'front' in Goffman's theory?
The image or impression an individual gives off to the audience.
What are the 4 frames of identity according to Hecht?
They are intertwined with each other, such as gender identity.
What do Moscovici and Markova believe about the 'self' and the 'other'?
They believe that the 'self' and the 'other' are inseparable.
What does the Relational frame of identity depend on?
Our relationships with others.
What is a potential issue with a person's self-concept?
There may be a mismatch with how they are perceived by others.
What does a mismatch in identity perception lead to?
Constant identity negotiation.
What role does social context play in identity construction?
Social context provides the framework within which identities are formed and expressed.
What is meant by 'Off Stage' in Goffman's framework?
The areas where individuals are not performing and are out of the public eye.
How can your identity change according to Positioning Theory?
It may change depending on the 'storyline' you are in.
What does the Personal frame of identity encompass?
Self-cognitions, self-image, and self-concept.
What is a key characteristic of identities?
Identities are multiple and not singular.
What is the focus of the Enacted frame of identity?
Performance and outward expressions of identity.
What role does communication play in identity construction?
It is essential for constructing and shaping our identities.
What analogy does Erving Goffman use to explain self-presentation?
Theater, specifically the Dramaturgical Model of Social Life.
What are some examples of communication outcomes?
Communication satisfaction, feeling understood, and conversational appropriateness and effectiveness.
What does Positioning Theory conceptualize regarding the 'other'?
The 'other' is seen as an integral part of the positioning process.
What are positions in Positioning Theory?
They are both identity positions and sets of rights and duties.
What is the nature of the process of positioning and social identity construction?
It is discursive in nature.
How is our identity indirectly defined by communication?
By internalizing judgments of ourselves, others, and social groups based on our expressions.
What should individuals be allowed to do regarding their identities?
Negotiate their identities.
How can our identities be expressed?
Our identities can be represented in various ways.
What factor is considered to shape interactions in Positioning Theory?
Power dynamics.
What feelings are associated with identity gaps?
Less feelings of being understood.
What do Michael Hecht and his colleagues (2009) say about identity?
Identity is a social process constructed through communication.
What can occur among the frames of identity?
Inconsistency and contradiction.
What is the 'Front Stage' in Goffman's model?
The public persona we present to others.
How do identity gaps affect communication?
Identity gaps can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts in communication.
What does the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI) focus on?
The interplay between communication and identity formation.
What is the Communal frame of identity?
A shared version of personhood for a collective identity.
What are the key components of the Communication Theory of Identity?
Personal, enacted, relational, and communal identities.
What is the relationship between communication and identity construction?
Communication plays a crucial role in shaping and expressing individual identities.
How does communication influence personal identity?
Through interactions and exchanges, individuals negotiate and redefine their identities.
What does Erving Goffman mean by 'setting' in his theory?
Different settings lead to different performances.
