What is the most common birth defect caused by alcohol?
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Fetal alcohol syndrome, which includes IUGR, mental deficiency, microcephaly, ocular anomalies, joint abnormalities, and short palpebral fissures.
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What is the most common birth defect caused by alcohol?
Fetal alcohol syndrome, which includes IUGR, mental deficiency, microcephaly, ocular anomalies, joint abnormalities, and short palpebral fissures.
What birth defects can rubella virus cause?
IUGR, postnatal growth retardation, cardiac and great vessel abnormalities, microcephaly, sensorineural deafness, and cataracts.
What are the effects of high levels of ionizing radiation on fetal development?
Microcephaly, mental deficiency, skeletal anomalies, growth retardation, and cataracts.
What are the effects of aminopterin on fetal development?
IUGR, skeletal defects, and CNS malformations, notably meroencephaly.
What congenital issues can isotretinoin cause?
Craniofacial abnormalities, neural tube defects, cardiovascular defects, cleft palate, and thymic aplasia.
What birth defects can androgens and high doses of progestogens cause in female fetuses?
Various degrees of masculinization, including ambiguous external genitalia, labial fusion, and clitoral hypertrophy.
What are the effects of lithium carbonate on fetal development?
Various defects, usually involving the heart and great vessels.
What are the consequences of methylmercury exposure during pregnancy?
Cerebral atrophy, spasticity, seizures, and mental deficiency.
What defects are associated with cocaine use during pregnancy?
IUGR, prematurity, microcephaly, cerebral infarction, urogenital defects, and neurobehavioral disturbances.
What birth defects are associated with methotrexate?
Multiple defects, especially skeletal, involving the face, cranium, limbs, and vertebral column.
What abnormalities are linked to diethylstilbestrol exposure?
Abnormalities of the uterus and vagina, cervical erosion, and ridges.
