What is crucial in embedded system design?
Click to see answer
Timing.
Click to see question
What is crucial in embedded system design?
Timing.
What is the primary design purpose of an embedded system?
It is mostly designed for a specific function or functions within a larger system.
What does a D - A converter do?
It converts digital data fed by the processor to analog data.
What is a microcontroller?
A microcontroller is a single-chip VLSI unit also called a microcomputer.
What has emerged to simplify the development of applications for embedded systems?
Several integrated software environments.
What is one application of embedded systems in home devices?
Televisions (TVs).
What is a key feature of a microcontroller that allows it to restart its operations?
Processor reset.
Which home device uses embedded systems for time management?
Digital Alarm.
What is fault-tolerance in embedded systems?
The capability of a computer system to survive in the presence of faults.
What feature allows a microprocessor to manage timing for instructions?
Instruction cycle timer.
What tasks do laser printers perform apart from printing?
They take user inputs, manage communication with the computer system, handle faults, and sense papers left on the tray.
What capability does a microprocessor have regarding memory?
External memory interface.
How do drug delivery systems function?
Administers proper doses of medication.
How do Reactive Systems differ from conventional software systems?
Reactive Systems continuously interact with the environment, while conventional systems (transformational systems) take inputs, process them, and then terminate.
Which embedded system application is used for vehicle safety?
Air Bags.
What is co-design in embedded systems?
The simultaneous design of software and hardware.
Why is correct functioning crucial in embedded systems?
Because safety-critical applications can result in damage to life and the economy.
Can a doctor configure a cardiac pacemaker from 2 km away?
Yes, with advanced technology such as telemedicine and remote surgery.
What is a microprocessor?
A microprocessor is a single chip semiconductor device.
What technology allows a driverless car to navigate from Mumbai to New Delhi?
An inbuilt navigation program.
What is an example of an embedded system used in printing?
Laser printers.
What home device utilizes embedded systems for climate control?
Air Conditioner.
What types of memory are included in a microprocessor?
ROM and RAM.
What does Embedded System Design involve?
Both hardware (HW) and software (SW) design.
What role do microcomputers play in electronic ignition systems?
They control sparks and fuel injectors.
What is the role of software in embedded systems?
To provide flexibility.
What defines a 16-bit microcontroller?
It processes 16 bits of data simultaneously.
What is the role of hardware in embedded systems?
To provide speed.
What type of systems are embedded systems considered?
Concurrent systems.
Why are compact systems important in embedded design?
They require minimal space and are often used in portable devices.
What benefits do ATM machines provide through microcomputers?
Security and banking convenience.
What type of entertainment device utilizes microprocessors?
Games machines.
What additional functional blocks does a microcontroller use?
RAM, timer, parallel I/O, ADC, and DAC.
What facilitates communication in embedded systems?
Communication between ASIC and software.
What is the primary function of a controller?
To monitor parameters of physical processes in its surrounding system.
What components are included in a microprocessor's CPU?
A program counter, an ALU, a stack pointer, working register, and a clock timing circuit.
What is a key feature of a driverless car?
It operates autonomously using embedded systems.
What is the function of a sensor in an embedded system?
A sensor measures a physical quantity and converts it to an electrical signal, which can be stored in memory.
What types of networks can embedded systems operate across due to the Internet?
LAN, WAN, or the internet.
What design consideration may dominate decisions for embedded systems with long operational lifespans?
Long life cycle may dominate design decisions.
What are the key characteristics of embedded systems?
They are task-specific, have real-time performance constraints, and are often resource-constrained.
What function do microcomputers serve in vehicle instrumentation?
They collect and provide the driver with necessary information.
What is an embedded microcontroller?
A microcontroller designed for specific control applications within embedded systems.
What are Small Scale Embedded Systems designed with?
A single 8 or 16-bit microcontroller.
Which application of embedded systems is used for security in vehicles?
Anti-stealing Alarms.
What are two important qualities of an embedded system?
High availability and reliability.
What are the main components of an embedded system?
A digital signal processor and a variety of I/O devices connected to sensors and actuators.
What role do controllers and DSP play in embedded systems?
They are programmable parts that can be customized for different applications by writing software.
What is one application of microcomputers in industrial settings?
Setback thermostats that adjust day/night thresholds to save energy.
What are common languages used for hardware in embedded systems?
Hardware C, SpecC, SpecCharts, Statecharts.
What does a controller do when it detects a need?
It controls the processes whenever needed.
What constraints must embedded systems meet?
Various timing and other constraints imposed by the real-time behavior of the external world.
Can you give an example of a controller?
A simple thermostat controller.
Why is real-time behavior critical for systems like air force missile tracking?
They must precisely calculate and plan counter-attacks due to hard real-time deadlines to avoid destruction.
What is an embedded system?
A computer designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger system.
What are the two main types of embedded systems?
Standalone embedded systems and networked embedded systems.
What role do microcomputers play in cancer treatments?
Controls doses of radiation, drugs, or heat.
What are two critical factors that may constrain design choices in embedded systems?
Reliability and safety.
What is a networked embedded system?
An embedded system that connects and communicates with other systems or devices.
What role does memory play in an embedded system?
Memory is used to store information in an embedded system.
What does a pacemaker do?
Helps the heart beat regularly.
What is a significant limitation regarding memory in embedded systems?
Limited memory availability.
What is a real-time embedded system?
An embedded system that must respond to inputs or events within a specific time frame.
What is a mobile embedded system?
An embedded system designed for portable devices, such as smartphones.
What is one application of embedded systems in robotic science?
Ground Vehicles.
Can an embedded system operate independently?
Yes, it can be either an independent system or part of a larger system.
What is a key feature of the latest Ford car model regarding embedded systems?
It has more than 21 microcontrollers performing various functions.
What is a system?
An arrangement where all components work according to specific defined rules.
Give an example of an embedded system.
A fire alarm, which can sense only smoke.
What does a system help to organize?
It helps to organize, work, or perform one or more tasks according to a fixed plan.
How do microcomputers contribute to traffic control systems?
They sense car positions and control traffic lights.
Why is flexibility important when designing an embedded system?
It allows for important diagnostics if the system loses control, such as in a spacecraft.
What type of microcomputer application is used for vehicle security?
Theft deterrent devices, such as keyless entry and alarm systems.
How do remote controls utilize microcomputers?
They accept key touches and send infrared (IR) pulses to base systems.
How are microcomputers used in inventory control?
They facilitate input from bar code readers and output to writers.
What does portability require in embedded systems?
Generalized abstractions between the application program logic and the low-level system interfaces.
What is the purpose of instruction cycle timers in a microcontroller?
To manage the timing of instruction execution.
What are stringent resource constraints in embedded systems?
Limitations on resources such as processing power, memory, and energy.
What is a key application of microcomputers in banking?
ATM machines.
What is the function of input/output interfaces in embedded systems?
They facilitate communication between the embedded system and external devices.
What are the functional blocks used in a microprocessor?
Register, ALU, timing, and control units.
What is a characteristic of the instruction set in a microprocessor?
It has a large amount of instructions, each carrying out a different variation of the same operation.
What is an application of microcomputers in automotive technology for optimizing stopping?
Automatic braking, which optimizes stopping on slippery surfaces.
What does flexibility mean in the context of embedded systems?
It refers to building systems with built-in debugging opportunities that allow for remote maintenance.
What does a microcontroller contain?
All the memory and I/O interfaces needed for operation.
What is a primary design challenge for embedded systems compared to general systems?
Embedded systems have different constraints than general systems.
How does a microcontroller differ from a general-purpose microprocessor?
A microcontroller contains all necessary functions on a single chip, while a microprocessor requires additional chips.
In embedded system design, which factor may be prioritized over speed?
Cost may matter more than speed.
In what applications are microcontrollers widely used?
In embedded systems for real-time control applications.
What is the function of automatic sprinklers in farming?
They control the wetness of the soil.
What is a 32-bit microcontroller?
A microcontroller capable of processing 32 bits of data at once.
How do microcomputers enhance games and toys?
They entertain the user, provide joystick input, and video output.
What is meant by real-time performance in embedded systems?
The ability to process data and respond to inputs within a strict time limit.
What characteristic makes embedded systems multi-functional?
They are designed to perform multiple tasks.
What is the main component of a microprocessor?
Only a Central Processing Unit (CPU).
What is the current cost trend of processors that has influenced embedded systems?
The cost of processors has come down to an affordable level.
What design approach is now preferred over totally hardwired electronic systems?
Incorporation of a programmable processor in a circuit.
What is an embedded system?
A computer designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger system.
For what purpose is an embedded system typically designed?
For one specific task.
What is an embedded system?
A combination of computer software and hardware that is either fixed in capability or programmable.
How do microcomputers assist in recognizing friendly targets?
Through smart weapons technology.
What does ASIC stand for?
Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
What type of memory is used for storing programs and variables in a microcontroller?
Program and Variable Memory (RAM).
What is the purpose of the defined rules in a system?
To ensure that all components work together effectively.
How has the Internet impacted embedded systems?
It allows networking of several embedded systems to operate as part of a large system across networks.
What functions do telephone answering machines perform?
Plays outgoing message, saves and organizes messages.
What is the primary component of an embedded system's architecture?
Microcontroller or microprocessor.
What role do microcomputers play in cellular phones and pagers?
Manage keypad inputs, sound I/O, and communicate with central stations.
What system in automobiles helps with visibility during rain?
Whippers.
How do embedded systems interact with their environment?
The system and environment run concurrently.
Can you give an example of a standalone embedded system?
A digital watch.
What is the significance of buses in embedded system architecture?
Buses connect different components and allow data transfer between them.
What is an application of embedded systems in industrial control?
Robotics.
What happens once an embedded system is started?
It runs forever.
What is one application of microcomputers in the military?
Smart weapons.
What is a Complex Instruction Set Microprocessor (CISC)?
A type of microprocessor that has a complex set of instructions for performing tasks.
Where can embedded systems be found?
In devices like wristwatches, washing machines, microwave ovens, elevators, mobile telephones, printers, FAX machines, telephone exchanges, automobiles, and aircraft.
What type of I/O does a microprocessor offer?
Parallel I/O.
What do cardiac monitors measure?
Heart functions.
What function does a microcomputer perform in a washing machine?
Controls the water and spin cycles.
What is the purpose of renal monitors?
Measures kidney functions.
What is portability in embedded systems?
A measure of the ease of using the same embedded software in various environments.
What type of home device uses embedded systems for capturing images?
Cameras.
What is a standalone embedded system?
An embedded system that operates independently without needing to connect to other systems.
How do embedded systems differ from general-purpose computers?
Embedded systems are designed for specific tasks, while general-purpose computers can perform a wide range of tasks.
How are microprocessors used in financial management?
In accounting systems.
What is an external memory microcontroller?
A microcontroller that can interface with external memory for additional storage.
How do Small Scale Embedded Systems operate?
With the help of a battery.
In what type of systems are microprocessors used for complex operations?
Complex industrial controllers.
Which embedded system application is crucial for controlling nuclear reactors?
Control System.
What typically controls an embedded system?
A microprocessor that executes instructions stored on a Read Only Memory (ROM) chip.
How does the use of a programmable processor affect design time?
It makes the design more robust and reduces the design time cycle.
What is an application of embedded systems in missile technology?
Missiles.
What characterizes Sophisticated Embedded Systems?
They have lots of hardware and software complexities.
What role do microcontrollers play in embedded systems?
Microcontrollers serve as the brain of embedded systems, executing specific tasks and controlling other components.
What has accelerated the translation of fictitious scenarios into reality?
Advances in technology.
What is the role of the processor in an embedded system?
It processes the data to measure the output and store it in memory.
What does reliability measure in an embedded system?
The survival probability of the system when the function is critical during runtime.
What is the function of apnea monitors in medical applications?
Detects breathing and alarms if the baby stops breathing.
What is the purpose of I/O devices in an embedded system?
To connect to sensors and actuators.
What is an 8-bit microcontroller?
A microcontroller that processes 8 bits of data at a time.
What are Reactive Systems?
Systems that have continuous interaction with their environment.
What role do microcomputers play in robot systems?
They take input from sensors and control the motors.
What are typical examples of Reactive Systems?
Hardware and operating systems (OS).
How does a thermostat controller operate?
It periodically reads the temperature, displays the reading, and switches the cooling system on or off as required.
What functions do microcomputers perform in exercise equipment?
Measures speed, distance, calories, heart rate, and logs workouts.
What role does memory play in embedded system architecture?
It stores program instructions and data.
What are transformational systems?
Systems that take input from the environment, transform it, and then terminate to give outputs.
How does a sensor interact with electronic instruments?
The electrical signal from the sensor can be read by an observer or by electronic instruments like an A-D converter.
What embedded system application assists with vehicle parking?
Parking Assistant System.
What type of processors are commonly used in embedded systems?
Simple processors.
What is a key requirement for the performance of an embedded system?
It requires real-time performance.
What built-in feature does a microprocessor offer for monitoring and debugging?
A built-in monitor/debugger program with interrupt capability.
What role do microcomputers play in missile guidance systems?
They direct ordinance at the desired target.
How do microcomputers improve sound quality in vehicles?
Through noise cancellation, which removes background noise.
What technology helps determine your location on the planet?
Global positioning systems (GPS).
What are Digital Signal Multiprocessors (DSPs) used for?
They are specialized microprocessors designed for processing digital signals.
What is one application of embedded systems in automobiles?
Fuel Injection.
How do interactive telephone systems utilize microcomputers?
For switching and information retrieval.
How do microcomputers enhance driver comfort in vehicles?
By controlling power windows and seats, remembering preferred settings for each driver.
What role do microcomputers play in clocks and watches?
Maintains the time, alarm, and display.
What is one application of microprocessors in everyday devices?
Calculators.
What is a nonstandard hardware example in embedded systems?
ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit).
Are all embedded systems considered reactive?
Yes, all embedded systems are reactive.
How has power consumption changed in relation to embedded systems?
Power consumption has drastically reduced.
What role does resource constraint play in embedded systems?
Embedded systems often operate with limited processing power, memory, and energy consumption.
How many types of bit handling instructions does a microprocessor typically have?
One or two types.
What complexities do Medium Scale Embedded Systems involve?
Both hardware and software complexities.
What type of systems does a microprocessor help design?
General purpose digital computer systems.
What systems utilize microprocessors for national security?
Defense systems.
What components do Sophisticated Embedded Systems require?
IPS, ASIPS, PLAs, configuration processors, or scalable processors.
What networking device is an application of embedded systems?
Router.
What are the major technologies that will help make futuristic scenarios a reality?
Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) and Embedded Systems.
What role does Java play in the development of embedded systems?
It provides standard run time platforms that enable their use in various ways.
What is the function of an actuator in an embedded system?
It compares the output from the D - A converter to the actual output and stores the approved output in memory.
What is a Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessor (RISC)?
A type of microprocessor that uses a small, highly optimized instruction set.
What does ASIC stand for in the context of embedded systems?
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit.
What role does embedded technology play in remote medical procedures?
It enables remote monitoring and control of medical devices.
What additional features does a microprocessor have?
Memory decoder and many serial and parallel ports.
What does an A-D converter do?
An A-D converter (analog-to-digital converter) converts an analog signal from the sensor into a digital signal.
What are the two types of memory used in embedded systems?
Volatile memory and non-volatile memory.
What are the two main types of memory used in embedded systems?
RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
How is the interaction of transformational systems with the environment characterized?
Limited to once at the time of taking inputs and once at the end when outputs are generated.
What is the function of microcomputers in audio/video systems?
Interacts with the operator and enhances performance.
What are some common applications of embedded systems?
Consumer electronics, automotive systems, medical devices, and industrial automation.
What type of systems are embedded systems classified as?
Reactive systems.
What is the importance of quick response in embedded systems?
It ensures timely processing and interaction with the environment.
What type of operating system is an embedded system typically developed around?
A real-time operating system.
What kind of bit handling instructions does a microcontroller offer?
Many kinds of bit handling instructions.
What is one application of microcontrollers in mobile technology?
Mobile phones.
How does a microprocessor interface with RAM, ROM, and peripherals?
Uses an external bus.
What is the multitasking capability of a microprocessor?
It allows multitasking.
What is an example of an embedded system used in cardiac monitoring?
Cardiac Monitor.
What is one application of microcomputers in communication?
Telephone answering machines.
What component in a microcontroller is responsible for interfacing with external devices?
I/O pins.
Which device is used for playing movies and also employs embedded systems?
DVD Video Player.
What feature of a microcontroller determines the speed of its operations?
Device clocking central processor.
What is the main task of embedded systems in devices?
To perform specific functions related to the device's operation.
How do prosthetic devices benefit users?
Increases mobility for the handicapped.
What is the function of dialysis machines?
Performs functions normally done by the kidney.
What is a key requirement for real-time systems in embedded design?
Not only the right output but also at the right time.
Can you give an example of a networked embedded system?
A smart thermostat that connects to the internet.
What factors influence the choice of components in embedded systems?
The choice of programmable parts and ASICs.
How do microprocessors contribute to traffic management?
In traffic light systems.
What application of embedded systems is used in space exploration?
Space Stations.
Name an application of embedded systems in drones.
Drones.
What type of systems does a microcontroller help design?
Application-specific dedicated systems.
What type of user interface do embedded systems typically require?
Minimal user interface.
Which system is generally heavier and costlier, microprocessor or microcontroller?
Microprocessor systems are heavier and costlier.
What type of wearable technology uses microcontrollers?
Watches.
What has contributed to the sudden interest in embedded systems regarding processor size?
Processors have shrunk in size with increased performance.
What is system partitioning in embedded system design?
A difficult step in dividing the system into hardware and software components.
What is an embedded system?
A device controlled by instructions stored on a chip.
In what type of systems is a microprocessor typically used?
Personal Computers.
What role do microprocessors play in data management?
Control data.
Why is low power consumption a critical challenge in embedded systems?
To extend battery life and reduce heat generation.
In which type of vehicle are microcontrollers commonly used?
Automobiles.
Which medical device is an application of embedded systems?
Dialysis Machine.
What is needed for the design of Sophisticated Embedded Systems?
Hardware and software co-design and components that need to combine in the final system.
How are embedded systems applied in automotive technology?
For Engine Control.
How many instructions do microprocessors typically process compared to microcontrollers?
Microprocessors have a large number of instructions, while microcontrollers have fewer.
Which audio device is an application of microcontrollers?
Mp3 players.
What is the projected size of the embedded market by 2030?
Larger than $40 billion.
What could be the consequence of a delay in a pacemaker system?
A delay of a few minutes could be life-threatening.
What tools are used in Small Scale Embedded Systems?
An editor, assembler, IDE, and cross assembler.
What microcontrollers are used in Medium Scale Embedded Systems?
16 or 32-bit microcontrollers.
What does good throughput mean in the context of embedded systems?
The ability to process a high volume of data efficiently.
What is a common feature of embedded systems regarding storage?
They usually have easy and diskless operation, often using ROM boot.
What concept helps in reducing the design cycle and total development time?
The development environment for prototyping and simulation/emulation.
How often do we use devices with QNX without being aware of it?
Several times a day.
What is the typical environment for embedded systems?
They often operate in real-time environments and can be found in various applications like automotive, consumer electronics, and industrial machines.
When was the first embedded system for a vehicle released?
In 1968.
What type of device uses microcontrollers for input control?
Keyboard controllers.
What is a common feature of embedded system architecture?
It is designed for specific tasks rather than general-purpose computing.
How does power management fit into embedded system architecture?
It ensures efficient energy use, crucial for battery-operated devices.
Which programming languages are commonly used in Medium Scale Embedded Systems?
C, C++, Java, and source code engineering tools.
How do embedded systems differ from general-purpose computers?
Embedded systems are designed for specific tasks, while general-purpose computers can perform a wide range of functions.
What architecture are microprocessors based on?
Von Neumann model.
How do microprocessors compare in complexity and cost to microcontrollers?
Microprocessors are complicated and expensive, while microcontrollers are inexpensive and straightforward.
Do embedded systems require secondary memory?
No, they do not need any secondary memory.
What significant development in embedded systems occurred by the late 1990s?
The first embedded Linux system appeared.
What does a microcontroller contain?
A CPU, memory, and I/O all integrated into one chip.
How do embedded systems differ from conventional computing?
Embedded systems are reactive and concurrent, while conventional computing is transformational.
What type of vehicles uses embedded systems for underwater exploration?
Underwater Vehicles.
What type of systems rely on microprocessors for calculations?
Computation systems.
What are some characteristics of the memory and cost of embedded systems?
Limited memory, low cost, and fewer power consumptions.
Which system consumes less space and power, microprocessor or microcontroller?
Microcontroller systems consume less space and power.
What is an example of an embedded system used in industrial robotics?
Industrial Robots.
What is considered a bad behavior in embedded systems?
Termination.
Where is a microcontroller commonly used?
In embedded systems.
What are the key characteristics of embedded systems?
They are task-specific, have real-time performance, and are often resource-constrained.
What type of bus does a microcontroller use?
An internal controlling bus.
Which entertainment device utilizes microcontrollers?
CD/DVD players.
What type of security device employs microcontrollers?
Security alarms.
Who developed the first microcontroller and in what year?
Texas Instruments in 1971.
What imaging device incorporates microcontrollers?
Cameras.
What is one of the most popular Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS) in use today?
QNX (pronounced 'queue nicks').
In what applications is QNX used?
Medical instrumentation, monitoring nuclear reactors, traffic lights, and industrial process control.
What household device uses microcontrollers for operation?
Washing machines.
What is the task orientation of a microcontroller?
It is a single task oriented system.
How does memory and I/O port configuration differ between microprocessors and microcontrollers?
Microprocessors allow you to decide the number of memory or I/O ports needed, while microcontrollers have a fixed number.
What was the first embedded operating system released and when?
VxWorks by Wind River in 1987.
When was Microsoft's Windows Embedded CE released?
In 1996.
In what sector are microprocessors used for strategic operations?
Military applications.
What must an embedded system be connected to for input and output?
Peripherals.
What are two advantages of embedded systems?
High reliability and stability.
What architecture do microcontrollers use?
Harvard architecture.
Which medical device is used for administering medication and is an application of embedded systems?
Infusion Pumps.
What was the first embedded system developed for?
The Apollo Guidance System in 1960.
Which company developed the D-17B computer for the Minuteman missile guidance system?
Autonetics in 1965.
Which kitchen appliance is controlled by microcontrollers?
Microwave oven.
What was the estimated size of the embedded market in 2013?
$140 billion.
What embedded system is used for managing ignition in vehicles?
Ignition System.
