Global case studies 30.9.24

It has been justified as supporting a legitimate government but has also exacerbated the conflict.

They were often criticized for being ineffective at protection, experiencing peacekeeper abuse, and having a slow response.

The US justified the invasion by claiming the regime possessed WMD and had links to al-Qaeda, implicating it in the 9/11 attacks.

Extreme poverty makes individuals more susceptible to extremist ideologies, facilitating Boko Haram's recruitment.

It states that sovereignty is a responsibility, and intervention is required when states fail to protect their citizens.

They were a series of agreements mediated by the US aimed at addressing the conflict and promoting human rights.

To promote democracy, peace, and regional stability.

Divided lawmakers, societal conflict among major cultures, rebel groups fighting the state, and widespread famine have all inhibited development.

They imposed sanctions and proposed a peace plan to address the conflict.

The conflict involves a rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran, with Saudi Arabia intervening to prevent Iranian influence.

Social, economic, and environmental development.

Dependence on foreign aid, domination by a few states, and difficulties of unity due to regional divisions and competing national interests.

Strategic control over the Black Sea and demonstrating regional dominance to counter Western influence in Ukraine.

Boko Haram aims to establish an Islamic state governed by Sharia law and forbids Western education.

The replacement government became dependent on US troops and peacekeepers, leading to a lack of force when they pulled out.

UNAMSIL was deployed to assist peacekeeping and oversee disarmament, implementing the peace agreement.

The Gini coefficient measures income distribution, with a value closer to 0 indicating more equal income distribution.

It was held in 2007, marking a significant step towards stability after the civil war.

To create economic partnerships for economic growth.

It advocates and raises awareness, documenting the crisis and amplifying calls for sanctions.

South Sudan retained 75% of the oil reserves, providing substantial resource capital for development.

They unify efforts against the Assad regime and are recognized by external actors as the legitimate representatives of the Syrian people.

Greed is opportunistic, while grievance stems from deeper inequalities.

Internal displacement of Colombians, refugees to neighboring countries, and economic strain.

By providing revenue and power, while rural communities suffering from social and economic inequality became a source of support.

They did not engage with the Taliban directly but instead neutralized them, resulting in minimal peace.

The UN has attempted peace talks, mediation, ceasefires, and humanitarian efforts to address the conflict.

To monitor the ceasefire following the Liberian Civil War and support humanitarian assistance, promote security reform, and implement the peace process, including elections in 2005.

UNMIL disarmed about 100,000 combatants and secured about 21,000 weapons, greatly aiding in keeping the peace.

They compelled compliance with international nuclear standards but led to suffering among citizens and intensified anti-Western sentiment.

It aimed for a temporary peace process but illustrated the challenges of implementing ceasefires and negotiating political solutions.

Conflict destroys the fabric of society, erodes trust, and makes the state unattractive for investment and trade.

It has been criticized for being too low and not reflecting the needs of individuals in different countries.

Poor working conditions and child labor, highlighted by the collapse of a building that killed many workers.

Historical inequalities of wealth.

Guerrilla warfare, kidnappings, and drug trafficking.

It granted FARC permanent parliamentary seats, diminishing the legitimacy of political violence in favor of democracy.

It lends to countries, promoting economic reform but with conditional loans, transparency issues, and perceived western bias.

Significant sanctions from the EU, USA, and increased security tensions through NATO's presence in Eastern Europe.

To phase out CFCs, which has been highly successful.

Defined territory, permanent population, effective government, and the ability to enter into international relations.

Pure democracy, the power of social media, and financial transparency.

The UN's role included providing humanitarian aid, peacekeeping attempts, and facilitating political negotiations.

NATO intervened in Kosovo primarily due to ethnic cleansing occurring in the region.

It set a precedent for future military interventions that bypass the UN Security Council.

The intervention led to the toppling of Gaddafi's regime but resulted in chaos and civil war, raising questions about long-term planning.

The main causes of Hezbollah protests were Shi’a marginalization and state-sponsored terrorism supported by Iran.

External support from countries like Iran and Russia helped sustain the Assad regime against US and UK-backed opposition.

NATO was accused of focusing on regime change rather than protecting citizens, which some viewed as a form of US-backed imperialism.

NATO undertook a bombing campaign, which raised questions about the legality of bypassing the UN Security Council.

The Syrian conflict exemplified the inconsistency in applying the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine.

Hezbollah employed guerilla warfare, social services in hospitals and schools, and general terrorism.