What are the inner folds of the vulva called?
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Labia Minora.
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What are the inner folds of the vulva called?
Labia Minora.
What are the glands located near the urethral opening in the female reproductive system?
Paraurethral Glands (Skene’s Gland).
Where is the coccyx located in relation to the sacrum?
Below the sacrum.
What impact can the position of the uterus have on fertility?
It may interfere with fertility.
What is the sacrum?
The wedge bone at the back of the pelvis.
What is the term for the pink, reddened, slit-like opening marking the terminal or distal urethra in females?
Urethral meatus.
What is the fundus in relation to the uterus?
The top portion of the uterus, highly contractile and the point of attachment of the fallopian tube.
What is the diagonal conjugate in female reproductive organs?
The distance between sacral promontory and the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.
What is the function of the scrotum?
To support the testes and help regulate the temperature of sperm.
What is the true pelvis?
The lower, smaller but deeper part of the pelvis that must be adequate for the delivery process.
How does the false pelvis aid in childbirth?
It aids in directing the fetus into the true pelvis for birth.
What does 'intertrochanteric' refer to?
The distance between the trochanters of the femur.
Where are the fallopian tubes located?
In the female reproductive organs.
What is a gynecoid pelvis?
"Normal" female pelvis with a well-rounded inlet, most ideal for childbirth.
What is the length of the isthmus in the non-pregnant state?
1 - 2 mm.
Where is the biischial diameter measured?
At the level of the anus.
What does the round ligament support?
It supports the normal position of the uterus.
What are the boundaries of the outlet of the pelvis?
Coccyx, ischial tuberosities, inferior aspect of the symphysis pubis, and the pubic arch.
What are the nursing initiatives focused on in the Philippines?
Maternal and child nursing initiatives.
What is the function of the false pelvis during late pregnancy?
It supports the uterus.
What is semen composed of?
Sperm and seminal fluid.
What are the components of National Capacity to Sustain Maternal-Newborn Services?
Operational and Regulatory Guidelines.
What are the two very short tubular structures located inside the urethral meatus?
Paraurethral Glands (Skene’s Glands).
What is the function of the round ligament?
To maintain the normal position of the uterus (Anteversion).
What are the reflexes called that stimulate the expression of milk from the lactating breast?
Letdown reflexes.
What is one of the activities under the Operational and Regulatory Guidelines?
Mainstreaming FP in the regions with high unmet need for FP.
How can extreme abnormal flexion or version positions of the uterus interfere with fertility?
It may block the deposition or migration of sperm.
What is the Broad Ligament?
A double fold peritoneum extending outwards from the uterus and attached to the side walls of the pelvis.
What is the function of the vas deferens?
To carry sperm from the epididymis through the inguinal canal in the abdominal cavity, ending at the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.
What does the sacrum form in the pelvis?
The upper posterior portion of the pelvic ring.
What is the space between the inlet and outlet in the female reproductive system?
Pelvic cavity.
How does the transverse diameter compare to the anteroposterior diameter of the inlet?
The transverse diameter is wider than the anteroposterior diameter.
What is the endometrium known as after implantation?
Decidua.
What do the right and left Innominate Bones form?
The anterior and lateral portion of the pelvis ring.
What does the degree of movement in the Sacrococcygeal joint permit?
It permits the coccyx to be pressed backward, allowing more room for the fetal head during birth.
What is the average measurement of the biischial diameter in females?
11 cm.
Describe the platypelloid pelvis.
It has an oval inlet and a shallow AP diameter.
What does the external measurement 'Interspinous' indicate?
Distance between the anterosuperior iliac spines.
What is the interstitial portion of the fallopian tubes?
The most proximal division that lies within the uterine wall and opens into the uterine cavity.
What is the category of related structures for these hormones and reflexes?
Female Reproductive Organs.
What is the size of the prostate gland?
Chestnut-sized.
What are the external genital organs?
Organs located on the outside of the body, including the penis and scrotum in males.
What are the characteristics of the ovaries?
Freely movable, smooth, firm, slightly flattened ovoids, 4cm long, and 1.5cm thick.
What are the ovaries considered as in the female reproductive system?
Female reproductive organs.
What rights does the State recognize and guarantee for all persons?
The right to equality, nondiscrimination, sustainable human development, health (including reproductive health), education, information, and the right to choose and make decisions for themselves.
What are the folds of skin that extend downward from the mons veneris around the external vaginal opening?
Labia majora.
What is the fourchette?
The line of convergence of the labia majora and minora.
When are non-immediate interventions usually given after birth?
Within 6 hours after birth.
What structure is sometimes cut (episiotomy) during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening?
Labia minora.
What is the purpose of giving Vitamin K Prophylaxis to newborns?
To prevent Vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
What are the six signal obstetric functions in Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC)?
(1) Parenteral administration of oxytocin in the third stage of labor; (2) Parenteral administration of loading dose of anti-convulsants; (3) Parenteral administration of initial dose of antibiotics.
What is the middle layer of the uterus called?
Myometrium.
Where does fertilization occur in the female reproductive system?
In the fallopian tubes.
What are the internal female genitalia?
Vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
What are the four parts of the fallopian tubes?
What is the transverse diameter of the inlet?
13.5 cm.
Which hormone stimulates the expression of milk from the lactating breast?
Oxytocin.
Where is the point of attachment of the fallopian tube in the uterus?
At the fundus (top portion).
How does the curved passage of the pelvic cavity affect the speed of birth?
It slows and controls the speed of birth.
What is 'External conjugate / Bandelocque's' in relation to?
The distance between the anterior aspect of the symphysis pubis and depression below L5.
Which portion of the uterus is most commonly cut during cesarean birth?
The isthmus.
Where is the isthmus located in the female reproductive system?
Above the cervix, forming part of the uterus.
What is the function of the fluid secreted by the bulbourethral glands?
To counteract the acid secretion of the urethra and ensure the safe passage of spermatozoa.
What may inhibit the letdown reflexes in lactating women?
Fright, pain, or emotional stress.
What are the female reproductive organs that include the isthmus?
Uterus and cervix.
What is the shape of the ovaries?
Almond-shaped.
How is the progress of labor monitored in EINC?
Using a partograph.
What do the acini in the breast produce?
Milk.
How many convoluted pouches do the seminal vesicles have?
What is the time frame for care interventions provided to the newborn according to the protocol?
From birth until the first 6 hours of life.
What campaign was launched alongside the implementation of the EINC Protocol?
Unang Yakap campaign.
What is the purpose of Administrative Order 2011-0011?
Establishment of Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care Training Centers in Regional Hospitals and Medical Centers.
What is the shape of the uterus?
Flattened pear-shaped.
What is BEmONC?
Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care.
What is Republic Act No. 10354 also known as?
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Act of 2012).
What type of team conducts outreach services to remote communities?
An itinerant team typically composed of 1 physician (surgeon), 1 nurse, and 1 midwife.
What is the purpose of Administrative Order 2008-0029?
Implementing Health Reforms to Rapidly Reduce Maternal and Neonatal Mortality.
What is the abbreviation for Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care?
CEmONC.
What is the administrative order related to the provision of quality antenatal care in birthing centers and health facilities in the Philippines?
Administrative Order 2016-0035.
What is the penis?
The organ of copulation.
Who are the members of the BEmONC Teams?
Doctors, Nurses, and Midwives.
Where does fertilization of the ovum by the sperm occur?
In the Fallopian tubes.
What is anteflexion of the uterus?
The body of the uterus is bent sharply at the junction with the cervix.
What are the guiding principles declared in the Act?
Development as a multi-faceted process and comprehensive reproductive health program addressing the needs of people throughout their life cycle.
What is retroflexion of the uterus?
The body of the uterus is bent sharply just above the cervix.
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
Transport eggs, sperm, and zygote to the uterus.
What are ischial spines?
Small projections that extend from the lateral aspects into the pelvic cavity, marking the midpoint of the pelvis.
What is the composition of the nipple?
Erectile tissue that responds to tactile stimulation.
What are the guiding principles declared in the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Act of 2012)?
The provision of reproductive health care, information and supplies giving priority to poor beneficiaries and respecting individuals’ preferences and choice of family planning methods in accordance with their religious convictions and cultural beliefs.
What does the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law declare as guiding principles?
Active participation by NGOs, women’s and people’s organizations, civil society, faith-based organizations, the religious sector and communities.
What is the composition of the myometrium?
Muscles with very great expansile properties.
What is the symphysis pubis?
It is the junction of the innominate bones at the front of the pelvis.
How many small openings are there at the tip of the lactiferous ducts in the nipple?
15 to 20 small openings.
Where does the true pelvis lie in relation to the linea terminalis?
Below the linea terminalis.
What is the corpus in the context of the uterus?
The body of the uterus, forming the uppermost part and bulk of the organ.
What are the bulbs of the vestibule?
Paired elongated masses of erectile tissue located at the sides of the vaginal orifice.
What is colostrum?
A thin yellowish fluid composed of colostrum corpuscles, watery fluid, and fat globules.
What is another name for the true pelvis?
The bony birth canal.
What is the perimetrium?
The layer of peritoneum which covers the uterus except at the sides.
What are the primary female reproductive organs?
Vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
What is another name for the bulbourethral glands?
Cowper's glands.
What is the focus of the Annual Report 2017 by the Department of Health Philippines?
Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines.
What is the rounded, soft fullness over the symphysis pubis called?
Mons Veneris.
What is the coccyx composed of?
Five very small bones fused together.
What is the isthmus in relation to the uterus?
A constricted area immediately above the cervix.
What is the endometrium?
The inner lining of the uterus with a rich blood supply, about 1.5 mm thick.
What is the biischial diameter also known as?
Tuberischli.
From where do the broad ligaments arise in the uterus?
The sides of the uterus.
What are the components of the pelvis (Innominate Bones)?
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis.
What is the average 'intertrochanteric' distance?
31 cm.
Where are the bulbourethral glands located?
Beside the prostate gland.
What are the several muscles that are interwoven and superimposed on each other in the perineum?
Transverse, Bulbocavernous, Sphincter ani externus, Levator ani.
What hormones inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland?
Estrogen and Progesterone.
What is the term for the full dilatation of the birth canal during delivery?
Perineum.
What are the components of seminal fluid?
Epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland.
What is the purpose of the Operational and Regulatory Guidelines?
Identification and profiling of current FP users, identification of potential FP clients, development and dissemination of Information, Education Communication materials, and advocacy and social mobilization for FP.
What covers the Mons Veneris during functional years?
Course dark hair.
What are the characteristics of an anthropoid pelvis?
Narrow transverse diameter and larger than normal AP diameter.
What is the term for the shedding of the endometrium after delivery?
Lochia.
What happens to the hair covering the Mons Veneris after menopause?
It thins.
Where is the isthmus located?
In the uterus.
Which ligament connects the front portion of the uterus to the groin?
Round Ligaments.
What is the name of the bone that forms the lowest part of the vertebral column?
Coccyx.
What are the lobules divided into in the breast?
Several lobules.
Where are the ovaries located?
On the posterior surface of the broad ligaments.
What does the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law declare as guiding principles?
The right of each family to determine its ideal family size and the absence of demographic or population targets.
Who mandated the implementation of the EINC Protocol in public and private hospitals?
Secretary of the Department of Health Francisco Duque.
What are the layers of erectile tissue through which the urethra passes?
Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
What is the average measurement of the True conjugate/ conjugate Vera in females?
10.5 - 11 cm.
What is the focus of Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care (EINC)?
Eliminating unnecessary interventions during labor and delivery.
How long is the isthmus of the fallopian tubes?
Approximately 2cm.
What is the internal Os?
The opening of the canal at the junction of the cervix and isthmus.
What are some evidence-based standard practices for Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care (EINC)?
Eliminating unnecessary interventions in newborn care.
Where does the urethra lead from?
The base of the bladder.
What is the primary function of Leydig's cells?
Production of testosterone.
What is the length of the urethra?
8 inches (18 to 20 cm).
How does the external os change after childbirth?
It becomes a transverse slit.
What are the minimum neonatal emergency interventions provided?
What is the cervix?
The neck or mouth of the uterus.
What are the evidence-based standard practices for maternal and child nursing initiatives in the Philippines?
Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care (EINC).
What is the importance of the ischial spine in relation to the fetus in the birth canal?
It is important in estimating the level of the fetus in the birth canal.
What sensations is the clitoris highly sensitive to?
Temperature, touch, and pressure.
Where is the External Os located?
In the cervix.
With whom does the National Safe Motherhood Program collaborate for Maternal Death Reporting and Review System?
Provincial and City Review Teams.
What is the main function of the Seminal Vesicles?
To produce a significant portion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen.
What is the sacral prominence and its significance?
It is a marked anterior projection where the sacrum touches the lower lumbar vertebrae, serving as the landmark for pelvic measurements.
What subdivides the pelvis for obstetric purposes?
The line terminalis, an imaginary line.
What are the three main ligaments associated with the uterus?
What are the functions of the uterus?
What is the average distance for the 'Intercristal' measurement?
28 cm.
Which female reproductive organ does the round ligament support?
The uterus.
What are the components of lobules in the testes?
Leydig’s Cell, Seminiferous tubule.
What is the guiding principle related to enabling individuals and couples to have the desired number of children?
The State shall promote programs that enable individuals and couples to have the number of children they desire with consideration to health, resources, existing laws, public morals, and religious convictions.
Which ligament connects the back portion of the uterus to the sacrum?
Utero-Sacral Ligament.
What is the function of the epididymis?
Conducting sperm from the testis to vas deferens and absorption of fluid and addition of substances to the seminal fluid to nourish the maturing sperm.
When does ovulation typically occur in relation to the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation happens exactly 14 days previous to the first day of the next menstrual period.
What interventions are eliminated during labor and delivery?
Enemas, shavings, fluid and food intake restriction, routine insertion of intravenous fluids, and fundal pressure.
How does the urethra pass through the prostate gland?
Like the hole in a doughnut.
What are the narrow folds of skin and fibro-areolar tissue extending from the clitoris to the fourchette?
Labia minora.
What is the function of the penis in men?
To serve as the outlet for both the urinary and the reproductive tracts.
What is the role of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
It serves as a passageway for sperm, for copulation, and for menses.
What is the primary external male reproductive organ used for urination and sexual intercourse?
Penis.
What is the most distal segment of the fallopian tubes?
Infundibulum.
What are the six signal obstetric functions performed in BEmONC?
What is the external os?
It is a small, round distal opening to the vagina.
According to the Department of Health MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations, what is the reference year for BEmONC?
According to the Department of Health MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations, 2011, what is the purpose of Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC)?
To establish Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care Training Centers in Regional Hospitals and Medical Centers.
What is the first EINC practice during the intrapartum period?
Continuous maternal support by a companion of her choice during labor and delivery.
What is the purpose of examining the newborn within 6 hours after birth?
To check for birth injuries, malformations, or defects.
What is the focus of Administrative Order 2008 - 0029?
Implementing Health Reforms to Rapidly Reduce Maternal and Neonatal Mortality.
What is the focus of the guidelines in Administrative Order 2016-0035?
Provision of Quality Antenatal Care in All Birthing Centers and Health Facilities Providing Maternity Care Services.
What is the goal of the Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines?
To provide comprehensive and quality healthcare services for mothers and children.
What are the nursing initiatives in the Philippines related to?
Maternal and Child Nursing.
At what level is the inlet located?
At the level of the linea terminalis.
What is declared as a guiding principle in the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Act of 2012)?
Gender equality and women empowerment.
What is the average measurement of the diagonal conjugate?
12.5 cm.
What are the characteristics of colostrum compared to matured milk?
Contains more protein but less fat and sugar.
What is the purpose of AMTSL in EINC?
To actively manage the third stage of labor.
Which ligament provides support to the uterus and helps maintain its position?
Broad Ligament.
Which bone is part of the bony ring of the pelvis and is also part of the vertebral column?
Sacrum.
How many lobes are there on each breast?
15 to 20 lobes.
What are the guiding principles declared in the Act?
The provision of ethical and medically safe, legal, accessible, affordable, non-abortifacient, effective and quality reproductive health care services and supplies.
How can bonding between the mother and her newborn be facilitated after thorough drying?
Through skin-to-skin contact to reduce likelihood of infection and hypoglycemia.
What services should a facility provide to be considered as a Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (CEmONC) facility?
A CEmONC facility should provide caesarean delivery services, blood banking and transfusion services, and other highly specialized obstetric interventions.
What is the True conjugate/ conjugate Vera?
It is the distance between the anterior surface of the sacral promontory and the superior margin of the symphysis pubis.
How is ovulation calculated in relation to the menstrual cycle?
By subtracting 14 days from the usual menstrual cycle and counting one on the first day of bleeding.
What is the focus of the shift in ANC concept mentioned in the Administrative Order?
From the high-risk approach to the four-visit model of focused ANC.
What are the functions of the vagina?
Passageway for sperm's entrance to the uterus, for copulation, and for menses.
What are the primary male reproductive organs located within the scrotum?
Testes.
What are some unnecessary interventions in newborn care?
Routine suctioning, early bathing, routine separation from the mother, foot printing, application of substances to the cord, and giving pre-lacteals or artificial infant milk formula.
What does the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law recognize about abortion?
It is illegal and punishable by law.
What are Leydig's cells?
Interstitial cells in each testicular lobule.
What is the Cervical Canal?
The space between the external os and internal os.
What is the weight of a nonpregnant uterus?
60 grams.
Where does implantation of the fertilized egg occur?
In the endometrium of the uterus.
Where can the MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations be found?
What is the most prevalent androgen in the body?
Testosterone.
Where does the urethra pass through in males?
The shaft and glans of the penis.
What is another term for the female external genitalia?
Pudendum.
What is the role of the National Voluntary Blood Program in maternal-newborn service delivery?
Supporting the establishment of Safe Blood Supply Network.
What is involved in cord care as part of Essential Newborn Care Protocol?
Taking care of the newborn's umbilical cord to prevent infection.
What are the parts of the cervix?
External Os, Internal Os, Cervical Canal.
What is the significance of the Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines?
Addressing the healthcare needs of mothers and children to reduce maternal and child mortality rates.
Where can the MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations be referenced?
Department of Health MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations: https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/MNCHNMOPMay4withECJ.pdf
What are the Utero-Sacral ligaments composed of?
Folds of peritoneum extending backward from the sides of the isthmus and attached to the sacrum.
What happens to the isthmus during pregnancy?
It descends and softens, forming the lower segment of the uterine segment (Hegar’s Sign).
Where do the bulbourethral glands empty into?
The urethra.
According to the RPRH Act of 2012, what must the resources of the country be made to serve?
The entire population, especially the poor, while protecting the life of the unborn.
What is the composition of the breast?
Glandular, fibrous, and adipose tissue.
What are the boundaries of the line terminalis?
From the sacral prominence to the superior aspect of the symphysis pubis.
What are the six signal obstetric functions for BEmONC?
Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) includes the six signal obstetric functions: administration of parenteral antibiotics, administration of uterotonic drugs, manual removal of placenta, removal of retained products of conception, assisted vaginal delivery, and neonatal resuscitation.
What is the location of the outlet in the pelvis?
In the inferior portion of the pelvis.
What hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone.
According to the Act, can anyone be deprived of the right to have children for economic reasons?
No, no one shall be deprived, for economic reasons, of the rights to have children.
Where is the prostate gland located?
Below the urinary bladder.
What are the internal genital organs?
Organs located inside the body, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands in males.
Why is fundal pressure to facilitate the second stage of labor no longer practiced?
Due to resulting maternal and newborn injuries and death.
What information should the State equip each parent with, according to the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law?
Necessary information on all aspects of family life, including reproductive health and responsible parenthood.
What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
To secrete the viscous portion of the semen.
What is the focus of Administrative Order 2015-0020?
Guidelines in the Administration of Life Saving Drugs During Maternal Care Emergencies by Nurses and Midwives in Birthing Centers.
Where do the testes first form in utero?
In the pelvic cavity.
What do the policies and laws in the Philippines focus on?
Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives.
How does the nutrient content of the seminal vesicle secretion affect sperm?
It makes sperm increasingly motile.
What are the recommended time-bound interventions for newborn care at the time of birth?
How should normal testes feel?
Firm, smooth, and egg-shaped.
When is Vitamin K Prophylaxis usually given to a newborn?
Within 6 hours after birth.
What does EINC stand for?
Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care.
What does the policy issuance provide?
A package of maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition (MNCHN) services.
What vaccinations are usually injected within 6 hours after birth?
Hepatitis B and BCG vaccinations.
What does testosterone promote in the body?
Development of masculine characteristics and libido.
What does CEmONC stand for?
Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care.
What does the corpus spongiosum expand to form?
The glans penis.
Where can the neonatal emergency interventions be found in the MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations?
Department of Health MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations, 2011.
What is the width of the vagina?
About 14 cm.
What is the function of the pelvis?
To support and protect the reproductive and other pelvic organs.
Where are the Paraurethral Glands (Skene’s Glands) located?
Posteriolateral inside the urethral meatus.
Where are the Utero-Sacral ligaments attached?
To the sacrum.
What may produce letdown reflexes in lactating women?
Sounds of the infant crying.
How long is colostrum secreted postpartum?
Until about the 3rd day postpartum.
What should be done within the first 30 seconds of a newborn's birth according to the Essential Newborn Care Protocol?
Dry and provide warmth to the newborn to prevent hypothermia.
What do EINC practices stand for?
Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care practices.
What forms the upper and lateral portion of the pelvis?
Ilium.
What are the minimum emergency newborn interventions provided by Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC)?
What is the focus of Administrative Order 2016 - 0035?
Guidelines on the Provision of Quality Antenatal Care in All Birthing Centers and Health Facilities Providing Maternity Care Services.
Where in the male reproductive system are seminiferous tubules located?
In the testes.
What are the two projections at the lowest portion of the ischium upon which a person sits?
Ischial tuberosity.
Where do the ejaculatory ducts pass through?
The prostate gland.
What is the purpose of Administrative Order 2016-0035?
To provide guidelines on the provision of quality antenatal care in all birthing centers and health facilities providing maternity care services.
In accordance with what can individuals make decisions for themselves?
Their religious convictions, ethics, cultural beliefs, and the demands of responsible parenthood.
What is the outermost layer of the uterus called?
Perimetrium.
What is the function of the ejaculatory ducts?
To eject sperm and seminal vesicle secretions just before the release of semen from the urethra to the exterior.
What is the State's duty in line with the guiding principles?
To promote the right to health, responsible parenthood, social justice and full human development.
What are the intermediate results aimed to be achieved by the strategy?
How long is the infundibulum?
Approximately 2 cm.
What makes the pH of the seminal vesicle secretion more favorable for sperm?
The nutrients in the secretion.
What are the parts of the uterus?
Cervix, Isthmus, Corpus, Fundus.
What is the shape of the infundibulum?
Funnel shape with irregular processes called fimbriae.
What are the guiding principles declared in the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Act of 2012)?
The right to make free and informed decisions without coercion and respect for protection and fulfillment of reproductive health and rights.
What is the first intermediate result of the strategy?
Every delivery is facility-based and managed by skilled birth attendants/skilled health professionals.
What is the pH of the vagina?
4 - 5 (acidic).
According to the RPRH Act of 2012, what right shall not be subjected to any form of coercion?
The right to make free and informed decisions.
What is emphasized regarding the position during labor and delivery in EINC practices?
The position of choice should be allowed during labor and delivery.
What is the role of the Epidemiology Bureau and Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau?
Supporting Monitoring, Evaluation, Research, and Dissemination.
How long is the tightly coiled ductus epididymis?
Approximately 20 ft long.
What is another name for the mons veneris?
Pubis.
What is EINC?
Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care.
What are the accessory organs of reproduction?
The breast.
What are the four united bones that form the bony ring of the pelvis?
Right and left innominate bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis.
How long does it take for sperm to travel the length of the epididymis?
At least 12 to 20 days.
What is the function of the Utero-Sacral ligaments?
Supporting the female reproductive organs.
What is the anatomical location of the perineum?
It is a diamond-shaped area medial to the thighs and buttocks of both males and females.
How long does it take for sperm to reach maturation?
A total of 64 days.
What is the position of the uterus in anteversion?
The fundus is tipped forward.
What forms the prominence of the hip (crest of the ilium)?
The flaring superior border of the ilium.
What does the Essential Newborn Care Protocol focus on?
Globally accepted evidence-based essential newborn care in the first week of life.
What is the recommended time for skin-to-skin contact post-delivery?
Up to 3 minutes.
What right does each family have according to the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law?
The right to determine its ideal family size.
What are the markers used to determine lower pelvic width?
Ischial tuberosity.
Through what do the seminal vesicles empty into the urethra?
Ejaculatory ducts.
What is the goal of the Administrative Order in relation to antenatal care?
To improve the quality of antenatal care.
According to the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law, what is incidental to the advancement of reproductive health?
The mitigation, promotion, and/or stabilization of the population growth rate.
Where is the uterus located inside the body?
Inside the true pelvis, between the bladder (anterior) and the rectum (posterior).
How should women needing care for post-abortive complications be treated according to the law?
In a humane, nonjudgmental, and compassionate manner.
What are the four visits included in the visit model for antenatal care?
First visit: 8-12 weeks, Second visit: 24-26 weeks, Third visit: 32 weeks, Fourth visit: 36-38 weeks.
What guiding principles does the Act declare regarding care for women with complications arising from pregnancy, labor, and delivery?
They should be treated and counseled in a humane, nonjudgmental, and compassionate manner.
What are the female external genitalia collectively known as?
Vulva or pudendum.
What is the function of the prostate gland?
To secrete thin, alkaline fluid.
What is the lower part of the uterus called?
Cervix.
Where does the epididymis lie in relation to the testis?
Along the posterior border of each testis.
What is the collective term for the female reproductive organs?
Female external genitalia.
What is the main component of the epididymis?
Ductus epididymis.
What care is provided for the newborn's cord within 6 hours after birth?
Cord care.
What happens if there is hypertrophy of the prostate gland?
It interferes with both fertility and urination.
What is the Cervical Canal?
A part of the cervix.
Which part of the female reproductive organs is highly sensitive and important for sexual pleasure?
Clitoris.
What does the external measurement 'Intercristal' suggest?
It is suggestive only of pelvic size.
What are the measurements of the right and left oblique diameter of the inlet?
13.75 cm.
What are the two parts of the pelvis subdivided by the line terminalis?
False Pelvis and True Pelvis.
What is the focus of the Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines?
National Safe Motherhood Program.
How does the pelvic cavity help in preparing the lungs for good aeration after birth?
It helps to expel lung fluid and mucus.
What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
Release the matured ovum monthly (ovulation).
When is episiotomy performed in EINC?
Only when necessary.
What structures are contained within the perineum?
The external genitalia and anus.
What is the time frame for EINC practices for birthing mothers and their newborns?
Within 48 hours of Intrapartum period and a week of life for the newborn.
What is the position of the uterus in retroversion?
The fundus is tipped back.
In which country is the Republic Act No. 10354 implemented?
The Philippines.
Where do the seminal vesicles lie?
On the lower portion of the posterior surface of the urinary bladder.
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium.
When should the cord be clamped and cut according to the protocol?
After cord pulsations have stopped, typically 1-3 minutes.
Where do the labia majora terminate?
In the perineum.
What does Component A of the program support in the Philippines?
Local delivery of the Maternal-Newborn Service Package.
What type of procedure involves the isthmus of the fallopian tubes?
Tubal ligation or tubal sterilization.
What does Component A aim to establish and mobilize?
The service delivery network of public and private providers.
What are some initiatives in the Philippines related to maternal and child nursing?
Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines.
What is Operculum in relation to the cervix?
It is a cervical plug or mucous produced by the cervical glands (Naboth) that prevents ascending infection.
What initiatives are included in the establishment of reliable sustainable support systems for maternal-newborn service delivery?
a. Establishment of Safe Blood Supply Network, b. Behavior Change Interventions, c. Sustainable financing of maternal-newborn services and commodities.
Where is the vagina situated?
Between the bladder and rectum.
What is the approximate length of the ampulla?
5 cm.
What are the 3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue in the penis?
The corpus spongiosum and the corpora cavernosa.
What does the alkaline fluid from the prostate gland do?
It further protects sperm from being immobilized by the naturally low pH level of the urethra.
Which part of the uterus connects to the fallopian tubes?
Isthmus.
How does the prostate gland contribute to sperm motility and viability?
By secreting alkaline fluid that protects sperm and contributes to their motility and viability.
What is the prepuce (foreskin)?
A hoodlike fold of skin that covers the glans.
What is the upper part of the uterus called?
Fundus.
What marks the superior aspect of the inlet in the front?
The symphysis pubis.
What is the result of the contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscle?
Trapping of both venous and arterial blood in the 3 sections of erectile tissue.
What is the purpose of the pelvic cavity in reducing sudden pressure changes in the fetal head?
To prevent rupture of cerebral arteries.
What is the average 'External conjugate / Bandelocque's' distance?
18 - 20 cm.
What is the preferred position for pushing during the intrapartum period in EINC?
Semi-upright position.
What category do colostrum and matured milk fall under in terms of female reproductive organs related structures?
Breast and Lactation.
What is the purpose of subdividing the pelvis for obstetric purposes?
To aid in understanding the female reproductive organs and childbirth.
What is the main function of seminiferous tubules?
To produce spermatozoa through spermatogenesis.
What are the dimensions of the interstitial portion of the fallopian tubes?
About 1cm in length with a 1mm lumen.
In addition to standard functions, what additional service should Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) be capable of providing?
Blood transfusion services.
What is the focus of Administrative Order 2018 - 0003?
National Policy on the Prevention of Illegal and Unsafe Abortion and Management of Post-Abortion Complications.
What is the function of the scrotum?
To hold and protect the testes.
What is the emphasis of the Essential Newborn Care Protocol?
Care interventions for the newborn from birth until the first 6 hours of life.
What is the time frame for facilitating the newborn's early initiation to breastfeeding?
Within 90 minutes of age.
What are the guiding principles declared by the Act?
Effective and quality reproductive health care services must be given primacy to ensure maternal and child health, the health of the unborn, safe delivery and birth of healthy children, and sound replacement rate.
How can opthalmia neonatorum be prevented according to the Essential Newborn Care Protocol?
Through proper eye care, including the administration of erythromycin or tetracycline ointment or 2.5% povidone-iodine drops.
What is the function of the labia majora?
Protection of the external vaginal opening.
At what stage of intrauterine life do the testes descend into the scrotal sac?
Late in intrauterine life, about the 34th to 38th week.
What is the length of the vagina?
About 10 cm.
What critical capacities are established to provide quality maternal-newborn services?
Service Delivery Teams consisting of Barangay Health Workers and BEmONC Teams.
How long are the Fallopian tubes approximately?
10 cm.
What is the shape of the epididymis?
Comma-shaped.
What is the clitoris homologous to?
The penis.
Where is the external os located in relation to the ischial spine?
At the level of the ischial spine.
Where is the clitoris located?
Beneath the arc of the pubis, above the urethral meatus.
What is examined in a newborn within 6 hours after birth?
Birth injuries, malformations, or defects.
How would you describe the walls of the ampulla?
Relatively thin.
What is the main body of the uterus called?
Corpus.
What is the role of the Vas Deferens?
To transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
What are the outer folds of the vulva called?
Labia Majora.
What is the function of the bulb of the vestibule?
It swells with blood during sexual arousal.
How does the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the pelvis outlet compare to its transverse diameter?
The anteroposterior (AP) diameter is wider than its transverse diameter.
What is an android pelvis?
"Male" pelvis with a narrow, shallow posterior portion and pointed anterior portion.
What is the average distance for the 'Interspinous' measurement?
25 cm.
What does the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law declare as guiding principles?
Promotion and access to all methods of family planning, including natural and modern methods proven to be safe, legal, non-abortifacient, and effective.
Who is the promotion of people's right to health essential for, according to the Act?
Especially for women, the poor, and the marginalized.
What is the inferior portion of the pelvis?
Ischium.
Why is the True conjugate/ conjugate Vera a very important measurement?
Because it is the diameter of the pelvic inlet.
What are the potential benefits of delaying cord clamping?
Reducing the incidence of anemia in term newborns and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm newborns.
What is the isthmus in relation to the fallopian tubes?
The portion that is cut or sealed in a tubal ligation or tubal sterilization procedure.
What do the ejaculatory ducts join to before terminating in the prostatic urethra?
The seminal vesicles.
What services can these facilities provide related to contraception?
Intrauterine device (IUD) and Voluntary Surgical Contraception (VSC) services, especially tubal ligations.
What are the components of the viscous portion of semen secreted by the seminal vesicles?
High in sugar, protein, and prostaglandins.
Which layer of the uterus is responsible for muscular contractions during childbirth?
Myometrium.
What is the function of the Fallopian tubes?
Convey the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus and provide a place for fertilization of the ovum by the sperm.
What is the longest portion of the fallopian tube?
Ampulla.
What is the goal of the policy issuance?
To rapidly reduce maternal and neonatal deaths.
What is the focus of the Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines?
Improving the health and well-being of mothers and children in the Philippines.
What does EINC recommend regarding mobility during labor?
The mother should still be mobile, within reason, during this stage.
What occurs in the ampulla?
Fertilization of the ovum.
What is the second intermediate result of the strategy?
Every mother and newborn pair secures proper post-partum and newborn care with smooth transitions to the women’s health care package for the mother and child survival package for the newborn.
What is the focus of Administrative Order 2008 - 0029?
Implementing health reforms to rapidly reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.
How are maternal-newborn services and commodities financed locally?
Through locally initiated revenue generation and retention activities including PhilHealth accreditation and enrolment.
What is the Internal Os?
A part of the cervix.
What initiatives are included in the Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines?
BEmONC Skills Training, Monitoring, Evaluation, Research, Dissemination, Maternal Death Reporting and Review System, and Annual Program Implementation Reviews.
What is the role of the Urethra in male anatomy?
To carry both urine and semen out of the body.
What is the purpose of injecting Hepatitis B and BCG vaccinations to newborns?
To provide immunity against Hepatitis B and tuberculosis.
What is the focus of Department Order 2009-0084?
Guidelines Governing the Payment of Training Fees relative to the Attendance of Health Workers to Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care Skills Training Course at Duly Designated Training Centers.
What type of organ is the uterus?
Hollow muscular organ.
In which types of facilities can BEmONC be established?
Regional Hospitals and Medical Centers.
How many Training Centers provide BEmONC Skills Training?
31 Training Centers.
What is the normal bacterial flora of the vagina?
Doderleins bacilli.
What is the term used to refer to the external parts of the female reproductive system?
Vulva.
What marks the inlet in the back?
The sacral prominence.
What marks the inlet on the sides?
The ilium.
What is the result of the dilation of blood vessels during the process of distention and erection of the penis?
Increase in the blood flow to the arteries of the penis.
What is the thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening called?
Hymen.
What is an inlet in the context of the female reproductive organs?
The entrance to the true pelvis.
Where can the MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations be found?
Which department collaborates for Behavior Change Interventions in maternal-newborn service delivery?
Health Promotion and Communication Service.
Who must the State fully guarantee the right to make free and informed decisions?
Every person, particularly couples, adult individuals, women, and adolescents.
What is recommended as non-drug pain relief in EINC before offering labor anesthesia?
Non-drug pain relief methods.
What does Administrative Order 2008-0029 aim to implement?
Health reforms to rapidly reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.
What happens to the blood vessels during the process of distention and erection of the penis?
They dilate.
Where is the opening for urine excretion located in the female reproductive organs?
Urethral meatus.
What is the function of the Epididymis?
To store and transport sperm produced in the testes.
What is the role of the clitoris in female catheterization?
It serves as a landmark in locating the urethral meatus.
Who is involved in the Annual Program Implementation Reviews?
Provincial Health Officers and Regional Coordinators.
What is the function of the Prostate Gland?
To produce a fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.
What is the area between the anus and the vaginal opening called?
Perineum.
Which individuals' rights and welfare are sought to be promoted by the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Act of 2012)?
Couples, adult individuals, women, and adolescents.
What is released from the endothelium of the blood vessels during the process of distention and erection of the penis?
Nitric oxide.
What muscle contracts at the base of the penis during the process of distention and erection?
Ischiocavernosus muscle.
What is the stimulus for the distention and erection of the penis?
(+) sexual excitement.
Where do the Ejaculatory Ducts transport sperm from?
From the vas deferens to the urethra.
What is the ultimate result of the process of distention and erection of the penis?
Distention and erection of the penis.
What do the Bulbourethral Glands secrete?
A clear, viscous fluid that lubricates the urethra for sperm to pass through.
