What is anteflexion of the uterus?
Click to see answer
The body of the uterus is bent sharply at the junction with the cervix.
Click to see question
What is anteflexion of the uterus?
The body of the uterus is bent sharply at the junction with the cervix.
What are the guiding principles declared in the Act?
Development as a multi-faceted process and comprehensive reproductive health program addressing the needs of people throughout their life cycle.
What is the function of the scrotum?
To support the testes and help regulate the temperature of sperm.
What is retroflexion of the uterus?
The body of the uterus is bent sharply just above the cervix.
How can extreme abnormal flexion or version positions of the uterus interfere with fertility?
It may block the deposition or migration of sperm.
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
Transport eggs, sperm, and zygote to the uterus.
What is the middle layer of the uterus called?
Myometrium.
What are ischial spines?
Small projections that extend from the lateral aspects into the pelvic cavity, marking the midpoint of the pelvis.
What is the function of the false pelvis during late pregnancy?
It supports the uterus.
What is the composition of the nipple?
Erectile tissue that responds to tactile stimulation.
What are the guiding principles declared in the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Act of 2012)?
The provision of reproductive health care, information and supplies giving priority to poor beneficiaries and respecting individuals’ preferences and choice of family planning methods in accordance with their religious convictions and cultural beliefs.
What is the true pelvis?
The lower, smaller but deeper part of the pelvis that must be adequate for the delivery process.
What does the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law declare as guiding principles?
Active participation by NGOs, women’s and people’s organizations, civil society, faith-based organizations, the religious sector and communities.
What is the Broad Ligament?
A double fold peritoneum extending outwards from the uterus and attached to the side walls of the pelvis.
What is the composition of the myometrium?
Muscles with very great expansile properties.
Where does fertilization occur in the female reproductive system?
In the fallopian tubes.
What impact can the position of the uterus have on fertility?
It may interfere with fertility.
What is the symphysis pubis?
It is the junction of the innominate bones at the front of the pelvis.
How many small openings are there at the tip of the lactiferous ducts in the nipple?
15 to 20 small openings.
Where does the true pelvis lie in relation to the linea terminalis?
Below the linea terminalis.
How does the false pelvis aid in childbirth?
It aids in directing the fetus into the true pelvis for birth.
What are the internal female genitalia?
Vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
What is the sacrum?
The wedge bone at the back of the pelvis.
What is the corpus in the context of the uterus?
The body of the uterus, forming the uppermost part and bulk of the organ.
What are the bulbs of the vestibule?
Paired elongated masses of erectile tissue located at the sides of the vaginal orifice.
What is colostrum?
A thin yellowish fluid composed of colostrum corpuscles, watery fluid, and fat globules.
What is the function of the vas deferens?
To carry sperm from the epididymis through the inguinal canal in the abdominal cavity, ending at the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.
What are the four parts of the fallopian tubes?
What is the term for the pink, reddened, slit-like opening marking the terminal or distal urethra in females?
Urethral meatus.
What hormones inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland?
Estrogen and Progesterone.
What is another name for the true pelvis?
The bony birth canal.
What is semen composed of?
Sperm and seminal fluid.
What is the perimetrium?
The layer of peritoneum which covers the uterus except at the sides.
What are the primary female reproductive organs?
Vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
What does 'intertrochanteric' refer to?
The distance between the trochanters of the femur.
What is another name for the bulbourethral glands?
Cowper's glands.
What does the sacrum form in the pelvis?
The upper posterior portion of the pelvic ring.
What is the transverse diameter of the inlet?
13.5 cm.
What is the fundus in relation to the uterus?
The top portion of the uterus, highly contractile and the point of attachment of the fallopian tube.
What is the focus of the Annual Report 2017 by the Department of Health Philippines?
Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines.
What is the term for the full dilatation of the birth canal during delivery?
Perineum.
What is the rounded, soft fullness over the symphysis pubis called?
Mons Veneris.
What are the components of National Capacity to Sustain Maternal-Newborn Services?
Operational and Regulatory Guidelines.
What is the coccyx composed of?
Five very small bones fused together.
What is the isthmus in relation to the uterus?
A constricted area immediately above the cervix.
Where are the fallopian tubes located?
In the female reproductive organs.
What is the endometrium?
The inner lining of the uterus with a rich blood supply, about 1.5 mm thick.
What is the space between the inlet and outlet in the female reproductive system?
Pelvic cavity.
Which hormone stimulates the expression of milk from the lactating breast?
Oxytocin.
What is the diagonal conjugate in female reproductive organs?
The distance between sacral promontory and the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.
What is the biischial diameter also known as?
Tuberischli.
What are the components of seminal fluid?
Epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland.
From where do the broad ligaments arise in the uterus?
The sides of the uterus.
What are the two very short tubular structures located inside the urethral meatus?
Paraurethral Glands (Skene’s Glands).
What are the components of the pelvis (Innominate Bones)?
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis.
What is the average 'intertrochanteric' distance?
31 cm.
What is a gynecoid pelvis?
"Normal" female pelvis with a well-rounded inlet, most ideal for childbirth.
Where are the bulbourethral glands located?
Beside the prostate gland.
How does the transverse diameter compare to the anteroposterior diameter of the inlet?
The transverse diameter is wider than the anteroposterior diameter.
Where is the point of attachment of the fallopian tube in the uterus?
At the fundus (top portion).
What is the sacral prominence and its significance?
It is a marked anterior projection where the sacrum touches the lower lumbar vertebrae, serving as the landmark for pelvic measurements.
What are the several muscles that are interwoven and superimposed on each other in the perineum?
Transverse, Bulbocavernous, Sphincter ani externus, Levator ani.
What is the purpose of the Operational and Regulatory Guidelines?
Identification and profiling of current FP users, identification of potential FP clients, development and dissemination of Information, Education Communication materials, and advocacy and social mobilization for FP.
What is declared as a guiding principle in the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law (RPRH Act of 2012)?
Gender equality and women empowerment.
What is the function of the round ligament?
To maintain the normal position of the uterus (Anteversion).
Where is the coccyx located in relation to the sacrum?
Below the sacrum.
What are the Utero-Sacral ligaments composed of?
Folds of peritoneum extending backward from the sides of the isthmus and attached to the sacrum.
What is the length of the isthmus in the non-pregnant state?
1 - 2 mm.
What is the function of the pelvis?
To support and protect the reproductive and other pelvic organs.
What is the endometrium known as after implantation?
Decidua.
How does the curved passage of the pelvic cavity affect the speed of birth?
It slows and controls the speed of birth.
What subdivides the pelvis for obstetric purposes?
The line terminalis, an imaginary line.
What is EINC?
Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care.
What covers the Mons Veneris during functional years?
Course dark hair.
What is the average measurement of the diagonal conjugate?
12.5 cm.
What are the reflexes called that stimulate the expression of milk from the lactating breast?
Letdown reflexes.
What does the external measurement 'Intercristal' suggest?
It is suggestive only of pelvic size.
What happens to the isthmus during pregnancy?
It descends and softens, forming the lower segment of the uterine segment (Hegar’s Sign).
Where is the biischial diameter measured?
At the level of the anus.
Where are the Paraurethral Glands (Skene’s Glands) located?
Posteriolateral inside the urethral meatus.
What do the right and left Innominate Bones form?
The anterior and lateral portion of the pelvis ring.
What is 'External conjugate / Bandelocque's' in relation to?
The distance between the anterior aspect of the symphysis pubis and depression below L5.
What are the three main ligaments associated with the uterus?
What are the accessory organs of reproduction?
The breast.
What are the characteristics of an anthropoid pelvis?
Narrow transverse diameter and larger than normal AP diameter.
What are the characteristics of colostrum compared to matured milk?
Contains more protein but less fat and sugar.
What is one of the activities under the Operational and Regulatory Guidelines?
Mainstreaming FP in the regions with high unmet need for FP.
What are the measurements of the right and left oblique diameter of the inlet?
13.75 cm.
Where do the bulbourethral glands empty into?
The urethra.
What does the round ligament support?
It supports the normal position of the uterus.
Where are the Utero-Sacral ligaments attached?
To the sacrum.
What does the degree of movement in the Sacrococcygeal joint permit?
It permits the coccyx to be pressed backward, allowing more room for the fetal head during birth.
Which portion of the uterus is most commonly cut during cesarean birth?
The isthmus.
What are the functions of the uterus?
What are the four united bones that form the bony ring of the pelvis?
Right and left innominate bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis.
What is the term for the shedding of the endometrium after delivery?
Lochia.
What is the purpose of AMTSL in EINC?
To actively manage the third stage of labor.
What is the purpose of the pelvic cavity in reducing sudden pressure changes in the fetal head?
To prevent rupture of cerebral arteries.
What are the two parts of the pelvis subdivided by the line terminalis?
False Pelvis and True Pelvis.
According to the RPRH Act of 2012, what must the resources of the country be made to serve?
The entire population, especially the poor, while protecting the life of the unborn.
What are the boundaries of the outlet of the pelvis?
Coccyx, ischial tuberosities, inferior aspect of the symphysis pubis, and the pubic arch.
What may produce letdown reflexes in lactating women?
Sounds of the infant crying.
What is the average measurement of the biischial diameter in females?
11 cm.
Where is the isthmus located in the female reproductive system?
Above the cervix, forming part of the uterus.
What is the average distance for the 'Intercristal' measurement?
28 cm.
How long does it take for sperm to travel the length of the epididymis?
At least 12 to 20 days.
What happens to the hair covering the Mons Veneris after menopause?
It thins.
Which ligament provides support to the uterus and helps maintain its position?
Broad Ligament.
What is the average 'External conjugate / Bandelocque's' distance?
18 - 20 cm.
What is the focus of the Maternal and Child Nursing Initiatives in the Philippines?
National Safe Motherhood Program.
What is the composition of the breast?
Glandular, fibrous, and adipose tissue.
What are the nursing initiatives focused on in the Philippines?
Maternal and child nursing initiatives.
How long is colostrum secreted postpartum?
Until about the 3rd day postpartum.
Describe the platypelloid pelvis.
It has an oval inlet and a shallow AP diameter.
What is the function of the fluid secreted by the bulbourethral glands?
To counteract the acid secretion of the urethra and ensure the safe passage of spermatozoa.
Which female reproductive organ does the round ligament support?
The uterus.
What is the function of the Utero-Sacral ligaments?
Supporting the female reproductive organs.
Where is the isthmus located?
In the uterus.
Which bone is part of the bony ring of the pelvis and is also part of the vertebral column?
Sacrum.
What is the preferred position for pushing during the intrapartum period in EINC?
Semi-upright position.
How does the pelvic cavity help in preparing the lungs for good aeration after birth?
It helps to expel lung fluid and mucus.
What are the boundaries of the line terminalis?
From the sacral prominence to the superior aspect of the symphysis pubis.
How does the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the pelvis outlet compare to its transverse diameter?
The anteroposterior (AP) diameter is wider than its transverse diameter.
What should be done within the first 30 seconds of a newborn's birth according to the Essential Newborn Care Protocol?
Dry and provide warmth to the newborn to prevent hypothermia.
What does the external measurement 'Interspinous' indicate?
Distance between the anterosuperior iliac spines.
What may inhibit the letdown reflexes in lactating women?
Fright, pain, or emotional stress.
What are the components of lobules in the testes?
Leydig’s Cell, Seminiferous tubule.
What is the anatomical location of the perineum?
It is a diamond-shaped area medial to the thighs and buttocks of both males and females.
Which ligament connects the front portion of the uterus to the groin?
Round Ligaments.
How many lobes are there on each breast?
15 to 20 lobes.
What category do colostrum and matured milk fall under in terms of female reproductive organs related structures?
Breast and Lactation.
What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
Release the matured ovum monthly (ovulation).
What are the six signal obstetric functions for BEmONC?
Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) includes the six signal obstetric functions: administration of parenteral antibiotics, administration of uterotonic drugs, manual removal of placenta, removal of retained products of conception, assisted vaginal delivery, and neonatal resuscitation.
What is an android pelvis?
"Male" pelvis with a narrow, shallow posterior portion and pointed anterior portion.
What do EINC practices stand for?
Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care practices.
What is the interstitial portion of the fallopian tubes?
The most proximal division that lies within the uterine wall and opens into the uterine cavity.
What are the female reproductive organs that include the isthmus?
Uterus and cervix.
What is the guiding principle related to enabling individuals and couples to have the desired number of children?
The State shall promote programs that enable individuals and couples to have the number of children they desire with consideration to health, resources, existing laws, public morals, and religious convictions.
How long does it take for sperm to reach maturation?
A total of 64 days.
What is the name of the bone that forms the lowest part of the vertebral column?
Coccyx.
What are the guiding principles declared in the Act?
The provision of ethical and medically safe, legal, accessible, affordable, non-abortifacient, effective and quality reproductive health care services and supplies.
When is episiotomy performed in EINC?
Only when necessary.
What is the purpose of subdividing the pelvis for obstetric purposes?
To aid in understanding the female reproductive organs and childbirth.
What is the location of the outlet in the pelvis?
In the inferior portion of the pelvis.
What is the average distance for the 'Interspinous' measurement?
25 cm.
What forms the upper and lateral portion of the pelvis?
Ilium.
What is the category of related structures for these hormones and reflexes?
Female Reproductive Organs.
What is the shape of the ovaries?
Almond-shaped.
Which ligament connects the back portion of the uterus to the sacrum?
Utero-Sacral Ligament.
What is the position of the uterus in anteversion?
The fundus is tipped forward.
What are the lobules divided into in the breast?
Several lobules.
How can bonding between the mother and her newborn be facilitated after thorough drying?
Through skin-to-skin contact to reduce likelihood of infection and hypoglycemia.
What structures are contained within the perineum?
The external genitalia and anus.
What is the main function of seminiferous tubules?
To produce spermatozoa through spermatogenesis.
What hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone.
What does the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law declare as guiding principles?
Promotion and access to all methods of family planning, including natural and modern methods proven to be safe, legal, non-abortifacient, and effective.
What are the minimum emergency newborn interventions provided by Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC)?
What is the size of the prostate gland?
Chestnut-sized.
How is the progress of labor monitored in EINC?
Using a partograph.
What is the function of the epididymis?
Conducting sperm from the testis to vas deferens and absorption of fluid and addition of substances to the seminal fluid to nourish the maturing sperm.
What forms the prominence of the hip (crest of the ilium)?
The flaring superior border of the ilium.
What services should a facility provide to be considered as a Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (CEmONC) facility?
A CEmONC facility should provide caesarean delivery services, blood banking and transfusion services, and other highly specialized obstetric interventions.
Where are the ovaries located?
On the posterior surface of the broad ligaments.
What is the time frame for EINC practices for birthing mothers and their newborns?
Within 48 hours of Intrapartum period and a week of life for the newborn.
What are the dimensions of the interstitial portion of the fallopian tubes?
About 1cm in length with a 1mm lumen.
According to the Act, can anyone be deprived of the right to have children for economic reasons?
No, no one shall be deprived, for economic reasons, of the rights to have children.
Who is the promotion of people's right to health essential for, according to the Act?
Especially for women, the poor, and the marginalized.
What is the focus of Administrative Order 2016 - 0035?
Guidelines on the Provision of Quality Antenatal Care in All Birthing Centers and Health Facilities Providing Maternity Care Services.
What are the external genital organs?
Organs located on the outside of the body, including the penis and scrotum in males.
What do the acini in the breast produce?
Milk.
When does ovulation typically occur in relation to the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation happens exactly 14 days previous to the first day of the next menstrual period.
What does the Essential Newborn Care Protocol focus on?
Globally accepted evidence-based essential newborn care in the first week of life.
What is the True conjugate/ conjugate Vera?
It is the distance between the anterior surface of the sacral promontory and the superior margin of the symphysis pubis.
What does the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law declare as guiding principles?
The right of each family to determine its ideal family size and the absence of demographic or population targets.
What is the position of the uterus in retroversion?
The fundus is tipped back.
In addition to standard functions, what additional service should Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) be capable of providing?
Blood transfusion services.
Where is the prostate gland located?
Below the urinary bladder.
What is the inferior portion of the pelvis?
Ischium.
Where in the male reproductive system are seminiferous tubules located?
In the testes.
What are the characteristics of the ovaries?
Freely movable, smooth, firm, slightly flattened ovoids, 4cm long, and 1.5cm thick.
How many convoluted pouches do the seminal vesicles have?
What interventions are eliminated during labor and delivery?
Enemas, shavings, fluid and food intake restriction, routine insertion of intravenous fluids, and fundal pressure.
What is the recommended time for skin-to-skin contact post-delivery?
Up to 3 minutes.
How is ovulation calculated in relation to the menstrual cycle?
By subtracting 14 days from the usual menstrual cycle and counting one on the first day of bleeding.
Who mandated the implementation of the EINC Protocol in public and private hospitals?
Secretary of the Department of Health Francisco Duque.
In which country is the Republic Act No. 10354 implemented?
The Philippines.
What is the focus of Administrative Order 2018 - 0003?
National Policy on the Prevention of Illegal and Unsafe Abortion and Management of Post-Abortion Complications.
What are the internal genital organs?
Organs located inside the body, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands in males.
Why is the True conjugate/ conjugate Vera a very important measurement?
Because it is the diameter of the pelvic inlet.
What are the two projections at the lowest portion of the ischium upon which a person sits?
Ischial tuberosity.
What are the ovaries considered as in the female reproductive system?
Female reproductive organs.
What is the time frame for care interventions provided to the newborn according to the protocol?
From birth until the first 6 hours of life.
How does the urethra pass through the prostate gland?
Like the hole in a doughnut.
What right does each family have according to the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law?
The right to determine its ideal family size.
What is the focus of the shift in ANC concept mentioned in the Administrative Order?
From the high-risk approach to the four-visit model of focused ANC.
What are the layers of erectile tissue through which the urethra passes?
Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
Where do the seminal vesicles lie?
On the lower portion of the posterior surface of the urinary bladder.
What is the function of the scrotum?
To hold and protect the testes.
Why is fundal pressure to facilitate the second stage of labor no longer practiced?
Due to resulting maternal and newborn injuries and death.
What are the potential benefits of delaying cord clamping?
Reducing the incidence of anemia in term newborns and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm newborns.
