SED6013 Textbook Ch2

Flashcards.

2 morphemes (recruit + ment).

3 phonemes (ch, ai, r).

Linguistic Phonetics.

It is almost always a vowel sound and forms the essential core of the syllable.

A phonetic variant of a phoneme, representing different sounds within a family of sounds.

By placing the IPA symbol within square brackets ([ ]) and using diacritic marks.

Morphemes that must be attached to other morphemes to convey meaning, like '-er'.

Patterns of movement of speech structures and the patterns of acoustic vibration generated by these movements.

A unit of speech consisting of one vowel or vowel-like element that may be accompanied by surrounding consonants.

Over 7000.

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Different letters or combinations of letters that represent the same phoneme in written form.

A sequence of two alphabetic characters that represent a single sound.

A consonant cluster consists of two or more consonant phonemes pronounced as separate sounds, while a digraph represents a single phoneme with multiple letters.

[ p_ ] indicates that the 'p' has been produced with no final burst of air.

A written record of the morphemic content of an utterance.

They denote sound locations at the beginning, middle, or end of a word, respectively.

4 morphemes (tele + vis + ion).

Because the relationship between spoken pronunciation and written spelling is often arbitrary.

Examples include -s (noun plural), -ed (verb past tense), and -ing (verb present participle).

A collection of meanings acquired when learning a language, including words and elements of meaning.

A unit that brings together a collection of sounds.

Vietnamese, as seen in the surname 'Nguyen'.

4 phonemes.

Prevocalic (before a vowel), postvocalic (after a vowel), and intervocalic (between two vowels).

As a socially shared code that uses arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of symbols to represent ideas, thoughts, and feelings.

Oral transmission through speech.

Phonemic distinctions are obvious to speakers of a language where they are phonemic, but nearly undetectable to speakers of a language where they are allophonic.

Over 100 symbols to represent consonants and vowels.

A bound morpheme that attaches to a base, either as a prefix or a suffix.

Different usage patterns within a language that can vary in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammatical construction.

Articulatory phonetics and acoustic phonetics.

Phonology studies the systematic organization of sounds in languages, while phonetics focuses on the physical act of producing and perceiving speech.

Written letters or sequences of discrete units in written language.

Phonemes can change meaning, while allophones do not produce a change in meaning.

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The story of the Tower of Babel.

The smallest element of a language that carries meaning.

Morphemes that can stand alone as words, like 'teach' and 'child'.

A unit of meaning in a word.

By clapping each time they hear a syllable, relying especially on the syllable peaks or nuclei, typically vowels.

3 phonemes.

Special marks that indicate modifications of a sound.

Individual segments or units of sound.

'Cats' is composed of two morphemes: 'cat' + 's', and 'cat' consists of three phonemes: /k/ + /æ/ + /t/.

They are characteristic of people who live in a particular geographic area.

A unique form of spoken language influenced by individual factors like regional and cultural background.

English has no words that begin with 'ng'.

CVC (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant).

See.

A standardized system of notation developed to represent the sounds of any language.

A part of a word associated with its primary meaning, such as 'happy'.

A group of people who live within the same geographical boundaries and use the same language.

The production and perception of speech sounds.

When allophones are not normally exchanged for one another in a certain phonetic context.

It is scientifically designed, with symbols representing articulators and arranged in syllable units.

They are placed between virgules or slashes (/ /).

Phonetic transcription represents sounds (phonemes), while spelling (orthography) represents letters (graphemes).

The phonological grammar of the language.

Open syllables end in a vowel, while closed syllables end in a consonant.

CV (consonant-vowel) and CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant).

CCVC (Consonant-Consonant-Vowel-Consonant).

Free variation and complementary distribution.

A basic sound segment that can signal a meaningful distinction between morphemes.

Monosyllabic contains one syllable, disyllabic contains two, and polysyllabic contains three or more syllables.

CVCC (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant-Consonant).

It makes a phonemic distinction between them, allowing them to form minimal pairs.

Fronted and backed variants of the /k/ sound are allophones in English but distinct phonemes in Arabic.

Dialects associate with regional or social class, while idiolects distinguish individuals.

Morphemic, phonemic, and allophonic.

When allophones can be exchanged for one another in a given phonetic context.

Derivational affixes change meaning or grammatical category, while inflectional affixes do not.

The degree of divergence in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammatical structure.

Vowels are produced with an open airway, while consonants are produced with a narrowed or constricted airway.

To assign one symbol for each distinctive sound or speech segment.

Pairs of morphemes that differ in only one sound segment, used to identify phonemes.