What is Ethics Pt1

The divorce implies a separation between ethical values and empirical reality, which sound metaphysics would reject.

The text suggests that the more genuinely rational philosophy is, the greater service it renders to faith, and conversely, a genuine Christian philosopher has a deeper appreciation of reason.

Living well is about acting in a way that is worthy of a human being, while living happily may not necessarily align with that standard.

Moral rules are not really dependent on basic principles, as different moral systems can arrive at similar practical conclusions.

Many writers, particularly in the Anglo-Saxon world, make a distinction between the two terms, implying that 'ethics' suggests a substantive form of 'science' or 'philosophy'.

The moral philosopher is not in a position to act as a moral arbiter except in a very restricted sense.

It can help illuminate complex situations and lead to appropriate solutions.

Ethics involves categorical obligations and duties, while the art of living happily is more about descriptions of mores and techniques for happiness.

Ethics is incorporated into the Christian synthesis, studying the structures and requirements that align with Christian values.

There is considerable diversity in moral judgments, which seems to exclude the possibility of universally binding ethics.

Stevenson accepts the emotive theory and believes that ethical terms contain a descriptive element but derive their ethical character from their emotional coloring.

It is concerned with the determination of what is to be done or avoided.

Without a fundamental accord on the notions of good and evil, it would be meaningless to say that an action is good for some and evil for others.

The ethics of St. Thomas is often seen as an ethics of happiness, yet it definitely includes the notion of obligation.

Logical positivism, as expressed by thinkers like Ayer and Stevenson, argues that ethical judgments lack meaning because they cannot be empirically verified.

Philosophers of antiquity oriented everything towards the sovereign good, whose possession would bring happiness.

It is defined as the science concerned with what is worthy of a human being, emphasizing living rightly over living happily.

Human action is considered under the subjective aspect, as free and deliberate, distinguishing ethical actions from those performed inadvertently.

By drawing up rules for their correct usage and distinguishing instances of moral significance from non-moral significance.

It describes a close link between the notions of the good and the beautiful, leading to a confusion in their ethical thought.

In Kantian ethics, the notion of obligation holds an important and pivotal position.

The role of philosophy is to elucidate and interpret the primary datum of the moral world.

Philosophical ethics is concerned with the knowledge of morality that comes from the natural light of reason, rather than knowledge that comes through divine revelation.

The primary focus of ethics is the agent as revealed through their actions, rather than the successful completion of a task.

Philosophical ethics must address the problem of how to reconcile rational understanding of morality with the religious reality and values.

The text mentions that numerous objections have been raised concerning the legitimacy of ethical investigation, which are based on general grounds.

The goal of moral theorizing is to lay down the law, prescribing what should be rather than merely describing what is.

The Latin equivalent of 'Ethica' is 'Moralia', which was used by St Gregory the Great for his commentaries.

It indicates that prior to philosophical investigation, human beings have the power to lead moral lives.

Moralists judge and rectify human conduct by proposing rules, giving warnings, and providing counsels to guide individuals towards right living.

Ethics is not immediately actionable; it rectifies the intellect and is speculative, concerned with action through the rectification of the intellect.

A.J. Ayer argues that ethical propositions are neither true nor false, as they are merely expressions of emotional sentiments.

The distinction is significant because action is related to the internal motivations of the agent, while making pertains to external outcomes, affecting how ethics is understood.

No, ethics can only show whether a particular requirement is consistent with the individual's accepted principles or values.

It states that something good is to be done and something evil is to be avoided.

No, the objection does not prove that ethics is impossible or useless.

Ethics is concerned with what man ought to do to live as he ought to, attain his supreme value, and be true to his raison d'être.

If human freedom is lacking, obligation becomes meaningless; thus, ethics must acknowledge man's freedom.

Modern phenomenologists and sociologists provide neutral descriptions of patterns of behavior, excluding value judgments, similar to the moralists of the past.

The primary function of science is to know what is, not what ought to be.

Ethical propositions have meaning since the word 'good' signifies something, despite the challenges in defining what the good consists of.

They equate it with the logic of moral discourse, limiting its role to the definition of moral terms or facts.

He does not claim that the choice of a supreme principle or model of life is arbitrary and irrational.

Ethics is defined as the categorically normative science of human actions, pursued in accordance with the natural light which reason casts.

Reason is the basis for understanding and justifying the requirements of morality within philosophical ethics.

The text implies that ethical questions are of great urgency, particularly when addressing immediate needs such as food, clothing, and shelter.

The word 'ethics' is derived from the Greek 'ethos', which means custom, a habitual way of acting, or character.

The practice of morality has no connection with philosophical morality.

The Greek term 'Ethica' refers to what concerns human conduct, as used by Aristotle in his moral works.

No, the two conceptions of morality cannot be adequately developed independently of each other.

The primary concern of ethics is how a human being ought to act, especially in relation to their needs and the needs of others.

For John of Saint-Thomas, ethics becomes a practical science only when perfected by the virtue of prudence; otherwise, it remains purely speculative.

Ethics is described as a reflection on the vital problem of how to live meaningfully, making it an eminently human science.

From an etymological point of view, ethical and moral are synonymous, and the two words are often interchanged.

It refers to the logic of moral discourse, contrasting with older notions of ethics.

The statement expresses a subjective reaction rather than a verifiable fact, indicating aversion rather than conveying an objective truth.

He regards his proposed science of mores as the foundation for a moral art that will indicate what needs to be done for the well-being and betterment of society.

It presupposes a distorted analysis of knowledge, thought, and language.

Ayer claims that there cannot be such a thing as ethical science if it aims to establish a 'true' system of morals, as ethical judgments are mere expressions of feelings.

It suggests that classical Greek thought was less concerned with the objective necessity of the good and more focused on its attractiveness and desirableness.

G.E. Moore insists on the singular and irreducible character of the good, which he conceives as a 'non-natural quality'.

It extends to the more general determinations of what is to be done and avoided.

Ethics is normative with regard to the goodness of our living and the right orientation of our existence.

Aristotle distinguishes action as an internal process related to the agent's will, while making refers to external effects on matter, such as building or cutting.

An ethics of happiness may lack respect for individual autonomy, believing it can decide the path for individuals to achieve happiness.

Good, evil, just, unjust, right, duty, etc.

He views it as a contradiction in terms, asserting that ethics cannot be called a science because it prescribes what should be.

He is primarily concerned with discovering the logical significance of moral concepts and how they relate to non-moral problems.

The primary meaning of 'sucdh-' would be an action that is one's own or something that has been appropriated, like a home.

Lévy-Bruhl's objection stems from positivist and 'scientific' prejudices, rejecting the validity of metaphysical knowledge and denying a common human nature.

The term 'ethics' originated from the Greek word 'ethos', which was treated as a feminine noun in English, leading to the French 'éthique'.

The objection loses its force once it can be shown that there is a true moral experience and an authentic grasp of value.

They propose a 'science of mores' that treats the moral factor as one of many factors operative in society, focusing on describing customs and moral judgments.

Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics are mentioned as philosophers who discussed what is becoming to a human being.

Stevenson suggests that the judgment 'A is good' can be interpreted as either an approval of A or as a statement about A's qualities, combined with an emotional approval.

Obligation is seen as a datum of ethico-religious experience, appreciated through life's demands but not scientifically reflected upon.

Ethics is defined as a normative science of human actions and, consequently, of human existence.