What is the range of sensitivity for the DIAGNOdent Pen?
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0.16–1
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What is the range of sensitivity for the DIAGNOdent Pen?
0.16–1
What is the recommended diagnostic method for occlusal caries in permanent teeth?
Visual examination may be supplemented by DIAGNOdent for the diagnosis of occlusal caries.
What were some of the miscellaneous diagnostic modalities evaluated?
OCT, NIR, quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF)
What was the range of sample sizes reported for the first-generation DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence device (DD) studies?
30 to 433 teeth
What were the sensitivity and specificity values reported for DIAGNOdent Pen at the D1 histological level?
Sensitivity of 0.93 [0.82, 0.98] and Specificity of 0.88 [0.75, 0.95]
What is the reporting scheme of the review aligned to?
The recommendations of the latest PRISMA statement for diagnostic tests accuracy studies and the PICO framework.
What is the Sp range for the VistaProof fluorescence camera?
0.41 to 0.98
What was the range of sample sizes reported for visual examination studies?
25–4,112 teeth
What is the most common diagnostic method for caries detection?
Visual examination
What was the number of teeth under evaluation for the DIAGNOdent Pen?
37 to 621
What is the newer version of the DIAGNOdent device that can be used for the detection of approximal carious lesions?
DIAGNOdent Pen
What is the main reason why the QLF system appears under-represented in the review?
It has been studied with more emphasis on technical aspects than its diagnostic validity in a clinical setting.
What databases were utilized in the study?
The main formal databases utilized in this study were MED-
What proportion of the included studies presented a low risk of bias?
60%
What is the range of specificity for bitewing radiography in primary teeth?
0.78–0.99
What was the aim of the systematic review?
To appraise the evidence on the performance of various means for the detection of incipient caries in vivo.
What were the inclusion criteria for the studies?
Diagnostic test accuracy studies for early caries detection in permanent and primary teeth.
What were the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) ranges for DIAGNOdent Pen (DD Pen) in permanent teeth when histologic examination was considered as the reference for occlusal surfaces?
Se: 0.81–0.89, Sp: 0.71–0.8
What is the main limitation of the included studies in the review?
More than 60% of the included studies were characterized as having a high risk of bias regarding the reference standard.
What is the suggestion for future research in the field of caries detection?
More randomized controlled trials, with comparable protocols, experimental designs, and outcomes, are to be welcomed and valued.
What is the Se range for the CarieScan Pro device?
0.72 to 0.91
What was the breakdown of the publication years for the included studies?
22/51 were published between 2015 and 2019; 14/51 were published between 2010 and 2014; 12/51 in 2005–2009; and only 3/51 between 2000 and 2004
What was the most used reference standard for validation in the visual examination studies?
Histological examination and operative intervention
What is the recommended supplementary method for examining approximal surfaces in primary teeth?
The DIAGNOdent Pen may also be used as an adjunct to visual examination.
What is one of the oldest methods for caries detection that is often used as a supplement to visual examination?
Bitewing radiography
What is the potential of the VistaProof fluorescence camera in terms of Sp on buccal and occlusal surfaces?
Moderate-to-high
How does the performance of the DIAGNOdent Pen compare to bitewing radiography on approximal surfaces of primary teeth?
The DD Pen appears to be more valid than BW, with the added benefit of not emitting ionizing radiation.
What is the main limitation of the study?
The clear heterogeneity between individual study reports did not allow for many studies to be mathematically synthesized and the results to benefit the precision of the summary effect.
What was the reference standard used in one study for the SoproLife fluorescence camera?
Ηistological validation
What is the recommended diagnostic method for occlusal lesions in primary teeth?
Visual examination may be supplemented with the DIAGNOdent Pen for the diagnosis of occlusal lesions.
What is the Se value reported for visual examination for occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth in the study by Heinrich Weltzien et al. [2002]?
0.25
What was the overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for DIAGNOdent?
The overall DOR was 13.0 (95% CI: 5.25, 32.10), revealing 13 times higher odds for DIAGNOdent being positive in identifying true caries, compared to being positive when no true caries exist.
What is the aim of the review?
To compare all in vivo studies and frame future perspectives on the most efficient methods for early caries detection in the permanent and primary dentition.
What was the aim of the review protocol?
To answer the question: “What is the accuracy of different diagnostic tools for early caries detection in primary and permanent teeth, as reported through visual examination, radiography, fluorescence, ultrasonic detection, infrared spectroscopy, and others, compared against reference standards for caries detection (histological, microscopic, and operative procedures) regardless of the type of teeth, dentition and age of the patient population?”
How many studies were left for a full-text assessment according to the eligibility criteria?
271
What is the conclusion regarding the effectiveness of diagnostic methods?
Robust conclusions cannot be drawn regarding their definite effectiveness due to considerable variation in the Se and Sp values detected.
What is the range of AUC of ROC value for visual examination methods in permanent teeth?
0.56–0.96
What was the range of sample sizes reported for intraoral bitewing radiography studies?
25–4,112 teeth
What tool was used to perform the risk-of-bias assessment?
The QUADAS-2 tool.
According to the review, what may enhance visual examination in permanent teeth on occlusal surfaces and approximal surfaces?
DD on occlusal surfaces and BW on approximal surfaces.
What is the concern regarding the term 'early' or 'incipient' caries?
There have been different definitions for the term 'early' or 'incipient' caries over the years as well as various approaches for the management of these lesions.
What was the most common method for visual examination in the studies?
ICDAS-II
How many studies evaluated the SoproLife fluorescence camera?
4
What was the most used reference standard for validation in the studies?
Prevention and histological validation
What were the sensitivity and specificity values reported by Abalos et al. for DIAGNOdent?
Sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) and Specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.95)
What is the main focus of the systematic review and meta-analysis?
Assessing all available diagnostic methods for non-cavitated carious lesions in clinical trials.
What was the protocol of the Cochrane Collaboration followed in this review?
The protocol of the Cochrane Collaboration (2014; The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was followed in this review with Review Manager (RevMan v5.3.).
