Who proposed the RTW phases in 2005?
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Young et al.
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Who proposed the RTW phases in 2005?
Young et al.
What information does job analysis provide in rehabilitation?
Detailed information about major tasks, environmental conditions, and the capacities required for job performance.
What percentage of Max HR is considered for effort-related heart rate increase?
70% of Max HR or 60 - 85%.
What type of work rate analysis is most commonly used in work samples?
Methods - Time Measurement.
What type of results does the evaluation provide?
Results with 'scientific certainty'.
What is the purpose of the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire?
To assess perceived disability related to low back pain.
What does the Hand Function Sort assess?
Clients rate their ability to perform 62 work activities.
What is a key aspect of job analysis related to physical demands?
Body position.
What are some examples of physical/musculoskeletal evaluations?
Repetitive movement tests, Waddell’s non-organic sign, and placebo tests.
What is dynamic in relation to capacity?
The dynamic nature of capacity.
What is the focus of work conditioning in Occupational Therapy?
To restore the work performance skills of workers recovering from long-term injury or illness.
What knowledge is essential for effective work resettlement?
Common jobs in the local job market and local welfare policy & system.
What does a consistent response to a dermatome indicate in Waddell's Nonorganic Signs?
A score of 2.
What is the weight capacity mentioned in the BTE Work Simulator?
51 lbs and 101 lbs.
What should be observed and documented during the evaluation of pain?
Symptoms consistent or inconsistent with diagnosis.
What does 'risk' refer to in the context of work ability?
The chance of harm to the patient, co-workers, or the general public if the patient engages in specific work activities.
How is vocational rehabilitation characterized?
As a goal-directed, individualized active process.
What are dysfunctional attitudes related to chronic pain?
Beliefs and expectations about pain and disability that are unhelpful.
What factors are essential for successful vocational rehabilitation?
Individual participation, motivation, and effort, supported by the workplace and healthcare.
What is job analysis?
A process used to gather information and recommend work accommodations in vocational rehabilitation.
What is the Dallas Pain Questionnaire used for?
To evaluate the impact of pain on daily activities.
What psychological factor may lead to less than maximum effort?
Fear of re-injury or test anxiety.
What types of reach distances are measured in job analysis?
Vertical, horizontal, and lateral.
What does equivocal physical effort mean?
The term is used when the level of physical effort is unclear or ambiguous.
What indicates low effort in terms of heart rate increase?
Less than 25% increase in resting HR.
What is important to compare during distraction testing?
Observed function during distraction testing to client's reported tolerance.
What is the first step in designing a Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE)?
Referral.
What is a job task target?
A job task target is a specific physical requirement or performance goal for a job role.
What does BBA stand for in the context of workplace assessments?
BBA typically stands for 'Behavioral-Based Assessment' or 'Best Business Approach' depending on the context.
What indicates a positive category in Waddell's Nonorganic Signs?
At least one non-organic test in that category is positive.
What are the key components evaluated in job analysis?
Physical, cognitive, and emotional capacities required for job performance.
What does Methods Time Measurement (MTM) analyze?
Any manual operation or method into the basic motions required to perform it.
What does the basic standard in the stage model refer to?
Work hardening.
What are load limits in the context of physical strength testing?
Load limits refer to the maximum weight an individual can safely lift or carry.
What are medical restrictions?
Medical restrictions are limitations set by healthcare professionals based on an individual's health status.
What is one of the primary goals of work rehabilitation?
Maximize levels of function following injury and/or illness to maintain a desired quality of life for the worker.
What is the scoring range for the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire?
Scores range from 0 to 5.
What is the purpose of Baseline FCE?
To quantify worker traits in dealing with common physical work demands.
What is a work sample?
A defined work activity involving tasks, materials, and tools similar to those in an actual job.
What defines low physical effort in an FCE?
Lower effort on almost all tests.
What does Workplace Disability Management (WPDM) focus on?
The disablement process in its earliest stages after a work disabling injury or illness.
What is the employer's duty regarding workplace safety?
To make the workplace safe for employees and protect them from harmful accidents.
What are the relevant factors considered in job analysis?
Relevant physical demand factors.
How many items are in the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire?
10 items.
What aspect of job demands poses a challenge?
The dynamic and complex nature of most job demands.
What does Valpar CWS VCWS 9 assess?
Whole body range of motion, agility, and stamina through gross body movements.
What is the primary goal of medical rehabilitation?
To treat pathology and/or relieve symptoms.
How does work rehabilitation help prevent future issues?
By remediating and/or preventing future injury or illness.
What do the work samples simulate?
The work factors required in thousands of specific jobs.
What is assigned to each motion in MTM?
A pre-determined time standard.
What factors are considered when assigning time standards in MTM?
The nature of the motion and the conditions under which it is made.
What is a challenge related to the context of evaluations?
A complex legal and medical context.
What approaches to Return to Work (RTW) may involve interventions?
Both secondary and tertiary approaches.
What is the starting position for the Overhead Repetitive Reaching test?
Fingers on shoulders.
Who benefits from work resettlement programs?
Clients who need help finding a new job.
What emotional states are associated with chronic pain?
Uncertainty, anxiety, fear-avoidance, depression, distress, and low mood.
What are passive coping strategies?
Coping methods that are negative or lack proactivity in addressing pain.
What is the purpose of a Work/Occupation Specific Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE)?
To determine the potential for the worker to withstand the basic demands of competitive employment.
What factors affect general productivity?
Attendance, workplace tolerance, timeliness, instructability, memory, and concentration.
What characterizes high levels of physical effort (PE) in an FCE?
Consistently high level of PE throughout the FCE.
What type of heights does the BTE Work Simulator use?
Standardized shelf heights.
What is the first step in conducting Repetitive Movement tests?
Present the test instructions clearly to the client.
What does the Visual Analog Scale measure?
It measures pain intensity using a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS).
What are some responsibilities of OT in disability management?
Facilitating medical/rehabilitation services, arranging modified work, and monitoring progress and outcomes.
What is considered 'normal' time for some Repetitive Movement tests?
Approximately 7 seconds or less.
What is the purpose of establishing a baseline in the Hand Function Sort?
To compare progress.
What must be considered when designing an FCE?
Requirements of the job.
What role do pain questionnaires play in assessing pain reliability?
They are used for objective evaluation of pain.
What is meant by 'specific job' in the context of FCE?
The particular job the worker is going to perform.
What type of testing evaluates how consistently a person can perform tasks?
Performance Consistency Testing.
What is the purpose of the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire?
To assess the level of disability in individuals with low back pain.
What does workplace disability management aim to reduce?
The magnitude of work disability.
What is accessory motor recruitment?
The engagement of additional muscles during a task.
What is one duty related to productivity mentioned?
Holding the duty of safety guidelines.
What is the focus of disability management programs?
An approach to work injury management.
What do disability management programs provide?
Early, coordinated administrative and rehabilitative strategies.
What aspect of force is analyzed in job analysis?
Application and direction of force.
What travel-related information is included in job analysis?
Travel distances.
What is the focus of the stage model in relation to the labor market?
Job modification and compensation.
What is the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test used for?
To measure manual dexterity.
What does 'capacity' encompass in relation to work ability?
Concepts such as strength, flexibility, and endurance that are measurable.
What is the purpose of a job analysis in relation to FCE?
To identify the critical job demands.
What is 'tolerance' dependent on in the context of work activities?
The rewards available for doing the activity in question.
What does DOT stand for in the context of work demands?
Dictionary of Occupational Titles.
What happens to damages awarded for negligence or breach of duty?
They shall be reduced by the value of any compensation received under the employees' compensation claim.
What does RTW stand for?
Return to Work.
What role does vocational rehabilitation play in clinical and workplace management?
It is an integral part of all good clinical and workplace management.
What factors influence safety in the workplace?
Client's attitude toward safety rules, habits of safety behavior, and sensory capacity.
What does it mean to continue tests after the 'Stop' command?
Proceeding with the test despite being instructed to stop.
What does the BTE Work Simulator WEST - EPIC test?
Occasional and frequent lifting.
What body mechanics are assessed in Static Functional Testing?
Body mechanics are evaluated during the testing.
What does physical strength testing assess?
It assesses an individual's ability to perform physical tasks.
How can suitable WPDM practices assist individuals?
By helping people manage complicated long-term or chronic health problems.
What does the ECO preserve for employees?
The right to pursue common law remedies against an employer for injuries suffered at work.
What does Baseline FCE stand for?
Baseline Functional Capacity Evaluation.
At what levels can interventions for RTW occur?
At the individual, organizational, or structural level, or a combination of these.
What is the first component of FCE testing?
Intake Interview.
How are damages awarded by a court affected by compensation paid under the ECO?
Damages awarded will be reduced by the amount of any compensation paid or payable for the injury.
What is the first step in the Functional Capacity Evaluation process?
Referral.
What does lack of motivation in rehabilitation indicate?
A failure to take personal responsibility and an expectation for a 'fix'.
What are known risks in the context of health assessments?
Pre-existing conditions or factors that have been identified as harmful.
What is the primary goal of a work conditioning program?
To restore physical capacity and function to enable the client to return to work.
What negative consequences does work rehabilitation seek to prevent?
Deconditioning and the negative psychosocial consequences of unemployment.
What is conducted after the general health screening?
Initial interview.
What is Static Functional Testing?
It includes assessments like lifting, pushing, pulling, and grip.
What is vocational rehabilitation?
A process that helps someone with a health problem to stay at, return to, and remain in work.
What is the purpose of using a battery of tests in assessing pain and disability reports?
To evaluate the dependability and accuracy of a client's subjective reports.
What is the purpose of repeating the exercise as fast as able?
To time the performance.
What are some tools and equipment identified in Job Analysis?
Machines, tools, equipment, and work aids used.
What types of tests are included in the assessment of pain and disability?
Self-report, physical/musculoskeletal evaluation, and distraction-based testing.
What type of factors are considered in Job Analysis?
Environmental factors.
What is the purpose of healthy screening before assessment?
To identify potential health risks.
What type of factors related to safety are assessed in Job Analysis?
Risk factors.
What are facilitators in the context of Return to Work (RTW)?
Factors that support and promote an individual's successful return to their job.
What should be identified when designing an FCE?
Tests to be used.
How can workplace culture act as a facilitator for RTW?
A supportive workplace culture encourages employees to return and provides necessary accommodations.
What are risk factors in the context of an FCE?
Factors that may affect the individual's performance or safety during testing.
What is a key characteristic of symptom magnification syndrome?
The tendency to under-rate abilities and/or over-state limitations.
Is vocational rehabilitation considered a separate, second-stage intervention?
No, it is not necessarily a separate, second-stage intervention.
What do Transitional Work Programs aim to support?
Work performance.
What does Physical Effort refer to?
An individual's tendency to provide high levels of physical exertion during testing procedures.
What type of employment does a Work/Occupation Specific FCE focus on?
Competitive employment.
What is another movement tested in the Repetitive Movement tests?
Forward Repetitive Reaching.
What role does communication play in RTW adjustments?
Effective communication ensures that all parties are aware of the adjustments needed.
What is job analysis?
A systematic and analytical process used to understand, describe, and classify jobs.
What is the purpose of a work sample?
To appraise an individual's physical and mental abilities, interests, and other characteristics.
What indicates high effort in terms of heart rate increase?
More than 50% increase in resting HR.
When is a heart rate monitor used in Functional Testing?
It is used if indicated.
What do non-organic findings indicate?
They relate more to illness behavior than to underlying physical disease.
What is compared during the assessment of pain and disability?
A client's subjective reports of function are compared to their demonstrated ability during functional testing.
What documentation is included in job analysis?
Document job rotations.
Does the ECO limit an injured employee's right to seek damages?
No, it does not limit the right to seek damages.
What should the client do during the Overhead Repetitive Reaching test?
Reach vertically overhead as far as able, then return fingers to shoulders.
What does the Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC) score indicate?
It reflects the client's perceived ability to perform work activities.
What does 'increase risk' refer to in health assessments?
Factors that elevate the likelihood of health issues.
What are some environmental or social obstacles to returning to work?
Inappropriate medical information, lack of occupational health provision, and unhelpful co-worker attitudes.
What are essential job tasks?
Key responsibilities and duties required for a specific job.
What is illness behavior?
Actions or reactions of individuals who feel unwell, often to define their sick role.
What is a key aim of MOHO interventions?
Modifying or altering one's environment to promote opportunities for change.
What are illness beliefs and attitudes?
Personal perceptions and feelings about one's health and illness.
What is assessed after the initial interview?
Job analysis.
What feeling can impact a person's engagement in activities?
Feeling of fear.
What is the primary focus of the Biopsychosocial Model of Disability?
A problem-oriented approach to rehabilitation.
What is one primary source of information for job analysis?
Your client.
What is the purpose of job analysis in rehabilitation?
To assess job requirements and facilitate the return to work process.
What influences the return to work after injury or illness?
Physical, psychological, and social factors.
What defines the quality of productivity?
Output of acceptable units.
What is one reason for less than maximum effort in individuals?
Unidentified impairment or tiring easily.
How is Maximum Heart Rate (Max HR) calculated?
Max HR = 220 - Age.
What is the first stage in the stage model of industrial rehabilitation by Matheson & Niemeyer?
Specific employer work behavior.
What role does Occupational Therapy (OT) play in disability management?
OT acts as a work rehabilitation service provider and/or coordinator in the multidisciplinary team.
What is the main goal of vocational rehabilitation?
Restoring capacity for work.
What does job analysis comment on regarding work pace?
It comments on work pace.
What is work resettlement?
Placing a client in a suitable job.
What does the Purdue Pegboard Test assess?
Manual dexterity and fine motor skills.
What does work rehabilitation aim to facilitate?
The safe and timely return of individuals to work following injury and/or illness.
How does Occupational Therapy address differences in performance abilities?
By remediating or compensating for the differences in a timely manner.
What does VCWS 1 focus on?
Small tools.
What are pain behaviors and physiological markers used for?
To observe and document a client's response during testing.
Which component of FCE testing assesses the ability to handle materials?
Material Handling.
Which systems does work conditioning aim to restore?
Musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.
What is one role of Occupational Therapy?
Environmental Modification.
What role does communication play in facilitating RTW?
Effective communication between employers and employees can ease the transition back to work.
What aspects are examined in the physical examination of FCE?
Musculoskeletal system, posture, flexibility, range of motion, strength, and balance.
What influences the Return to Work (RTW) after injury or illness?
Physical, psychological, and social factors.
What does lifting involve in Physical Demand Analysis?
Raising or lowering an object from one level to another, including upward pulling.
What types of activities are typically included in a work conditioning program?
Aerobic conditioning activities and structured home exercise programs.
What does asking for extra practice time suggest?
A need for additional preparation before the test.
How is symptom magnification syndrome different from malingering?
Symptom magnification syndrome is not to be confused with malingering, which involves intentional deception for gain.
What should the evaluator do to facilitate the REG testing?
Hold the Jamar in a position conducive to resetting the gauge after each trial.
What role does positive reinforcement play in RTW motivation?
It boosts morale and encourages employees to stay committed to their recovery and return.
What is the liability of employers under the Employees’ Compensation Ordinance?
Employers must pay compensation to employees injured in the course of employment or to eligible family members of employees killed in work accidents.
What syndrome can cause individuals to exhibit less than maximum effort?
Symptom magnification syndrome.
What does a systematic procedure in job analysis quantify?
The physical, cognitive, and environmental demands of essential and non-essential tasks.
What is the primary goal of industrial therapy in occupational therapy?
To enhance individuals' work capabilities and facilitate their return to work.
How many times should the exercise be repeated at a comfortable pace?
10 times.
Who developed the MTM standards?
Maynard, Stegemerten, & Schwab in 1948.
What does FCE assess in relation to an individual?
Impairment or functional limitation.
What inappropriate attitudes can affect health care perceptions?
Beliefs and expectations about health care that are not aligned with reality.
What are barriers to Return to Work (RTW)?
Factors that hinder an individual's ability to return to their job after injury or illness.
What does vocational rehabilitation facilitate?
The journey from sickness to work.
What is one goal of workplace disability management?
Minimize loss in production.
What is the primary focus of MOHO intervention guidelines?
Changing one's occupational performance.
What is a false start in competitive test performance?
Starting before the 'start' command is given.
What type of tests are included in the Repetitive Movement tests?
Tests that involve moving through a certain functional range of motion while being timed.
What does job skills refer to?
The abilities and competencies needed to perform job tasks effectively.
What is a key focus of workplace disability management?
Preventing injuries or illnesses from becoming chronically disabling.
What type of assessment is performed after job analysis?
Functional assessment.
What aspects are considered when evaluating lifting activities?
Intensity, duration, weight handled, position of the worker’s body, and aid from helpers or mechanical equipment.
What are some tangible qualities to consider in work tasks?
Main work tasks, demands of the work, timing, duration, and skill level.
What does RTW stand for?
Return to Work.
How are Transitional Work Programs monitored?
Closely monitored.
What clinical guidelines are referenced in relation to work rehabilitation?
Clinical Guidelines on Occupational Therapy Work Rehabilitation Program.
What are the indirect costs associated with employee absences?
Indirect costs can include decreased productivity, lower morale among remaining employees, and potential loss of clients.
What aspect of employment do organizational psychologists study?
Job satisfaction.
What are some factors affecting a patient's physical effort during an FCE test?
Disabling pain, avoidance, test anxiety, malingering, desire to be believed, habitual disability behavior.
What is the threshold for a positive overall Waddell score?
3 or more categories are positive.
What does near full/variable physical effort indicate?
Effort is within a close proximity to full effort.
What weight-related factors are considered in job analysis?
Height of lifting/lowering and frequency of handling.
What does job analysis evaluate?
Jobs/tasks, usual duties, and available alternative/modified duties.
What types of movements are assessed in Dynamic Functional Testing?
Movements like leg lift, waist to shoulder, shoulder to overhead, pushing, pulling, and carrying.
What is the difference between unilateral and bilateral testing?
Unilateral testing assesses one side, while bilateral testing assesses both sides.
What does FCE stand for in a job-specific context?
Functional Capacity Evaluation.
What is one role of Occupational Therapy in acute injury and illness management?
Determine gaps between job demands and existing performance abilities.
What can the Hand Function Sort help identify?
Magnification of dysfunction.
What is an important aspect of the FCE testing process?
Testing approach.
What does the test format refer to in an FCE?
The structure and organization of the tests administered.
What cognitive aspect is commented on in Job Analysis?
Cognitive demands of the duties.
What is symptom magnification syndrome?
A self-destructive, socially reinforced behavioral response pattern involving reports or displays of symptoms to control life circumstances.
What does CMOP emphasize regarding occupational performance?
The link between occupational performance and health.
What are central nervous system symptoms that may indicate test termination?
Ataxia and dizziness.
What is created as a result of job analysis?
A detailed profile of the essential job tasks required for a particular job.
What sign indicates poor perfusion during a test?
Cyanosis.
What special testing is included in the physical examination?
Neurological testing and Waddell’s signs.
What types of data are considered for consistency between test batteries?
Subjective, objective, and functional data.
What is the importance of proper body mechanics?
To ensure workplace safety and prevent injuries.
What guides the design of a work conditioning training program?
Principles of exercise physiology.
What type of interventions provide the most meaning and impact for the client?
Interventions that relate to one's volition.
What impact do co-workers' attitudes have on returning to work?
Unhelpful attitudes and behaviors can hinder reintegration and job retention.
What factors significantly influence return-to-work outcomes?
Characteristics of the work environment, health care, and the insurance system.
What does physiological response to activity measure?
The body's reaction to physical exertion.
What elements can be modified in the work environment?
Lighting, layout, work-related tools, and devices.
Why is early contact with injured workers important in RTW?
It helps facilitate their return to work.
What is necessary for sustained work activities?
Symptom control.
What type of tasks are used in Transitional Work Programs?
Actual work tasks and environments.
What does the Oswestry Neck Disability Index assess?
It assesses perceived disability related to neck pain.
What assessment measures aerobic capacity in FCE testing?
Aerobic Capacity Assessment.
Who typically conducts job analysis?
Rehabilitation professionals.
What does VCWS 4 assess?
Upper extremity range of motion.
What should be noted regarding accommodations during testing?
Any modifications made to facilitate the testing process.
What is the focus of VCWS 8?
Simulated assembly.
How can negative emotions impact chronic pain management?
They can exacerbate feelings of distress and hinder recovery efforts.
Why is motivation important in RTW strategies?
It encourages employees to engage in the process and overcome barriers.
Who defined Workplace Disability Management?
Shrey (1995) and Harder & Scott (2005).
Why is adjustment important in RTW?
To facilitate a smooth transition back to work for the employee.
What is the significance of 'trial 3' in the assessment?
It indicates a specific stage in the evaluation process.
What is the focus of employability development?
Specific occupational group or job.
What is work hardening in occupational therapy?
A multidisciplinary approach that may progress to transitional work and involves performing job duties at the employment site.
What are the four key components of the Biopsychosocial Model in rehabilitation?
What is essential for meeting specific job demands?
Development of specific functional capacities.
What is done after the specific assessment on work capacity?
Result analysis & conclusion.
What is the fourth movement tested in the Repetitive Movement tests?
Repetitive Stooping.
What does Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) assess?
Safe job matches and reasonable accommodations for individuals.
What do the Readiness for Change Model and Phase Models of Disability emphasize?
The dynamic and evolving nature of the disability process and recovery.
What does satisfaction refer to in the context of work adjustment?
Being satisfied with the work one does.
How can FCE be used in relation to disability?
It may be used to make a disability rating for insurance purposes.
What is the focus of primary injury prevention?
Identifying potential areas of risk to prevent injuries.
What does satisfactoriness refer to in the context of work adjustment?
Employer’s satisfaction with the individual’s performance.
What is the role of multiple factors and stakeholders in return-to-work outcomes?
They affect the return-to-work outcomes across different systems.
What stage comes after Functional Limitation in the model?
Occupational Disability.
What is a job analysis?
A systematic approach to identify and describe the demands that a job places on a worker.
How can self-perceptions affect an individual's workability?
Self-perceptions of current and future 'workability' can hinder the return to work.
What should be determined to ensure safety during functional testing?
Appropriate stop points.
What body parts are involved in the assessment of VCWS 9?
Trunk, arms, hands, legs, and fingers.
What does 'work disability' refer to?
Individuals who have discontinued their participation in occupational activities, including time off work and ongoing work limitations.
What type of demands does Baseline FCE assess?
Common physical work demands.
What sensory changes are monitored during pre-test screening?
Changes in sensibility and swelling.
What is a common issue with sick certification practice?
It may not accurately reflect an individual's ability to return to work.
What factors are evaluated when assessing carrying activities?
Duration, weight carried, and distance carried.
Why is posture important when performing tests?
It can affect the accuracy of the test results.
Where are interventions more likely to be assimilated by the client?
In one's natural environment.
What are some common barriers to RTW?
Physical limitations, lack of support, workplace stigma, and inadequate rehabilitation.
Name one of the movements tested in the Repetitive Movement tests.
Overhead Repetitive Reaching.
What vital signs are measured during the physical examination?
Heart rate and blood pressure.
What are the facets of Physical Effort testing?
What does 'practice effect' imply in the context of these assessments?
Improvement in performance due to repeated practice.
What role do policies play in a WPDM system?
They guide the implementation of programs and services.
What does workplace safety encompass?
The ability of the client to follow safety protocols and use protective behavior.
What is maximal physical effort defined as?
The highest safe ability of a person during a Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) test.
What aspects are important for work performance?
Consistency of output and efficiency.
What are job accommodations aimed at?
Ensuring individuals can work safely and competently.
What is the first phase of the RTW process?
Assessment of the worker's capacity to return.
What is a significant environmental obstacle affecting workers' return to work?
Loss of contact and lack of communication between worker, employer, and health professionals.
What tools are mentioned for Work Capacity Evaluation?
FC, E, EvalTech, BTEPrimusRS, WCE, FCE.
What does a Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) assess?
An individual's capacity to perform work activities related to employment.
What recommendations can be made from an FCE?
Recommendations regarding future interventions.
What does work safety aim to prevent?
Adverse health effects caused by work or the working environment.
What factors are evaluated when assessing carrying activities?
Duration, weight carried, and distance carried.
What do fair hiring practices ensure?
Basic skill requirements are met while preventing injury and ensuring protection.
What is involved in Occupation Matching?
Aligning an individual's skills and abilities with suitable occupations.
How does Workplace Disability Management benefit workforce productivity?
By shortening or preventing health-related absences and reducing costs.
Can medical rehabilitation be sufficient for returning to work?
Yes, it may enable the person to continue or return to work.
What is reviewed after the referral in the Functional Capacity Evaluation?
Medical history review.
What methods are used in job analysis?
In-depth interviews with knowledgeable individuals or on-site job analysis.
What follows the medical history review in the Functional Capacity Evaluation?
General health screening.
What is Feasibility for Competitive Employment?
It is defined as the client’s acceptability as an employee in the most general sense.
What is a key component of a Work/Occupation Specific FCE?
Work simulation.
What is essential for adherence to safety in the workplace?
Following safety rules.
What behavior might indicate a desire to improve test scores?
Asking to repeat the test.
What does Work Capacity Evaluation (WCE) assess?
The suitability and capability of an individual for specific jobs or occupational groups.
What are the three main components of a Workplace Disability Management (WPDM) system?
Environment, Process, and Legislative requirements.
What belief do many employers hold regarding symptoms and return to work?
They believe symptoms must be 'cured' before allowing a return to work due to fear of re-injury.
What specific assessment is included in the Functional Capacity Evaluation?
Specific assessment on work capacity.
What interpersonal aspect is a key operational concern?
Interpersonal/work behavior.
What does a performance result of more than 2 CV greater than or equal to the cut point indicate?
An unreliable or inconsistent performance.
What are the two major predictors of work adjustment?
Satisfaction and satisfactoriness.
What is the purpose of developing targeted interventions in the Biopsychosocial Model?
To overcome obstacles to return to work.
What is the purpose of measuring client status in WCE?
To evaluate their functional capacity and readiness for work.
What aspects are important for the effectiveness of MOHO interventions?
Transitional/stimulating tasks and competency/confidence.
What is the purpose of a job site visit?
To gather firsthand information about the job environment.
How are cardiovascular measures used in Physical Effort testing?
They assess the heart's response to physical exertion during testing procedures.
What is the purpose of intake screening in functional testing?
To assess the individual's readiness and suitability for testing.
How are tasks structured in a Work Hardening program?
Tasks are structured and graded progressively.
What factors are considered when evaluating lifting activities?
Intensity, duration, weight handled, position of the worker’s body, and aid from helpers or mechanical equipment.
What should be considered when planning for a worker's return to work?
Barriers to return to work.
What is assessed after Occupational Disability?
Vocational Feasibility.
What aspects can a job analysis include?
Activities performed, how work is performed, outcomes produced, required skills and aptitudes, and the work environment.
What personal factors can influence return to work outcomes?
Individual health status, motivation, and personal circumstances.
Why is communication important in RTW actions?
It ensures all parties are informed and aligned on the employee's progress.
What is assessed in the motor pre-test screening?
Range of motion.
What is Workplace Disability Management (WPDM)?
A comprehensive and cohesive employer-based approach to managing the complex needs of people with work disability within a work environment.
What does a Work/Occupation Specific FCE assess regarding daily work?
Full-day workplace tolerance and daily attendance.
What does general productivity refer to in feasibility development?
Client's demonstrated work product or output.
What is a key action in RTW strategies?
Adjusting the work environment to accommodate the employee's needs.
What positive outcomes can be achieved through participation in work?
Positive health benefits.
What is cross testing in the context of FCE?
Using different tests to assess the same functional capacity.
What should be considered during pre-test screening?
Be aware of medications.
What is the purpose of vocational planning in rehabilitation?
To assist persons with disabilities in finding new careers following injury.
What drives a person to engage in particular activities or occupations?
Drive and motivation.
What is the purpose of Maximum Voluntary Effort testing?
To assess physical effort and performance consistency.
What does work transition planning involve?
Gradual work resumption.
How is spirituality defined in the context of CMOP?
As the essence of self, where determination and meaning are drawn.
How many repetitions should be performed during the REG?
6 to 10 repetitions.
What are signs of cardiac distress that may warrant test termination?
Increasing chest pain and noticeably changed heart rhythm.
What is the significance of the Bell Curve Analysis in grip effort testing?
It indicates high effort with different sized grip spans.
What follows pathology in the stage model of industrial rehabilitation?
Impairment.
What does a positive REG score indicate?
Lack of full effort (REG > MVE score).
What type of tasks are involved in a Work Hardening program?
Simulated or actual work tasks.
What is the second phase of the RTW process?
Development of a return-to-work plan.
What is a common issue related to policies for sickness absence?
Lack of suitable policies/practice for sickness absence and return to work.
What is malingering in the context of physical effort testing?
The act of feigning illness or disability to avoid responsibility or gain benefits.
What is meant by validity in selection principles?
Measuring what is intended to measure and predicting or reflecting performance of a target task.
What aspects does Work Hardening aim to improve?
Psychological, physical, and emotional tolerance, as well as endurance, general productivity, and work feasibility.
What does the fourth step in the Return to Work Hierarchy entail?
Return to work with a new employer/similar job.
What is another source of information for job analysis?
Advertisement.
What are the goals of Work Hardening?
To increase tolerance, improve endurance, general productivity, and work feasibility.
What does a job analysis help to identify regarding a worker?
The skills and aptitudes required to perform the job.
How can job satisfaction affect return to work?
Low job dissatisfaction can be an obstacle.
What aspect of self-perception does work rehabilitation aim to assist individuals with?
Resuming their role as a worker and enhancing self-confidence.
What is a key action in Return to Work (RTW) strategies?
Motivating employees to return to work.
What does Positional Tolerance Testing evaluate?
The ability to tolerate different positions.
What does VCWS 11 evaluate?
Eye-hand-foot coordination.
What cognitive aspect is evaluated in pre-test screening?
Understanding of instructions.
What does positional tolerance refer to in this context?
The ability to maintain a position during tasks.
What is one key operational concern in feasibility development?
General productivity.
How is workplace disability management defined?
As an intervention, a process, and an outcome.
How can setting achievable goals impact RTW motivation?
It provides a sense of accomplishment and encourages continued progress.
What do rehabilitation professionals focus on regarding jobs?
Job modification and accommodations.
What does the correspondence in work adjustment refer to?
The reciprocal process between the worker’s satisfaction and the employer’s satisfactoriness.
What are adaptations in work hardening?
Changes or reasonable accommodations made to assist individuals in performing their job duties.
What does the Biopsychosocial Model help identify in the context of rehabilitation?
Obstacles to return to work.
Why must occupations be relevant to the client?
To be effective.
What is the primary purpose of Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE)?
To ensure that the worker’s capacity and abilities match those of the job and the work environment.
What is the primary goal of Work Hardening?
To maximize the individual's ability to return to work.
What is biomechanical response to activity?
The mechanical effects of movement on the body.
What type of testing is Isometric Grip Effort Testing?
A method to measure grip strength and effort.
What does the second step in the Return to Work Hierarchy involve?
Return to work with the same employer/modified job.
What is the best place for rehabilitation according to RTW principles?
The workplace.
What is necessary for the success of return to work initiatives?
Coordination between various stakeholders.
What are the alternative names for Functional Capacity Evaluation?
Physical Capacity Assessment (PCA or PCE) and Work Capacity Assessment (WCA or WCE).
What is an example of using body mechanics to improve test performance?
Using tip toes to better access heights.
What is the role of RTW planners?
To ensure the plan supports the returning worker without disadvantaging co-workers and supervisors.
How does a client's response to supervision affect their work behavior?
It reflects their ability to accept guidance and feedback from supervisors.
What follows the pathology stage in the industrial rehabilitation model?
Impairment.
What types of environments can the workplace be categorized into?
Indoors or outdoors.
What is included in an RTW Plan regarding job title?
The job title and location of the injured worker.
What is the definition of carrying in Physical Demand Analysis?
Transporting an object, usually holding it in the hands or arms or on the shoulder.
What is the first step in the Rapid Exchange Grip Testing (REG) procedure?
Follow the 5-position static grip strength test.
What are the components included in the definition of work disability?
Time off work and ongoing work limitations.
What methods are used in work conditioning?
Circuit training and work simulation.
What are the two main aspects of quantity of productivity?
Sustainable output and activity tolerance.
How does symptom magnification syndrome affect functional performance?
There is a discrepancy between observed functional performance and subjective reports of limitations.
What is a key goal of Occupational Therapy in relation to work demands?
Performing work demands safely.
How quickly should the evaluee alternate hands during the REG?
As rapidly as possible (≤ 1 second).
What factors contribute to the speed of productivity?
Sustainable output and activity tolerance.
What does workplace disability management promote?
Return to Work (RTW).
What is a third movement tested in the Repetitive Movement tests?
Repetitive Crouching.
Which source provides details about specific job roles?
Job Description.
What are some factors that can determine stopping points?
Clinical presentations, psychophysical factors, biomechanical changes, and cardiovascular status.
Why is ongoing communication important in a WPDM system?
It ensures employee awareness among all parties involved.
What does a negative REG score indicate?
Full effort (REG < MVE score).
What role does protective behavior play in workplace safety?
It helps to prevent accidents and injuries.
What is the definition of safety in general selection principles?
Minimize the likelihood of re-injury.
What aspects does FCE assess regarding a worker's abilities?
Functional abilities and limitations, ensuring they are safe and productive.
What is the third stage in the industrial rehabilitation model?
Functional Limitation.
What are the three components of the person in the MOHO model?
Volition, habituation, and performance capacity.
Which occupational information databases can be referenced?
DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) and O*NET.
What is the third step in the Return to Work Hierarchy?
Return to work with the same employer/different job.
What is one benefit of returning to work early after an injury?
A quicker recovery.
What is the first step in the Functional Capacity Evaluation flow?
Referral.
How long does a typical Functional Capacity Evaluation take?
Usually one day.
What types of demands can create obstacles in the workplace?
Physical and mental demands of work.
What is Disability Rating?
An assessment to determine the extent of an individual's disability.
What considerations are taken into account when evaluating lifting?
Weight handled, position of the worker’s body, and aid from helpers or mechanical equipment.
What is essential for communication in the RTW process?
Employers and health-care providers must communicate about workplace demands, with the worker's consent.
What are test termination factors?
Criteria that determine when a test should be stopped.
What should be done after identifying the best setting for the evaluee in REG?
The evaluee must be blind to the results.
Who matches the compatibility of a particular job to the client?
Rehabilitation professionals.
What is the instruction given to the evaluee during the REG?
Switch hands rapidly while providing maximum grip effort on each trial.
What does 'Occupation' refer to in the context of CMOP?
Work/Productivity.
What systolic blood pressure change suggests test termination?
A significant drop >10 mm Hg persistently below baseline despite increased workload.
How is Return to Work (RTW) defined?
As a complex human behavior change involving physical recovery, motivation, behavior, and interaction with various parties.
What should be balanced when considering stopping points in therapy?
Safety and utility issues.
What should be considered if a subject requests to stop the test?
The request should be taken seriously and may indicate the need for test termination.
What is isometric grip effort testing?
A method to assess the strength of an individual's grip without changing the length of the muscle.
Why is repeating similar movements in different contexts important?
To assess consistency and adaptability of the client's performance.
What is the purpose of timing the movements in the Repetitive Movement tests?
To check for reliability and assess functional capacity.
Why is spirituality important for a person recovering from illness?
It helps in drawing determination and meaning for resuming daily occupations.
What does CMOP stand for in relation to the environment?
Canadian Model of Occupational Performance.
Who provides career counselling?
Vocational counsellors.
What are the components of the workplace environment?
Physical environment, social environment, institutional environment, and cultural environment.
What is interpersonal/work behavior in the context of feasibility development?
A function of the client’s ability to interact successfully with supervisors and fellow workers and to adjust to changes in job tasks.
What does it mean to be engaged in thinking about pros and cons regarding RTW?
Engaged in thinking about pros and cons.
What is the third phase of the RTW process?
Implementation of the return-to-work plan.
What is the primary concern in Stage 2 & 3 of work rehabilitation?
Impairment and functional limitation.
What stage comes after considering RTW but before making concrete plans?
Not actively engaged in making concrete plans.
What is a key action in RTW strategies?
Early intervention and assessment of the employee's needs.
Why are activities at work considered more therapeutic?
They promote recovery and engagement.
What is the purpose of placebo tests in clinical assessments?
To simulate an assessment that clinically should not impact the client.
What factors are evaluated when assessing pulling activities?
Intensity, duration, weight handled, position of the worker’s body, and aid from helpers or mechanical equipment.
Which test is used for assessing ankle dorsiflexion in relation to back pain?
Ankle Dorsiflexion Test.
Why is it important to match the testing protocols?
To ensure they are appropriate for the individual's capabilities and needs.
What key areas does a work conditioning program focus on?
Physical strength, endurance, flexibility, neuromuscular skill, and aerobic capacity.
How do employers often misunderstand common health problems?
They assume these problems automatically mean sickness absence.
What factors are considered in job analysis?
Environments, working conditions, training and education, physical activities, and levels of strenuousness.
What does HR response to testing indicate?
The physiological stress or effort exerted during the test.
What is work adjustment?
A continuous and dynamic process where a worker seeks to achieve and maintain correspondence with a work environment.
What is another key operational concern in feasibility development?
Safety in the workplace.
What can an employee in Hong Kong do if injured at work?
Claim compensation under the Employees’ Compensation Ordinance or through civil proceedings for common law damages.
What are the direct costs of employee absences to employers?
Direct costs include wages paid for absent employees and costs for temporary replacements.
What does FCE stand for?
Functional Capacity Evaluation.
What types of methods are used in Work Capacity Evaluation?
Standardized tests and therapeutic work simulations.
What is the final step in the Functional Capacity Evaluation process?
Reporting.
What type of database can be used for local job information?
Local database.
What does competitive test performance measure in Physical Effort testing?
It assesses an individual's performance in a competitive setting to gauge physical exertion levels.
What aspect of the client does the Repetitive Movement tests help to evaluate?
Illness behavior.
What active decision must a person make regarding their daily occupations?
To resume their daily occupations rather than remaining in a passive patient role.
How does pain affect a patient's performance reliability?
It can lead to disabling pain and avoidance behaviors.
What is Competitive Test Performance (CTP)?
The musculoskeletal and/or behavioral tendency to maximize one’s test scores and performance under evaluation conditions.
What is occupational disability?
A condition where a worker is unable to perform job functions satisfactorily due to an occupational disease or accident.
What does RTW stand for?
Return to Work.
What are perceptions that can act as obstacles to return to work?
Health and work perceptions.
What does the social environment encompass?
Barriers and facilitators within the workplace.
What does pulling involve in physical demand analysis?
Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves toward the force, including jerking.
What is reviewed after the referral in the Functional Capacity Evaluation process?
Medical history review.
What role do ergonomics considerations play in functional testing?
To optimize safety and effectiveness of the testing process.
What does actively seeking information and testing ability indicate in the RTW process?
Actively seeking information & testing their ability.
What is the definition of pulling in Physical Demand Analysis?
Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves toward the force, including jerking.
What is the significance of identifying suitable duties for a worker?
To ensure a safe and effective return to work.
What does Workplace Disability Management promote?
The early and safe return to work of employees.
What can enhance motivation for returning to work?
Support from employers and clear communication about job expectations.
How can occupational performance be increased according to MOHO guidelines?
By altering or modifying the client's environment.
What aspects are identified for modifications in Occupational Therapy?
Environmental and task modifications.
What are the key components measured in a Work Capacity Evaluation?
Client's functional capacity and analysis of specific job demands and work environment.
What does voiced frustration at errors followed by quick correction indicate?
An emotional response to mistakes, quickly resolved.
Which department is responsible for hiring, training, supervision, and appraisal?
Human resources.
What is the first principle for successful Return to Work (RTW)?
The workplace has a strong commitment to health and safety, demonstrated by the behaviors of all workplace parties.
What attitude is considered in the feasibility development process?
Behavioral attitude.
What is the first step in the Return to Work Hierarchy?
Return to work with the same employer/same job.
What factors are evaluated when assessing carrying activities?
Duration, weight carried, and distance carried.
What stage involves beginning to consider return to work?
Beginning to consider.
What does Work Hardening assist clients with?
It assists clients who are chronically disabled to work by remediating their occupational disability.
What does reliability refer to in selection criteria?
Consistency of a tool across evaluators, administration, scoring, and evaluee.
What does the term 'sub-maximal effect' refer to in grip effort testing?
A performance level that is below maximum effort.
What are the key components of interpersonal/work behavior?
Response to supervision, response to fellow workers, response to change, and general worker attitude.
How do rigid employment rules affect workers?
They create rigidity in duties and sick pay, and lack of modified work options.
What is the chronic pain cycle?
A cycle where chronic pain leads to disability behaviors, which can further exacerbate pain.
How is lifting defined in Physical Demand Analysis?
Raising or lowering an object from one level to another, including upward pulling.
What belief might prevent someone from returning to work until they feel completely healthy?
Beliefs that one cannot or should not become fully active until the health condition is completely cured.
What is utility in the context of selection principles?
The instrument and testing procedures are well designed to meet its purpose.
What is a key principle for the safe return to work of injured workers?
Having systems in place.
What is a key practice of Workplace Disability Management?
Minimizing the disabling impact of injuries and health conditions on employees, employers, and society.
Why is understanding the work environment important in a job analysis?
It helps to describe the context in which the work is performed.
How does low self-efficacy impact return to work?
Low self-efficacy can lead to doubts about one's ability to return to work.
What is the main focus of Stage 6 in work rehabilitation?
Employability development.
What are low expectations about return to work indicative of?
They indicate a lack of confidence in the ability to return to work successfully.
What details about work hours are included in the RTW Plan?
Hours and days to be worked.
How does a client's awareness affect test presentation?
It can influence their behavior and performance during the test.
What models are compatible in addressing Return to Work (RTW)?
The Readiness for Change Model and the Phase Models of Disability.
What is involved in task and activity analysis?
Examining job descriptions and person specifications.
What is the first stage in the industrial rehabilitation model?
Pathology.
What is the first stage of readiness for return to work (RTW)?
Not thinking about initiating behaviors.
What is the focus of work-focused healthcare?
To support individuals in maintaining their employment while managing health issues.
What is Work Hardening?
A structured, work-oriented, individualized treatment program aimed at maximizing the individual's ability to return to work.
What role does counseling play in the Biopsychosocial Model for individuals with fear of work?
It is provided by occupational therapy (OT) early in the rehabilitation process.
Who is responsible for coordinating the RTW process?
Someone must have the responsibility to coordinate RTW.
What is the purpose of job analysis in the context of workplace rehabilitation?
To identify suitable duties for the worker.
What is the goal of secondary disability prevention?
To prevent re-injury or new injuries.
What is the purpose of Job Task Matching?
To align an individual's capabilities with specific job tasks.
What is the first stage in the industrial rehabilitation model?
Pathology.
When might a therapist decide to stop a patient's activity?
At therapist discretion, especially if the patient's cardiovascular status is compromised.
What does the baseline assessment in work programs include?
An intensive, structured assessment of functional limitations, including physical demand factors.
Why is supervisor training important in RTW?
Supervisors are trained in work disability prevention and included in RTW planning.
What does a client's response to fellow workers indicate?
Their ability to collaborate and communicate effectively with colleagues.
What stage comes after impairment in the industrial rehabilitation model?
Functional Limitation.
What should a well-designed FCE consist of?
A battery of standardized assessments that provide performance-based measures and predictive value about return to work.
What is essential for effective recovery in the workplace?
Early reporting of injuries and early intervention.
What is conducted after the general health screening?
Initial interview.
What does the MOHO model emphasize regarding occupational needs?
The complexity of people's occupational needs.
Which department is associated with OSH legislation?
Labour Department.
What is evaluated after Vocational Feasibility?
Employability.
What is the significance of the job market in the MOHO model?
It relates to the opportunities available for individuals.
What is the commencement date in the RTW Plan?
The date when the RTW program starts.
What is the acceptable blood pressure during the intake interview?
BP < 140/90.
What is one common adjustment made for RTW?
Flexible work hours or modified duties.
What is the definition of carrying in physical demand analysis?
Transporting an object, usually holding it in the hands or arms or on the shoulder.
Do underlying medical conditions affect return-to-work outcomes?
No, the work environment, health care, and insurance system influence outcomes independently of medical conditions.
What might indicate a patient needs to stop a task?
The patient requests to stop or is unable to perform the required task.
What types of services are included in a WPDM system?
Programs and services designed to support employees with disabilities.
What does the Employees’ Compensation Ordinance cover?
Liabilities arising from personal injuries sustained by employees during employment.
What biomechanical factor might suggest a need to stop?
Observed postural changes.
What is the definition of carrying in Physical Demand Analysis?
Transporting an object, usually holding it in the hands or arms or on the shoulder.
What type of information does FCE collect?
Information related to the worker's functional abilities and limitations.
What aspects are included in the institutional environment?
Political, legal, and economic aspects, along with policies and procedures.
Why is physiological monitoring important during functional testing?
To ensure the safety and well-being of the individual being tested.
What does FCE help to estimate?
The worker's current productivity and future work status.
What does practicability refer to in selection criteria?
Availability and reasonable cost.
What organizational factors can hinder return to work?
Organizational size and structure, along with poor organizational culture.
What type of complaints from a patient might indicate a need to stop?
Patient complaints related to discomfort or inability to continue.
What is included in patient demographics during an intake interview?
Basic information about the patient such as age, gender, and contact details.
What follows the medical history review in the Functional Capacity Evaluation flow?
General health screening.
What aspect of health does work safety also focus on?
Mental health.
What technique can be used to compensate for asymmetrical weight?
Counterbalance.
What does the review plan involve in the context of workplace rehabilitation?
Assessing the effectiveness of the return to work strategy.
What is the role of follow-up in RTW strategies?
To monitor the employee's progress and make necessary adjustments.
How does the RTW Plan address medical needs?
It includes arrangements to attend treatment or medical appointments.
What does the RTW Plan specify about the length of the program?
The duration of the RTW program.
What type of insurance must all employers in Hong Kong have?
Valid employees’ compensation insurance policies.
What factors are considered in the quality of productivity?
Speed and error rate.
How can employee absences impact workplace safety?
Increased absences can lead to overworked employees, which may increase the risk of accidents and injuries.
What model is mentioned in relation to return-to-work outcomes?
Case Management Model.
What is the primary aim of work safety and health?
To promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers.
What does FCE stand for in rehabilitation?
Functional Capacity Evaluation.
What types of conditions does the Biopsychosocial Model consider in rehabilitation?
Acute and chronic conditions, along with red and yellow flags.
What cardiovascular factor is considered when determining stopping points?
Age-determined target heart rate.
What type of treatment program is offered by work programs?
Individualized, productivity-oriented treatment program.
What types of tasks are involved in Work Hardening?
Simulated or actual work tasks that are structured and graded progressively.
What guiding principle is associated with Stage 2 & 3?
Physiological principles.
What type of treatment program is Work Hardening?
A structured, work-oriented, individualized treatment program.
What is the fifth step in the Return to Work Hierarchy?
Return to work with a new employer/different job.
Who is another key source of information for job analysis?
Employer.
What is the stage that follows Employability?
Vocational Handicap.
What type of history is assessed regarding past medical conditions?
Medical History.
What is Functional Goal Setting?
Establishing specific, measurable objectives for rehabilitation.
What stage assesses the ability to work after Occupational Disability?
Vocational Feasibility.
What does an on-site study of a job assess?
Physical demands, machines, tools, and equipment used.
What is vocational history?
Information about the patient's past employment and job roles.
What is the ultimate goal of the industrial rehabilitation model?
Return to work management.
What is the primary goal of Workplace Disability Management?
To help injured or ill employees recover and return to safe and productive work activities as soon as medically possible.
What type of workplaces are essential for successful return to work strategies?
Accommodating workplaces.
How is lifting defined in physical demand analysis?
Raising or lowering an object from one level to another, including upward pulling.
What does Workplace Disability Management aim to manage?
Health-related absences from work and the risks that cause these absences.
What is a common perception that can act as an obstacle to returning to work?
Beliefs about being too sick or disabled to contemplate return to work.
How can employers mitigate the costs of employee absences?
Employers can implement effective return-to-work programs and promote a healthy work environment.
What method can be used to prepare individuals for specific job tasks?
Work simulations.
How does work safety protect workers?
By protecting them from potential hazards related to work.
What does 'habituation' encompass in the MOHO model?
Habits and routines.
What is a key outcome of conducting an FCE?
Setting goals and planning to match the worker's abilities with job demands.
What major physical abilities does an FCE focus on?
Musculoskeletal strength, endurance, speed, and flexibility.
What is assessed to determine job suitability for injured workers?
The match between the injured worker's capabilities and the critical demands of a specific job.
What are work barriers?
Obstacles that prevent individuals from returning to work effectively.
What environmental factors are considered in the MOHO model?
Access to work, opportunities, attitudes from co-workers or management, and stigma attached to disability.
What is the final stage of putting the RTW plan into action?
Putting the plan into action.
What should be known to prevent complications during testing?
Contraindications to testing.
What is a high risk factor during the RTW process?
High risk for relapse.
What is subjective pain report?
A patient's personal description of their pain experience.
What is assessed to evaluate competitive employment capability?
Ability to meet the demands of competitive employment, including worker traits and role behaviors.
What is the goal of stimulating work in rehabilitation?
To prepare individuals for competitive work environments.
What is the purpose of the Ergos work simulator?
It is used in Functional Capacity Evaluation.
What is industrial therapy?
A therapeutic approach applied in occupational therapy to improve work-related skills and abilities.
What effect do employee absences have on team dynamics?
Absences can disrupt team cohesion and collaboration, leading to inefficiencies.
How can work environments be adapted for better employability?
Through environmental adaptations, adaptive tools, equipment, and job process modification.
What should employers offer to injured or ill workers to support their RTW?
Modified work suitable to their abilities.
What does 'volition' refer to in the MOHO model?
Experiences and choices.
What do joint efforts refer to in the context of workplace success?
Collaborative actions taken by employers, employees, and healthcare providers.
What is the final phase of the RTW process?
Evaluation and follow-up of the return-to-work outcomes.
What is the outcome of matching the worker's functional capacity with job requirements?
Successful job placement and rehabilitation.
What is the stage where an individual starts making a concrete plan for RTW?
Making a concrete plan.
What is the focus of Stage 5 in work rehabilitation?
Vocational feasibility and feasibility development.
What is a method to adjust weights/items for better handling?
Nudging weights/items into place with chest/thigh.
What is the first step in the return to work process?
Reviewing the worker's functional capacity.
What test assesses wrist flexion and extension for neck pain?
Wrist Flexion/Extension Test.
What does general worker attitude encompass?
Overall outlook and approach towards work and colleagues.
What is assessed to understand the demands of the job?
Job analysis.
What is the Isolated Finger Distraction Test used for?
To assess neck pain.
What does subjective capabilities/limitations assess?
The patient's self-reported abilities and restrictions in daily activities.
What does ARCON stand for in the context of FCE instruments?
Applied Rehabilitation CONcepts.
Who must document their agreement in the RTW Plan?
The injured worker, employer representative, and nominated treating doctor.
How can one recruit additional musculature during a test?
By extending one’s arm when gripping.
What is one way to enhance work safety?
By adapting the work to the workers.
What is included in the recommendations report after job analysis?
Identifying functional capacity and suitable duties.
What aspects are modified in an individualized treatment program?
FCE (Functional Capacity Evaluation), absenteeism, quality and quantity of work, and work attitude.
What skills are targeted in Stage 5?
Basic skills and behavior to meet the worker’s role.
What is a physical response that may occur during competitive testing?
Musculoskeletal tremor.
What modifications are made to enhance productivity?
Modification of workstation or tool design for ergonomic match.
What criteria are vital for ensuring safety in functional testing?
Vital sign criteria.
What is a Post-offer/Pre-employment Assessment?
An evaluation conducted after a job offer but before employment begins.
Name a common instrument used in Functional Capacity Evaluation.
BTE work simulator.
What is the WEST - EPIC used for?
It is a common instrument in Functional Capacity Evaluation.
What stage evaluates the ability to work after Vocational Feasibility?
Employability.
What is meant by 'performance capacity' in the MOHO model?
Abilities.
What can impact workers' job security and return to work?
Impending downsizing and termination of employment.
What role does workplace accommodation play in RTW?
It helps to modify the work environment to support the returning employee.
What type of education is provided in work programs?
Education for injury prevention.
How does Workplace Disability Management support employees with health issues?
By allowing employers to better support them while they are at work.
Who should work together for a successful return to work?
Key parties including HR and supervisors.
What is the purpose of identifying a Symptom Magnifier?
To recognize individuals who exaggerate pain or functional limitations.
What does securing a job placement signify in the RTW process?
Secured a job placement.
What specific assessment is conducted to evaluate work capacity?
Specific assessment on work capacity.
What are the key components of medical care in industrial rehabilitation?
Early physical rehab, work reconditioning, and work hardening.
What is a common workplace issue that can hinder return to work?
Occupational stress.
What is the significance of sick leave in the workplace environment?
It relates to the frequency and length of absence due to health issues.
What should the RTW Plan specify about suitable duties?
The agreed purpose or goal of suitable duties.
What does the final stage in the model assess?
Earning Capacity.
What factors are evaluated when assessing pulling activities?
Intensity and duration, along with weight handled and position of the worker’s body.
How can training benefit RTW actions?
It equips employees and management with skills to support the transition.
How can beliefs about retirement serve as an obstacle?
Beliefs and expectations about retirement can lead individuals to disengage from the idea of returning to work.
What stage follows Employability in the industrial rehabilitation model?
Vocational Handicap.
What is assessed regarding sitting tolerance?
The patient's ability to sit for extended periods without discomfort.
What does hypertension Stage 2 indicate?
A more severe level of high blood pressure requiring medical clearance.
What expectation might deter individuals from resuming work?
Expectation of increased pain or fatigue if work is resumed.
What does Evaluation of Work Ability assess?
An individual's capacity to perform work-related tasks.
What type of information can be gathered from other sources?
Additional context or data relevant to the job.
What role does policy play in workplace accommodations?
It provides guidelines and frameworks for creating supportive work environments.
Who is responsible for overseeing the RTW Plan?
The supervisor.
What concern is addressed in Stage 7 of work rehabilitation?
Vocational handicap and work capacity concern.
What type of assessment evaluates the individual's functional abilities?
Functional assessment.
What is the purpose of job analysis in work rehabilitation?
To assess the demands of competitive work.
What is the final step in the Functional Capacity Evaluation flow?
Reporting.
What is the Isernhagen work system used for?
It is a common instrument in Functional Capacity Evaluation.
What should be considered in work safety standards?
Existing professional knowledge related to work, local legislation, and guidelines from related organizations.
Why is the response to change important in the workplace?
It shows how well a client can adapt to new job tasks and environments.
What effect does detachment from the labor market have on workers?
It encourages prolonged absence from work.
Which test is used to assess patellar shift in relation to back pain?
Patellar Shift Test.
How can one improve access to items during a test?
By pulling items closer for improved access.
What model is used to describe the stages of readiness for change in RTW?
Readiness for Change Model (Stage of Change Model).
What is done after the specific assessment on work capacity?
Result analysis & conclusion.
What is the acceptable heart rate during the intake interview?
HR < 100.
What does the sixth step in the Return to Work Hierarchy involve?
Formal training or education followed by a return to work with the same or new employer.
What is the stage that follows Functional Limitation?
Occupational Disability.
What does treatment history refer to in an intake interview?
Previous treatments the patient has undergone for their condition.
What is intrinsic motivation in the context of the MOHO model?
A key factor influencing performance capacity.
What does the term 'yellow flag' refer to in work rehabilitation?
It indicates potential barriers to returning to work.
What type of disorders are treated in work programs?
Chronic pain disorders where pain behavior interferes with productivity.
What are baseline vital signs measured during an intake interview?
Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), and Respiratory Rate.
What is the importance of a gradual return to work?
It allows employees to adjust and build their capacity over time.
What role does social support play in returning to work?
Lack of social support at work can hinder return to work.
Why is the workplace effective for most workers recovering from injury?
It provides a supportive environment for rehabilitation.
Which test assesses olecranon shift for neck pain?
Olecranon Shift Test.
What is a key factor in determining the prognosis for return to work?
The attribution of health conditions to work-related factors.
Which system is known as the Blankenship system?
A common instrument used in Functional Capacity Evaluation.
How can health conditions be attributed in the workplace?
To an accident/injury or to the physical or mental demands of work.
What beliefs can prevent individuals from returning to work?
Beliefs that work is harmful and that return to work will cause further damage or be unsafe.
What is the main focus of reconditioning in work programs?
To improve productivity.
What does the Key FCA refer to?
A common instrument in Functional Capacity Evaluation.
What must the RTW Plan outline regarding duties?
Duties, including capacity, restrictions, or specific duties to be avoided.
What does the final stage of the model assess?
Earning Capacity.
What is included in the RTW Plan regarding review dates?
Scheduled review dates to assess progress.
