[04.06] Pectoral Region and Axilla V2

In relation to the axillary artery.

Shoulder shrugging.

Accessory or spinal accessory nerve.

Subclavius, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior.

The axillary artery.

Congenital hip dysplasia (DDH).

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle; Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.

Axillary arteries, which are a continuation of the subclavian artery.

Diamond-shaped.

By having the patient push against a wall and observing the scapula.

Deep to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.

Elevates the scapula.

Pectoralis Major.

It serves as an added cushion for the vascular and neurovascular structures posterior to it.

Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae.

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing.

Bilateral comminuted proximal humerus fractures.

Collar bone.

Winging of the scapula.

Axillary nerve.

Provides a delicate biomechanical balance that allows shoulder movement without instability or pain.

Humerus, clavicle, and scapula.

Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove).

The brachial artery.

Arm sling and figure 8 splint.

As a complex train/subway station where roots combine to form trunks.

It is thin and most active in overhead activities.

Due to the complexity of movement of the upper extremities.

Luis likely suffered a lower brachial plexus injury, indicated by numbness and loss of hand function.

Simultaneous ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation).

Long thoracic nerve.

Suprascapular nerve.

The sternoclavicular joint.

It initiates abduction of the shoulder for the first 15 degrees.

Throwing activities.

Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor.

Into three segments by the pectoralis minor muscle.

Inability to raise the arm, weakness of the arm, and inability to flex the elbow.

Axillary nerve (C5, C6).

Subscapular, Anterior circumflex humeral, and Posterior circumflex humeral arteries.

Anterior (pectoral) group of axillary lymph nodes.

Composed of SITS: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis.

Holds the humeral head against the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

It can be treated conservatively if the joint can be mechanically attached during child development; some cases may need corrective bone work.

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6).

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1).

Dorsal scapular nerve.

It initiates the first 15 degrees of abduction.

A complex network of nerves supplying sensation and motor innervation to the upper extremity and hand.

Laterally rotates the arm.

It has serrations, resembling the end of a knife.

Thoraco-acromial and Lateral thoracic arteries.

Axillary Nerve and Radial Nerve.

It holds the scapula in place against the thoracic wall.

To connect the scapula to the proximal humerus.

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the upper limb.

A midclavicular fracture with superior displacement of the proximal clavicle and inferior displacement of the distal clavicle.

Retract and rotate the scapula.

Laterally rotates the arm.

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6).

The caregiver pulling the patient back to bed via the shoulder/armpits area.

Dorsal scapular (C4, C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves.

Injury to the long thoracic nerve can result in scapular winging.

Lateral cord, medial cord, and posterior cord.

They stabilize the scapula and allow for a wide range of shoulder mobility.

The latissimus dorsi.

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis (SITS).

Abduction (strong abductor).

Axillary arteries, axillary veins, axillary lymph nodes, brachial plexus, and axillary sheath.

Injury to the axillary nerve, often from fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus or anterior shoulder dislocation.

The subclavian vein.

Lateral to the axillary artery.

4-6 weeks.

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1.

Axillary nerve (C5, C6).

Pectoralis major.

Lateral/Humeral group.

To stabilize the humerus and ensure the humeral head is centered in the glenoid cavity during movement.

Originates from the subscapular fossa and inserts at the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

Lateral rotation of the arm and maintaining the humeral head within the glenoid.

Neurovascular structures located posterior to it.

Inflammation of the bursae.

Serves as a cushion to protect tendons from irritation.

Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula.

Muscles like Pectoralis Major, Deltoid, and Trapezius, as well as bones like the Clavicle and Scapula.

Medial rotation, arm adduction, and shoulder joint stabilization.

Injury can occur when it gets overstretched, causing sharp pain around the area when reaching forward.

A sudden forceful movement that widens the angle between the shoulder and neck.

Adducts and medially rotates arm.

To connect the axial and appendicular skeleton and support the upper extremity.

It is a projection that can be felt when palpated from the clavicle, just before the acromion.

It is shaped like an 'S'.

Subacromial bursitis.

Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.

Subclavius, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, and Serratus Anterior.

It contains major structures and serves as a passageway for neurovascular bundles.

Lower subscapular nerve.

Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula.

Adhesive capsulitis.

The weight of the arm.

Medially rotates the arm and helps hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity.

The axillary artery.

Proximal humerus fractures of the shoulder.

Acromioclavicular joint (AC Joint) and sternoclavicular joint.

Serratus anterior.

Pyramid-shaped.

Area between the 1st rib, clavicle, and scapula.

At the lateral border of the 1st rib.

The clavicle is an 'S' shaped bone that supports the upper extremity, serves as an attachment point for muscles, and protects neurovascular structures.

The scapula is a triangular, flat bone that serves as an attachment point for shoulder muscles and contributes to the mobility of the upper extremity.

Some Times Life Seems A Pain.

Subscapular fossa (most of the anterior surface of the scapula).

Triangular, flat bone lying on the posterior thoracic wall.

An oval-shaped depression on the lateral angle of the scapula that connects with the humeral head.

An elderly patient.

Serratus anterior.

Supraspinatus.

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of the arm.

Axillary nerve.

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Deltoid paralysis, weak flexion and extension, loss of shoulder roundedness, and inability to abduct beyond 15 degrees.

They are important for the immune system and part of the lymphatic system.

Musculocutaneous Nerve.

The patient consumed alcohol and then rode a motorcycle home.

Progressive pain and stiffness without a history of trauma.

Diminished or lost hand function, and the hand may assume a claw position.

The trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids.

To check for possible malignancy or infection in the breast.

The trapezius muscle.

Inability to initiate shoulder abduction.

It adducts and medially rotates the upper limb.

It originates from the 3rd to 5th rib and attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.

The displaced broken segment tenting the skin.

Superior trunk (C5, C6), Middle trunk (C7), and Inferior trunk (C8, T1).

A sudden movement of the arm that widens the angle between the arm and chest wall.

Drawing it in a color-coded format.

The clavicle.

Subscapularis, Teres Major, Latissimus dorsi.

Axillary Nerve.

Retracts scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fixes scapula to thoracic wall.

The axilla, or armpit, is a pyramid-shaped space containing neurovascular structures and serves as a distribution point for blood and nerves.

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7).

Muscles that attach the thoracic area to the extremities, including the subclavius, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior.

Superior thoracic artery.

The axillary artery is divided into three segments by the pectoralis minor muscle.

Scapulohumeral muscles, including the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles, stabilize the humerus and facilitate shoulder movement.

The glenohumeral joint has a shallower depression, specializing it for movement, while the acetabulofemoral joint is deeper, specializing it for stability.

The axillary nerve.