Lesson 5 Criminology

Identifying and exorcising the evil influence or removing the individual from society.

It shifted the understanding from religious to scientific explanations.

The gap between societal expectations and limited opportunities.

The idea that some people are 'born criminals'.

They can impair a person's ability to regulate emotions and behavior, leading to increased aggression or poor decision-making.

Through Psychoanalysis.

Diet, drug use, or genetic factors.

Poverty, lack of education, and social inequality.

By subjecting the accused to a painful or dangerous experience.

Painful, unpleasant, or dangerous experiences.

The loss of traditional values and bonds as people moved to big cities.

Anthropological criminology.

They should effectively deter crime.

It reflects the interests of the powerful rather than a universal sense of right and wrong.

From childhood.

It caused isolation and a disconnection from society.

Only when it prevents greater harm and is proportionate to the crime.

Moral conscience.

Trial by ordeal.

It suggests that the emphasis on wealth and power leads individuals without quality education or good job access to break the law to achieve their goals.

By learning more about body and brain functioning, and the impact of diet and drugs.

To maximize societal happiness by deterring criminal behavior.

The concept of deterrence.

Phrenology is the study of skull shapes to determine personality traits, while physiognomy involves assessing character from facial features; both were used to explain criminal behavior.

That if the individual was innocent, God would protect them during the ordeal.

A sociologist known for his contributions to social structure theory.

Brain monitoring and imaging.

That they were physically different from non-criminals.

Lombroso theorized that some individuals are biologically predisposed to criminal behavior, identifiable by physical features.

They suggest that biological or congenital traits and chemical imbalances can predispose individuals to criminal behavior.

Crime arises when individuals, particularly from disadvantaged groups, react to oppression and exploitation.

They believe the benefits of committing the crime outweigh the consequences.

Crime is a rational choice made based on a cost-benefit analysis.

An Italian physician and criminologist who is considered a founder of the positivist school of criminology.

That societal pressures can lead individuals to commit crimes when they cannot achieve culturally approved goals.

Sloping forehead, large ears, pronounced jaw, long arms.

They have been largely discredited.

Poverty, systemic inequality, and lack of educational opportunities in the community created a sense of frustration and hopelessness, leading to protests and, in some instances, criminal behavior.

The id, the ego, and the superego.

Criminal justice reform advocating for fair laws and against harsh punishments.

The impact of social and economic structures on criminal behavior.

That crime is a result of social and economic inequalities.

Criminal behavior is linked to social and economic inequalities in societies.

They 'advertise' the lifestyles of the rich and famous, creating pressure on individuals to attain similar comforts.

Cesare Lombroso.

The prefrontal cortex.

Biological influences.

Bundy was physically attractive and charismatic, contradicting Lombroso's idea that criminals can be identified by their appearance.

They could manifest as deviant behavior later in life.

A method of dealing with repressed or unconscious memories.

The pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.

A feeling that they were not playing a meaningful role in society.

Brain injuries and hormonal imbalances.

The study of the nature, causes, and means of dealing with crime.

That individual psychological traits and mental health issues can lead to criminal behavior.

They are tools used by the ruling class to maintain power and control over the working class.

Biological and psychological reasons.

Mental illness or a weak conscience.

Self-interest, when the benefits outweigh the consequences.

An imbalance between the id, ego, and superego.

They are linked to the underlying beliefs and priorities of a society.

The role of the government rather than the Church.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).

It leads to criminal behavior as individuals seek to achieve their goals.

A theory that suggests individuals turn to crime when they experience a disconnect between societal goals and the means available to achieve them.

Rational thought.

His theories often linked race with criminality, reflecting the era's scientific racism and social Darwinism.

It was often attributed to an evil influence or possession by the Devil.

The Scientific Revolution and the Reformation.

From viewing crime as a rational choice to seeing it as a product of biological and psychological factors.

The case of the 2014 Ferguson protests following the shooting of Michael Brown.

On Crimes and Punishments.

Instinctual desires.

That genetic and physiological factors influence criminal behavior.

Strain Theory.

Theories on the causes of criminal behavior.

Individuals may act out in antisocial ways, including committing crimes.

Crimen (crime) + Logos (doctrine).

Modern theories consider a combination of psychological, social, and biological factors, rather than relying solely on physical characteristics.