Insulin preparations can be derived from ___ and ___.
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Pork, Beef
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Insulin preparations can be derived from ___ and ___.
Pork, Beef
Insulin increases the storage of glucose in the form of ___ glycogen.
hepatic
The '15-15 Rule' involves consuming ___ grams of carbohydrate to raise your blood sugar.
15
Insulin encourages protein synthesis in ___ cells.
muscle
Insulin stimulates the synthesis of fatty acids and ___ while increasing the uptake of triglycerides.
triglycerides
After binding, the insulin receptor undergoes ___ autophosphorylation.
receptor
The activation of insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) is the ___ step in the mechanism of action.
third
Insulin is a large polypeptide composed of ___ amino acids arranged in a specific sequence.
51
Biosynthetic techniques are employed to create ___ insulin.
Human
After consuming carbohydrates, check your blood sugar after ___ minutes.
15
Type 2 Diabetes is more commonly associated with ___ and lifestyle factors.
obesity
Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes require ___ therapy for management.
insulin
Once your blood sugar is back to normal, eat a ___ or snack to prevent it from lowering again.
meal
The mechanism of action of insulin increases facilitated diffusion of ___ into the cell.
glucose
Rapid-acting insulins such as Aspart, Glulisine, and Lispro have an onset of ___ to ___ hours.
.5, 1.5
Regular insulin has an onset of ___ to ___ hours.
2, 4
Insulin pumps deliver a steady measured and continuous dose known as ___ insulin.
basal
Insulin is much too large to be absorbed through the ___ even if it survived digestion.
GI tract
___ techniques are used to produce insulin through genetic engineering.
Recombinant DNA
In Intensive Insulin Therapy, patients frequently monitor their ___ levels throughout the day.
blood glucose
Symptoms of hypoglycemia include headache, fatigue, ___, tachycardia, sweating, anxiety, and confusion.
hunger
Chronic insulin insufficiency results in repeated or prolonged ___.
hyperglycemia
Type 1 Diabetes is often diagnosed in ___ individuals.
younger
A bolus dose of regular or short-acting insulin is administered around ___.
mealtime
You can also use ___, honey, or corn syrup as a source of sugar.
sugar
Hard candies, jellybeans, or gumdrops should be consumed according to the ___ label.
food
Animal forms of insulin include those derived from ___ and ___.
Pork, Beef
In type 2 DM, insulin helps to complement other drugs and to supplement ___ insulin release.
endogenous
In acute insulin insufficiency, there is a shift to ___ metabolism, resulting in ___ production.
fat, ketones
In Type 2 Diabetes, the body becomes resistant to ___ or doesn't produce enough of it.
insulin
Chronic insulin insufficiency can lead to ___-vessel angiopathy and ___.
small, occlusion
Insulin allergy is more common in ___ forms.
animal
Examples of quick sources of sugar include glucose tablets, gel tube, ___ ounces of juice, or regular soda.
4
The mixture of ___% NPH and ___% regular insulin has an onset of 4–8 hours.
70, 30
Long-acting insulins include Glargine and ___ with durations of 3-24 hours and 6-24 hours respectively.
Determir
Activated IRSs also enhance the activity of enzymes that promote ___ storage.
glucose
The surge dose delivered by insulin pumps around mealtime is referred to as ___ insulin.
bolus
Higher doses, missing meals, and ___ exercise can lead to hypoglycemia.
strenuous
The first step in the mechanism of action of insulin is the binding of ___ subunits.
insulin
Insulin promotes the translocation of ___ carriers (GLUTs) to the cell membrane.
glucose
Intermediate-acting insulin Isophane has an onset of ___ to ___ hours.
6, 12
The duration of action for Regular insulin is approximately ___ to ___ hours.
5, 7
Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in the ___ and inhibits the enzymes that promote glycogen breakdown.
liver
An intermediate or long-acting insulin is administered ___ times a day to provide basal insulin effects.
1
Exogenous insulin is administered to all patients with type ___ DM.
1
Insulin is usually administered through ___ injection.
subcutaneous
Acute insulin insufficiency can lead to ___ followed by ___.
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia
Insulin is administered as needed to maintain blood glucose in the ___ range.
appropriate
Insulin allergy is characterized by ___ responses.
immunological
A mixture of ___% protamine lispro and ___% lispro has an onset of 2.5 hours.
75, 25
Insulin is a large ___ that is not suitable for oral administration.
polypeptide
Insulin pumps have been used successfully across the ___ spectrum.
age
Type 1 Diabetes is primarily caused by the ___ of insulin-producing cells.
destruction
Severe hypoglycemia may result in loss of consciousness, convulsions, and ___.
death
If your blood sugar is still below 70 mg/dL after 15 minutes, have another ___.
serving
Insulin inhibits the enzyme that breaks down stored ___ in adipose tissue.
lipids