Chapter 1 anaphy reviewer

'In front of.'

It is where molecules combine to form cells, the smallest living units in the human body.

Strong, ropelike fibers that give skin structural strength and flexibility.

The arrangement of different body parts and systems.

Cellular structure and functions.

An increase in the size or number of cells, leading to overall enlargement in all or part of an organism.

The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.

All the parts of the human body functioning together.

The changes an organism undergoes through time, from fertilization to death.

How the body defends itself against disease-causing agents.

Anterior and ventral.

To support and protect the body.

Body temperature.

It refers to structures that perform specific functions and are made up of different types of tissues.

Temperature regulation, pH balance, and glucose levels.

Into four quadrants by two imaginary lines intersecting at the navel.

They protect against disease-causing microbes and mature in lymphatic structures.

Directional terms used to describe parts of the body relative to each other.

Higher or above; for example, the mouth is superior to the chin.

The study of the functions and processes of the body's systems.

The structure of collagen changes, making the skin fragile and more easily torn.

They provide structural strength and flexibility.

To a book, where all parts function together.

Cells, tissues, organs, and systems.

Structure determines function; the way something is built affects how it works.

Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina in females; epididymis, ductus deferens, penis in males).

Hormones are transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ.

Changes in a cell’s structure and function from an immature, generalized state to a mature state.

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air.

It is responsible for blood clot formation.

By maintaining postures.

The belly or front of the body.

Effectors stop their response once the variable has returned to its set point.

The Human Organism.

The science of body functions — how the body parts work.

The cell's hereditary information.

An organism’s ability to sense changes in the external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.

Many disease states result from the failure of negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.

Functional changes associated with disease and aging.

A system consists of related organs with a common function.

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body.

To work together to perform a particular function.

It increases and decreases slightly around the set point, producing a normal range of values.

To break down and absorb food.

Oxygen and nutrients.

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs (such as the eyes and ears).

Carbon dioxide and wastes.

It covers the specific terms and concepts used to describe the human body and its organization.

They help regulate physiological processes by providing information about changes in the internal environment.

Lying face upward.

The formation of new cells or new organisms.

The study of the first eight weeks of development following fertilization of an egg in humans.

The functional properties of nerve cells.

The structure of specific systems of the body, such as the nervous and respiratory systems.

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue.

Lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes.

Because it determines its function.

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus.

To return proteins and fluid to the blood.

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

A person standing upright with the face directed forward, upper limbs hanging to the sides, and palms facing forward.

The back of the body.

Minerals and lipids (fats).

It runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

Because their value is not constant.

They help regulate physiological processes by providing information about changes in the internal environment.

Changes in the body’s internal and external environments.

Determines the set point for the variable and receives input from the receptor.

'Far from.'

Adjusts the value of the variable when directed by the control center.

Functions of the kidneys.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Hormone-producing glands such as the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes, along with hormone-producing cells in other organs.

It covers the specific terms and concepts used to describe the human body and its organization.

Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation.

Two or more different types of tissues.

Blood, heart, and blood vessels.

Because it is usually attached to the bones.

To pump blood through blood vessels.

Stomach, skin, bones, heart, liver, lungs, and brain.

The ideal value or range for a physiological variable, such as body temperature.

A new organism.

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food.

The liver.

They maintain body temperature near an average normal value, or set point.

Nutrients.

Temperature regulation, pH balance, and glucose levels.

They are derived from Latin or Greek.

'Close to.'

Parietal (wall) serous membrane.

Toward the middle or midline of the body.

Visceral serous membrane.

Structural changes associated with disease, from gross to microscopic levels.

How the body parts work together to maintain life.

Hormones and how they control body functions.

Atom.

The functions of the heart and blood vessels.

Two or more atoms joined together.

The digestive system.

Thrombin stimulates the production of even more thrombin.

They differentiate to become specific types of cells, such as skin, bone, muscle, or nerve cells.

It helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids.

Skin and structures associated with it, such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.

'Toward the midline.'

It is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions for cellular functions and overall health.

By regulating acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids.

Parietal (wall) serous membrane.

Serous membranes.

At the navel.

Anatomy is the branch of science concerned with the structure of organisms and their parts.

The study of body structures that can be visualized with x-rays.

To dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study.

They are the smallest living units.

The complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death.

Growth, movement, and reproduction.

Cell size and the amount of substance surrounding cells.

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood to target organs.

Skeletal muscle tissue.

Bones, joints, and associated cartilages.

Lymphatic fluid (lymph), vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils.

Produces body movements such as walking.

It is crucial for the proper functioning of cells and overall health.

Mouth, stomach, and small intestine.

Variables.

It is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions for cellular functions and overall health.

Protects the body.

'Away from the midline.'

They help in breaking down food by producing saliva.

They help defend against diseases and repair damaged blood vessels.

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

They help regulate physiological processes by providing information about changes in the internal environment.

Hole.

It provides a standardized language for healthcare professionals to communicate effectively.

The science of body structures and the relationships among structures.

Birth.

The specific interrelationships among the individual parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.

Functions of the air passageways and lungs.

Nerve cells and epithelial cells.

To manufacture adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a source of energy for cells.

It represents any living individual.

The ability to use energy to perform vital functions.

The study of structures that can be examined without using a microscope.

Changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity.

Some positive feedback mechanisms can be detrimental instead of helpful.

It refers to groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.

Inadequate delivery of blood to cardiac (heart) muscle.

The study of specific regions of the body, such as the head or chest.

A response to the original stimulus that results in an even greater deviation from the set point.

Recognizable shapes.

They produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) and release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes.

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

The maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

They transport and store gametes.

Posterior and dorsal.

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

By providing a surface area for muscle attachments.

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

It carries lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood.

Air flowing out of the lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.

Cells that produce blood cells.

Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities.

It is when any deviation from the set point is made smaller or resisted.

Temperature regulation, pH balance, and glucose levels.

Toward the body’s right side.

Solid wastes.

The structure and function of the human body.

They are double layered.

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine.

Lower or below.

A structure close to the surface of the body.

Double-folded sheet of visceral peritoneum.

'Behind.'

It provides a clear and precise language for describing body structures and functions.

The liver, stomach, and intestines.

They are closed to the outside.

The urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, and reproductive organs.

The study of the functions of body parts.

The lungs are deep to the ribs.

A sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.

Integumentary system.

The organization and arrangement of body structures.

It ensures clear communication and understanding of medical concepts.

The body into left and right parts.

The cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.

Meninges.

The navel is ventral to the spine.

Produces body heat.

Receptors, control center, and effector.

Right-upper, left-upper, right-lower, and left-lower quadrants.

By providing protection and facilitating heat loss through sweat.

In a medial position on the face.

It divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) halves.

Toward the body’s left side.

The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

They attach the digestive organs to the posterior abdominopelvic cavity wall.

Large.

Touch, pain, warmth, and cold.

Abdominal muscles.

Inflammation of the pericardium.

A cut that goes completely through an organ, similar to cutting a hot dog or banana into round pieces.

It maintains the body's mineral balance.

Away from the surface, internal.

The brain.

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

The spinal cord.

It provides a standardized language for describing the body and its functions.

The traits that define living organisms, such as growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and metabolism.

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.

Visceral pleura.

Cardiovascular system.

Digestive system.

The thoracic body cavity.

It is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions for cellular functions and overall health.

No, they do not produce an indefinite response.

By causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

They monitor the value of a variable.

Lying face downward.

It covers the specific terms and concepts used to describe the human body's structure and organization.

Maintenance of normal body temperature.

It interprets changes in the environment and coordinates responses.

Three regions: thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.

The study of the functions of body parts.

The nose is inferior to the forehead.

'Toward the interior of the body.'

The stomach, intestines, liver, and spleen.

An inflammation.

The study of the functions and processes of the body.

The study of the structure of body parts.

Located behind the peritoneum.

From the knee to the ankle.

Visceral peritoneum.

In the mediastinum.

They are used to describe the locations and relationships of body parts.

Sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse.

The organs of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

The brain.

Into two lateral pleural cavities and a medial mediastinum.

The ankle is distal to the hip.

Temperature regulation, pH balance, and glucose levels.

Above.

Visceral serous membrane.

Eliminates some wastes through sweat.

Lateral to the nose.

Vitamin D.

The bridge of the nose is medial to the eye.

The arrangement and organization of different body parts and systems.

From the shoulder to the elbow.

To contain internal organs and provide protection for them.

Nerves and blood vessels to reach the digestive organs.

The study of the structure of body parts.

Pleurisy.

To stretch over.

It provides a standardized language for describing the body and its functions.

By adding a prefix or suffix.

The organization and arrangement of body structures.

Peritoneal fluid.

It refers to the cavity that houses internal organs and is surrounded by serous membranes.

Nervous system.

The body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

Respiratory system.

The heart, major blood vessels, thymus, trachea, and esophagus.

The nipple is lateral to the breastbone.

No, it maintains variation within a normal range.

The vast majority of our internal organs, collectively referred to as the viscera.

Feedback mechanisms, including negative and positive feedback loops.

Below.

Toward the back of the body; for example, the brain is posterior to the eyes.

The arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.

To refer to the relative positions of structures, especially on the limbs.

A cut along the length of the organ, similar to a cut along a hot dog bun.

The structure and function of the human body.

It provides a standardized language for healthcare professionals to communicate effectively.

The cavity that houses the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.

It helps in understanding the organization and relationships of body parts.

A cut made diagonally across the long axis of an organ.

It helps regulate the production of red blood cells.

Below the pelvis.

The study of the structure of the body and its parts.

It helps in understanding the organization and relationships of body structures.

Parietal pericardium.

Parietal pleura.

Pericardial fluid.

Lymphatic system.

The heart and lungs, among other organs.

Farther from a point of attachment.

Toward the front of the body; for example, the teeth are anterior to the throat.

The head, neck, and trunk.

The study of the structure of body parts.

By four imaginary lines—two horizontal and two vertical.

The dorsal body cavity and the ventral body cavity.

A tic-tac-toe grid.

The organs of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

The study of the structure of the body and its parts.

The structure and function of the human body.

Farther away from the body, such as the hand.

The bladder and reproductive organs.

It means 'the flight of an arrow' and describes how the body is split by an arrow passing anteriorly to posteriorly.

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive systems.

The heart.

It provides a clear and precise language for describing the body and its functions.

The organization and arrangement of body structures.

Visceral pericardium.

Endocrine system.

The body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

Reproductive system.

The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.

The superior abdominal cavity and the inferior pelvic cavity.

Toward the back (synonymous with posterior); for example, the spine is dorsal to the breastbone.

The heart and lungs.

The acid-base balance.

The skin is superficial to muscle.

The cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.

The arrangement and organization of different body parts and systems.

From the hip to the knee.

Parietal peritoneum.

To reveal their internal structure.

Kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, a large portion of the pancreas, parts of the large intestine, and the urinary bladder.

The study of the functions of the body's structures.

Each pleural cavity houses a lung.

It allows for the continuation of species and genetic diversity.

Pleural cavity.

A standard position where the body is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Each encloses a lung and is surrounded by the ribs.

Away from the midline of the body.

It eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood.

A changed variable, referred to as a stimulus.

A large hole in the skull through which the spinal cord continues from the brain.

To the body.

The thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.

Many internal organs, such as the liver, digestive organs, and reproductive organs.

Epigastric, right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, umbilical, right lumbar, left lumbar, hypogastric, right iliac, left iliac.

The specific cavity and organs they are in contact with.

The study of the functions and processes of the body.

It provides a clear and precise language for describing body structures and functions.

They refer only to a part of the limb, not the entire limb.

Skeletal system.

Muscular system.

They react to changes in their environment to maintain homeostasis.

Pleural fluid.

Urinary system.

Closer to a point of attachment.

It covers the specific terms and concepts used to describe the human body's structure and organization.

Toward or on the surface.

They divide or section the body, allowing observation of its structures.

Nine regions.

It separates the body or a structure into right and left halves.

The study of the structure of the body and its parts.

An inflammation of the appendix.

They help in describing locations and movements of body structures.

The study of the functions of body parts.

Sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse.

Peritoneum.

They are tightly adhered to the posterior body wall.

Pericardial cavity.

It indicates the increase in size and complexity of an organism over time.

The spinal cord.

Toward the belly (synonymous with anterior).