Can a base be larger than a root?
Click to see answer
Yes, in some cases the base can be larger than a root.
Click to see question
Can a base be larger than a root?
Yes, in some cases the base can be larger than a root.
What is one important characteristic of words in human language?
Words have structure.
Give examples of informal infixes in English.
friggin’, freaking, flipping.
What is the copyright status of the materials presented?
All materials presented are subject to copyright.
What does the element '-s' signify in the word 'keyboards'?
It indicates plurality but is not considered a standalone word.
What is the relationship between 'black' and '-en'?
'Black' serves as both the root and base for the affix '-en' in 'blacken'.
What are the two main categories of morphemes based on their ability to stand alone?
Free morphemes and bound morphemes.
What are examples of words containing two morphemes?
Books, Unhappy.
What is a base in morphology?
A form to which an affix is attached; adding an affix may change the meaning of the word.
What are morphemes that can stand alone called?
Free morphemes.
What is the relationship between words and morphemes?
Words are formed from more basic units called morphemes.
What is morphology in linguistics?
The study of the structure of words and the rules of word formation.
What should students not do with the course slides?
Distribute them outside the course.
What is the main restriction regarding the distribution of course materials?
Students must not distribute the slides outside the course.
What is the focus of morphology in linguistics?
The analysis of the structure (constituency) of words.
Give examples of free morphemes.
Book, scream, leaf, happy.
What does it mean for a word to be a free form?
It can stand on its own and does not have to occur in a fixed position with respect to neighboring elements.
Why is the sentence 'Keyboard are easy to break' ungrammatical?
Because it lacks the necessary plural form 'Keyboards'.
What is a suffix?
A bound morpheme that follows other morphemes (e.g., -ment in retirement).
What are free morphemes?
Morphemes that can stand alone as words, like 'walk' in 'walked'.
What are bound morphemes?
Morphemes that cannot stand alone and must attach to free morphemes, like '-ed' in 'walked'.
What is the structure of the word 'singing'?
'sing' (free) + '-ing' (bound, progressive).
What are complex words made up of?
Multiple morphemes (free and/or bound).
What affix is present in the word 'renewal'?
The suffix '-al'.
What is the base of the word 'misclassified'?
Classified.
What defines a complex word?
A word containing two or more morphemes.
What are morphological trees used for?
To visualize word structure.
What is an example of a bound root?
'-ceive' in 'receive', 'perceive', and 'deceive'.
What suffix is attached to the root 'lone' in the word 'lonely'?
-ly.
What is the intuition behind considering 'keyboards' as a word?
It can occur in isolation and in different positions in a sentence.
What is infixation?
The insertion of an element within a word.
Give examples of bound morphemes.
-ish, -able, -ness, un-, …
What are infixes?
Bound morphemes that are inserted within a word.
What are morphemes?
The smallest units of meaning in a word.
What type of words consist of two or more morphemes?
Complex words.
What is the base of the word 'renewal'?
Renew.
Give an example of an affix in a word.
-en in whiten and pre- in prenatal.
What are complex words?
Words that consist of two or more morphemes, including at least one bound morpheme.
What is a base in morphology?
The form to which an affix attaches.
What are the components of the word 'loneliness'?
lone -ly -ness.
Provide an example of 'keyboards' used in a sentence.
'Keyboards can be expensive.'
What does the addition of units like –s signify?
It is not insignificant; it changes the meaning (e.g., from singular to plural).
What are the two types of words based on structure?
Simple and complex words.
What is a bound morpheme?
A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must be attached to a free morpheme, such as 'im-' in 'impossible'.
Can a root morpheme stand alone as a word?
It may or may not stand alone.
What type of words consist of one morpheme?
Simple words.
What does the suffix '-ity' represent in the word 'impossibility'?
It is a bound morpheme that indicates a state or condition.
What affix is present in the word 'impurity'?
The prefix 'im-' and the suffix '-ity'.
What are simple words?
Words that consist of a single morpheme and cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
What will not be the focus in LINA01?
Bound roots.
Do languages vary in how words are built?
Yes, languages vary, but structure can be found inside of words in all languages.
What does an asterisk (*) before a sentence signify?
It indicates that the utterance is ungrammatical to speakers of that language.
What is a prefix?
A bound morpheme that occurs before other morphemes (e.g., pre- in pre-judge).
What are examples of words containing three morphemes?
Unhappiness, Replaying.
Are all roots considered bases?
Yes, all roots are bases, but not all bases are roots.
How many morphemes are in the word 'impossible'?
Two morphemes.
What is the relationship between the number of bases and affixes in a word?
The number of bases is always equal to the number of affixes in the word.
What is the structure of the word 'impossible'?
It consists of the bound morpheme 'im-' and the free morpheme 'possible'.
What do complex words usually contain?
A root morpheme and one or more affixes.
Provide an example of a complex word and identify its morphemes.
Unhappiness (free morpheme: happy, bound morphemes: un-, -ness).
Can a morpheme be further analyzed?
No, a morpheme cannot be broken down into smaller units.
Can free morphemes constitute words by themselves?
Yes, they can stand alone.
What does the suffix '-s' indicate in English?
It indicates pluralization and must be attached to a noun.
What are examples of words containing one morpheme?
Cat, Tree.
What are circumfixes?
Morphemes that surround a root morpheme by attaching on both sides.
What is the singular form of 'keyboards'?
Keyboard.
What is the structure of the word 'walked'?
'walk' (free) + '-ed' (bound, past tense).
What are the components of the word 'crystallized' broken down?
'crystal-ize-ed'.
What types of affixes are there?
Prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes.
What are the Greek roots of the word 'morphology'?
Morpho- ('form') and -logy ('science; study of').
What happens if you remove all affixes from a word?
You are left with the root.
Is infixation productive in English?
No, it is not productive in English.
What is affixation?
The process by which morphemes attach to other morphemes or words.
What are affixes?
Bound morphemes that attach to words.
What does the suffix '-ed' signify in words like 'jumped' and 'lifted'?
Past tense.
What is a bound morpheme?
A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must attach to a free morpheme, such as 'im-' in 'impossible'.
Give an example of a simple word.
Dog.
How are verbs formed in Bontoc language?
By inserting the infix -um- after the first sound and in front of the second sound of the root.
What do we analyze in morphology?
Words and the meaningful pieces that combine to create them.
What is the base for the affix '-ed' in the example provided?
'Black' is the base for '-ed' in 'blackened'.
What is an example of an ungrammatical sentence in English?
'*Keyboard are easy to break.'
What is a free morpheme?
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word, such as 'possible'.
What is the root and base of the word 'crystallized'?
The root and base is 'crystal'.
How many morphemes are in the word 'impossibility'?
Three morphemes.
What do the suffixes '-er' and '-er' indicate in words like 'teacher' and 'driver'?
They denote a person who performs an action.
What is the root of the word 'renewal'?
New.
What is the root of the word 'misclassified'?
Classify.
What is an example of a word composed of four morphemes?
'Gentle + man + -ly + -ness'.
What are infixes?
Morphemes that are inserted into a root of a word.
What is the root and base of the word 'lonely'?
lone.
What is a word according to linguists?
The smallest free form in language.
What are bound morphemes?
Morphemes that cannot stand alone and must attach to other morphemes.
What does the core meaning of a word come from?
The root.
Can a full word be inserted into another word in English?
Yes, examples include 'abso-freaking-lutely' and 'fan-flipping-tastic'.
What do complex words typically contain?
A root morpheme and one or more affixes.
What is the internal structure of words formed by?
Combining morphemes.
What is a free morpheme?
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word, such as 'possible'.
What are two examples of words composed of two morphemes?
'Full + -y' and 'Establish + -ment'.
What is a bound morpheme?
A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must be attached to a free morpheme.
Are words the smallest units of meaning?
No.
What are the key components of a morphological tree?
ROOT and BASE.
What is the base for the word 'loneliness'?
lonely.
What is a free morpheme?
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.
What are the different positions that morphemes can occupy?
Prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes.
What does the sentence 'Sean dropped those keyboards and had to pay for them' illustrate?
'Keyboards' can function in various syntactic positions.
Provide an example of circumfixes in German.
The past participle of 'love' is formed as geliebt (ge- + lieb + -t).
What does the suffix '-s' indicate in words like 'cats' and 'churches'?
Plurality.
What is the prefix 're-' used for in words like 'review' and 'recycle'?
To indicate repetition or backward action.
How do affixes attach to words?
In a particular order.
What is the base of the word 'impurity'?
Impure.
What is a morpheme?
The smallest grammatical unit of meaning.
What is the intuition regarding the form 'keyboards' in the sentence?
It is recognized as a word, while the element '-s' is not.
What is a root in morphology?
A single morpheme that affixes attach to; it can be free or bound.
Are words the smallest units of meaning in language?
No, they are not the smallest units of meaning.
Can bound morphemes be words by themselves?
No, they cannot stand alone.
What are circumfixes?
Bound morphemes that attach to both the beginning and end of a word.
What is a root morpheme?
A lexical category morpheme that cannot be analyzed into smaller parts.
Give an example of a root morpheme that can stand alone.
Love in loveable.
What affix is present in the word 'misclassified'?
The prefix 'mis-' and the suffix '-ed'.
In the word 'loneliness', what is the root?
lone.
How is 'keyboards' used in a different context in a sentence?
'I like backlit keyboards.'
What is another term for circumfixes?
Discontinuous morphemes (though this term will not be used).
What is the plural form of 'keyboard'?
Keyboards.
What is the base for the suffix '-ed' in 'crystallized'?
'crystallize' is the base for '-ed'.
Give an example of a root morpheme that cannot stand alone.
-ceive in receive.
How can the internal structure of the word 'complexity' be represented?
With a tree structure.
Can affixes stand on their own?
No, affixes cannot stand on their own.
What is an example of a word composed of three morphemes?
'Girl + -y + -ness'.
What are bound morphemes?
Morphemes that cannot stand alone and must attach to other morphemes to form words.
What are the two types of morphemes based on their grammatical function?
Inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes.
What are examples of words containing four morphemes?
Unbelievably, Disrespectfully.
What is the German verb root for 'love'?
Lieb.
What is the morpheme breakdown of the word 'possible'?
One morpheme.
Why do words have internal structure?
Because complex words are made up of multiple morphemes.
What is the root of the word 'impurity'?
Pure.
What is a morpheme?
The smallest unit of meaning in a word.
What is an example of a word with more than four morphemes?
'Un- + gentle + man + -ly + -ness'.
What is the structure of the word 'impossibility'?
It consists of the bound morpheme 'im-', the free morpheme 'possible', and the bound morpheme '-ity'.
What is an affix?
A bound morpheme that cannot be analyzed into smaller parts.
What is an example of a simple word composed of one morpheme?
The word 'full'.
What is a free morpheme?
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.
