Infection-Control-Biosafety-and-Specimen-Management

Causes serious human or animal disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly.

To identify acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacterium species.

Quantity Not Sufficient.

To limit the risk of exposure and/or release during transportation by using redundant layers of packaging.

To eliminate organisms responsible for food spoilage.

Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum, Yersinia pestis, and Variola major (smallpox).

35°C.

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid).

Class III Biological Safety Cabinet.

Unlikely to cause human or animal disease.

Calcium alginate swabs or swabs with wooden shafts.

Biohazard symbol.

Necrotic tissue samples with black discoloration.

Disinfection.

Burning materials into ashes at 300°C to 400°C.

It is used for the prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum.

To sterilize the air coming in and going out of the cabinet.

Cause life-threatening infections; aerosol transmission risk is very high.

To process chemicals, radioisotopes, and carcinogens, with exhaust air discharged completely outside.

To prevent the spread of infections through respiratory droplets.

It should be watertight, leak-proof, and properly labeled.

CSF, tissue, blood, and sterile fluids.

Refrigerated at 4°C.

Less than 10 epithelial cells and more than 25 pus cells per microscopic field.

100°C for 10 to 15 minutes.

Bactericidal agents kill all bacteria, while bacteriostatic agents inhibit the growth of organisms.

Brucella, Legionella, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.

The spread of infectious agents such as multidrug-resistant organisms.

A process that kills all forms of microbial life, including bacterial endospores.

It kills microorganisms by denaturing proteins.

A substance usually applied to inanimate objects; an example is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in a 1:10 dilution.

Filtration.

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters.

It disrupts metabolism by removing water, considered bacteriostatic.

No known potential for infecting healthy people; used for educational training.

Can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard.

BSL-1, BSL-2, and provisions for BSL-3 organisms.

To ensure proper infection control and treatment protocols.

Causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another.

Two hours.

It should be under negative pressure, and the air should not be recirculated after passing through the laboratory.

Sodium polyanetholsulfonate (SPS) in 0.025% to 0.050% concentration.

63°C for 30 minutes.

A substance applied topically on the skin, such as hexachlorophene or tincture of iodine.

Moderate morbidity and low mortality, requiring surveillance and diagnostic assistance.

Phenol destroys plasma membranes and denatures cell proteins; 5% phenol is effective against mycobacteria.

Because they are easily contaminated and dried out.

The interior is under negative pressure.

Biological agents capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals.

Agents that pose the greatest public health threat, resulting in high mortality rates and potential public panic.

The information on the label does not match the information on the requisition slip.

Bacillus atrophaeus.

A method that destroys vegetative cells and spores after three consecutive days of sterilization.

Biosafety focuses on health safety, while biosecurity focuses on preventing theft or misuse of dangerous materials.

To limit the risk of exposure and/or release during transportation.

To preserve samples for viral and bacterial isolation and maintain the viability of organisms.

Autoclaving.

Acid-fast staining.

160°C to 170°C for 1.5 to 2 hours.

1. Reaction with cytoplasmic membrane components 2. Denaturation of cellular proteins 3. Reaction with thiol groups of enzymes 4. Damage to DNA and RNA.

70% recirculated and 30% exhausted.

Formalin.

Materials containing biological agents capable of causing infection in humans or animals, but do not meet the criteria for Category A.

To determine the quality of the specimen and provide early indications of illness.

Geobacillus stearothermophilus.

Positive blood cultures, positive spinal fluid Gram stain or culture, and others indicating severe conditions.

Food-borne pathogens.

Ethylene oxide.

Moderate potential hazard; can be acquired by ingestion or exposure.

Steam under pressure.

Emerging pathogens with potential for high morbidity and mortality rates.

It should be frozen at -20°C for up to one week.

70°C to 80°C for two hours over three consecutive days.

Dacron or calcium alginate swabs.

Bacillus pumilus.

Gamma rays and x-rays.

The highest level of safety to the laboratory worker.

Rubber gloves that are attached and sealed onto the cabinet.

Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Hepatitis B Virus (HBV).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Francisella tularensis.

Potential for aerosol transmission; requires controlled air movement.

Keeping people, animals, and the environment safe from germs and diseases.

Unsterilized air, which can expose samples to contamination.

To provide protection for the worker, environment, and samples, sterilizing air with a HEPA filter.

Class II, Type A2.

0% recirculated and 100% exhausted.

To protect workers from aerosol exposure and infectious disease agents.

It has an airtight system that completely separates the worker from the sample.