605 Lecture4 Powders Granules_Slides

They are easier to blend and mix.

A technique that involves compressing the powder without the use of a liquid binder.

By creating a carbonated solution through acid-base reactions.

It involves moistening the powder to form granules.

Lactose and starch.

Sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and tartaric acid.

Powders that lose water of hydration when exposed to air.

Mix them together before incorporating with other ingredients.

They can become sticky, pasty, or even liquefy.

Micronized particles of medications in metered quantities.

Asthma and other bronchial disorders.

A small piece of paper used to enclose a divided portion of powder.

Smooth to touch and non-irritating to the skin.

To prevent the formation of a hard crust.

To achieve uniform granule size.

By mixing the pasty materials with increasing quantities of the powder, which will dry out the paste.

A mixture where solid + solid transforms into a liquid.

Higher density particles sink, while lighter particles rise; similar densities are easier to blend.

A small-scale preparation method usually done with a mortar and pestle.

APIs and excipients like inert propellants and crystalline alpha-lactose monohydrate.

To create individual dosing units based on the amount to be taken or used at a single time.

In folded paper (Chartula) or specific types of paper for different powder characteristics.

Powders that are divided into individual doses for convenience.

Not more than 20%.

Using a Diskhaler with Rotadisks.

Antibiotic drugs, Lactinex granules, and effervescent products.

They can affect the stability and effectiveness of the powders.

A technique that involves adding a liquid binder to the powder mixture.

Powders that absorb moisture from the air.

Intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and/or chemicals intended for internal or external use, for local or systemic effect.

Camphor and Menthol.

Because of their small particle size.

Both comminution and mixing of powders.

Fine and uniform particle size.

They affect dissolution, bioavailability, rate of settling in suspensions, and comfort in topical use.

By inhaling through the mouthpiece after activating the device.

180 - 355 μm.

Granules are more easily wetted by liquids than powders.

Appropriate handling, storage, measurement, and preparation.

A mixture of two or more components that has a lower melting point than any of its individual components.

The powder is placed in the insufflator, and when the bulb is squeezed, air carries the particles through the nozzle.

They tend to clog together, making blending difficult.

To prevent the formation of a liquefied eutectic mixture.

Inaccuracy of dose.

Adding solvent to dissolve powders, then evaporating to form fine powders.

Powders that are inhaled into the nasal passages or lungs.

Pass the paste through a screen of mesh size.

They react to produce a carbonated solution.

Pressurized packages.

Flexibility of compounding.

By inhalation using dry powder inhalers (DPIs).

Particles may need to be diluted individually with an inert substance for easier blending.

1 - 6 μm in diameter.

To deliver medication in a fine mist for inhalation.

They should spread easily on the skin.

More hydrophobic, water-repellant powder.

It needs to be sterilized to avoid infection.

90 - 125 μm.

For external application to the skin, such as bacitracin zinc and polymyxin B sulfate for anti-infectives.

Eutectic, hygroscopic, deliquescent, efflorescent powders, and incorporation with liquids.

Stored at room temperature in a clean and dry place.

Using wet, dry, or fusion methods.

Wet method, dry method, and fusion method.

To be applied in body cavities such as ears, nose, vagina, tooth socket, and throat.

It makes blending and mixing easier.

Crystalline powders that contain water of hydration or crystallization.

Methods include sieving, laser diffraction, and dynamic light scattering.

It impacts flowability, compressibility, and uniformity of the final product.

Headache powders, powdered laxatives, and douched powders.

Large quantities of powder that can be measured and dispensed as needed.

They should have uniform, small particle size, be impalpable, free flowing, easily spread, and adhere well to the skin.

It is used for anti-fungal treatment.

4 – 12 sieve size range.

Products intended to be constituted into solutions or suspensions.

To ensure their effectiveness for the intended purpose of use.

4 – 12 sieve size range.

Liquid is adsorbed onto an inert material (e.g., lactose, starch) and then geometrically added into the bulk of powder.

The paste dries out.

Mix them individually with other ingredients before combining.

Static electricity can hamper the blending process.

A manual mixing technique using spatulas on an ointment tile or paper sheet, suitable for small quantities without size reduction.

V-type Blender and Turbula mixer.

Powders designed for inhalation through the mouth into the lungs.

Increased dissolution and bioavailability.

WoundSeal Powder, which is a mixture of a hydrophilic polymer and potassium ferrate.

Dry powder formulation of formoterol fumarate and lactose.

4 - 12 sieve sizes.

They can be added with water for oral use.

Diluting them with an inert drying powder.

A technique that involves melting the components together to form granules.

Usually for anti-infectiveness.

They refer to the physical dimensions and distribution of particles in a powder.

It is the process of reducing the size of drug particles to enhance their properties.

Reducing particle size of each powder individually before weighing and blending.

Mortar and pestle or an ointment tile.

They are applied directly to the skin for localized treatment.

Powders that are inhaled into the nasal passages or lungs.

Stratification.

Capsule dosage form for oral inhalation.

Zanamivir.

Bulk powders are available in prepackaged amounts.

Spatulation, trituration, levigation, and geometric dilution.

To provide a pleasant vehicle for bitter or salty tasted drugs.

Powders that absorb moisture from the air and dissolve in the absorbed water.

Final dosage form or as ingredients for other dosage forms like tablets, capsules, suspensions, and solutions.

Good chemical stability.

Small-scale preparation of ointments and suspensions.

A method applied when mixing a small quantity of drug into a large quantity of excipients.

Glassine weighing papers or wax paper.

Powders that are dispersed in a gas for inhalation or topical application.

To prevent inaccurate dosing.

For controlling symptoms of COPD.

Granules have less surface area than powders.

It contains B-complex vitamins and other nutritional systems.

By dispensing them in tight containers.

The potential for clumping or changes in flow properties.

It affects the dissolution rate, bioavailability, and stability of drugs.

By using anhydrous salt forms of drugs and including a drying bulky powder.

Atropine sulfate, caffeine, citric acid, cocaine.

They are applied directly to the skin for localized treatment.

Large quantities of powder that can be measured and dispensed as needed.

1,000 μm.

Agglomerates of smaller particles of powder.

Because they have less surface area.

Intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and/or chemicals intended for internal or external use.

Agglomerates of smaller particles of powder, larger than powders.

Grinding a drug in a mortar to reduce its particle size.

A light, non-compacting method.

Camphor crystalline dissolved in alcohol, then evaporated to form fine powders.

Vegetable paper, parchment paper, or other suitable materials.

They are designed for delivery to the lungs via inhalation.

Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol.

Not more than 40%.

There is no limit.

Because they are dispensed in bulk quantities and may not provide accurate dosing.

Topical powders, insufflated powders, aerosol powders, bulk powders, or divided powders.

Powders that are pre-measured into individual doses.

For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

355 – 1,000 μm.

They have better flow than powders.

Antacids (e.g., sodium bicarbonates), laxatives (e.g., PEG), and douche powders (e.g., Massengill powder).

Drugs or chemicals that absorb moisture from the air and can become liquefied.

To temporarily relieve pain and itching associated with minor cuts and scrapes.

125 - 180 μm.

Tablets, capsules, and suspensions.

Levigation, trituration, or pulverization.

They produce a carbonated solution that helps mask the bitter or salty taste of drugs.

Calcium chloride, ephedrine sulfate, phenobarbital sodium.

Sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and tartaric acid.