L02 Primary Prevention

General health benefits that are wider.

Antibiotics and immunization.

Medical approach, behavioural approach, socio-environmental approach.

Interventions addressing health determinants like poverty, increasing physical activity, immunization programs, and safety laws.

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health.

By providing tax breaks for buying bikes used for commuting.

The Medical model of thinking.

Early detection and treatment of disease before the onset of symptoms.

The journey from lack of awareness to action and maintenance, including stages like unaware, unengaged, deciding about acting, acting, and maintenance.

Community-driven empowerment and community capacity.

It provides a large benefit to those at greatest risk.

By offering support and helping with goal setting, review, and monitoring.

To create supportive environments that enable healthy choices in various settings.

They resulted in significant reductions in smoking and tobacco use.

Advertising is associated with improved attitudes, increased consumption intentions, and greater consumption of advertised products.

Risk groups.

Optimal management of established health conditions to improve quality of life.

Health promotion.

Opportunities for people with common experiences to support each other, such as Alcoholics Anonymous.

It led to reductions in CVD deaths and hospitalizations.

It influences what they choose to eat, what they ask their parents to purchase, and how much they eat.

Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.

By removing unhealthy ingredients from food.

It determines how individuals view their health and wellbeing.

Enabling individuals to participate in programs like stop smoking initiatives.

It has a limited effect at the population level.

To modify risk in the whole population.

Specific diseases.

The whole population.

Rehabilitation programs and support groups.

They influence how health is viewed, such as beliefs in witchcraft or perceptions of body weight.

Advice and appropriate referrals, such as to a dietician or smoking cessation service.

To improve knowledge and develop skills conducive to health.

It leads to substantial population benefit.

Poor and younger individuals respond more than affluent and older individuals.

They show greater effects compared to their peers.

Preventing disease before it occurs by promoting and maintaining good health.

Compulsory isolation of patients with infectious diseases.

Our Social Economic Environment (50 - 60%).

How new ideas and practices spread within society, focusing on compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability.

Factors that predispose people to behave the way they do.

They undertake public health research and contribute to national reports.

Encouraging everyone to improve their diet, such as reducing salt to better blood pressure.

Interventions should be minimal.

It is linked to lower fertility rates and higher infant survival rates.

To demonstrate the strategies available to promote health.

20 - 25%.

Disease prevention.

Disease prevention focuses on preventing disease, while health promotion emphasizes enhancing overall health and wellbeing.

It results in small changes at the individual level but affects large numbers.

The Positive holistic model.

Readiness to change behavior, including precontemplation, contemplation, decision, action, and maintenance.

Drink driving campaigns, tobacco controls, immunisation programmes, screening programmes, water fluoridation, self-management of disease, healthy eating campaigns.

Providing a healthy option as the standard, with unhealthy options as alternatives.

Encouraging the public to engage in healthier behaviors, like walking more.

Reducing smoking and improving diet to lower CVD rates in the community.

They help us understand why people behave the way they do.

Attitudes, norms, intention, subjective norm, and behavioral control.

Behaviours and lifestyles that predispose one to certain diseases.

TV adverts, leaflets, food labeling.

Because knowledge alone may not lead to action.

Better income distribution resulted in improvements in health.

Screening programs such as breast cancer screening.

The interaction of personal, environmental factors, and behavior, including capability, expectations, self-efficacy, and reinforcements.

Smoking habits and exercise.

How different types of communication affect behavior, including agenda setting and problem identification.

CVD screening in primary care.

Policy is a plan of action, while legislation is enforced by law.

People in more equal societies enjoy better health, even with greater absolute poverty.

Social interventions such as improved housing, hygiene, and wealth.

Implementing taxes on cigarettes.

Identifying a few people at high risk and targeting interventions on them.

It represents the least intervention level in the Intervention Ladder.

It led to a reduction in smoking and passive smoking, decreasing hospital admissions and mortality from related diseases.

Interventionists believe the state should create opportunities and level inequalities, while libertarians may resist state interventions.

To positively influence and promote conditions conducive to health using communication techniques.

Targeting the whole population for intervention.

Behaviors that account for most of the chronic diseases we encounter.

Through advocacy and influencing governments to change policies.