CCSS4009 Week 2 PPT

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p.21

What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) control?

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p.21

Involuntary functions in the body.

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p.21
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) control?

Involuntary functions in the body.

p.4
Central Nervous System (CNS)

What is the role of the CNS in relation to sensory information?

It carries sensory information to the brain from the body.

p.4
Central Nervous System (CNS)

How does the CNS communicate with muscles?

By delivering commands from the brain to the muscles.

p.19
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

From which nerves does the somatic nervous system originate?

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

p.6
Brain Structures and Functions

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance?

Cerebellum.

p.13
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

Formation of long-term memories.

p.5
Brain Structures and Functions

How many nerve cells (neurons) are in the brain?

86 billion.

p.11
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the primary function of the thalamus?

It processes input from visual, auditory, gustation, and tactile systems.

p.11
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the role of the basal ganglia?

It is involved in voluntary motor movements and connects with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem.

p.17
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the main role of the temporal lobe?

Involved in processing auditory information and memory.

p.34
Endocrine System and Hormones

What is the function of the pineal gland?

Regulates sleep-wake cycles by producing melatonin.

p.25
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the function of dendrites?

To receive signals from other neurons.

p.4
Central Nervous System (CNS)

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

The brain and the spinal cord.

p.23
Endocrine System and Hormones

How does the endocrine system respond to stimuli?

It responds to inputs from the nervous system and hypothalamus.

p.32
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What behaviors are influenced by Norepinephrine (noredrenalin)?

Arousal and vigilance.

p.33
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What behaviors are influenced by the neurotransmitter Dopamine?

Movement, planning, and reward.

p.29
Neuron Signalling Mechanisms

What happens to the action potential after it is generated?

It travels down to the axon terminal to release neurotransmitter molecules.

p.26
Neurons and Their Structure

What are the structures that receive signals in a neuron?

Dendrites.

p.35
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What role does dopamine play in the brain?

It is involved in reward, motivation, and motor control.

p.19
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Commands for voluntary movement.

p.32
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

Which neurotransmitter is associated with vigilance?

Norepinephrine (noredrenalin).

p.2
Neuron Signalling Mechanisms

What is the purpose of neuron signaling?

To transmit information throughout the nervous system.

p.29
Neuron Signalling Mechanisms

What are the two steps of neuron signaling?

  1. Within a neuron (electric signal), 2. From neuron to neuron (chemical signal).
p.17
Brain Structures and Functions

What functions are associated with the parietal lobe?

Processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain.

p.26
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the main part of a neuron that contains the nucleus?

Cell body (soma).

p.35
Neurons and Their Structure

What are the parts of a neuron?

Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Axon terminals.

p.35
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What is the function of GABA?

It serves as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

p.14
Brain Structures and Functions

What connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?

The corpus callosum.

p.6
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the outer layer of the brain called?

Cerebral cortex.

p.23
Endocrine System and Hormones

What hormones are released by the pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and Human Growth Hormone (HGH).

p.5
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?

31 pairs.

p.17
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

Involved in reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and emotional control.

p.3
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?

To connect the CNS to the limbs and organs.

p.26
Neurons and Their Structure

What type of cells support and protect neurons?

Glial cells.

p.25
Neurons and Their Structure

What are synapses?

The junctions where neurons communicate with each other.

p.6
Central Nervous System (CNS)

What is the first structure in the pathway from the spinal cord to the brain?

Brainstem.

p.32
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What behaviors are influenced by Acetylcholine (Ach)?

Movement, memory, and autonomic nervous system function.

p.10
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the primary function of the limbic system?

Regulating emotions and memory.

p.5
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the estimated number of connections formed by neurons in the brain?

Trillions.

p.10
Brain Structures and Functions

What is the function of the hippocampus in the limbic system?

It is crucial for memory formation and spatial navigation.

p.29
Neuron Signalling Mechanisms

What is the process of releasing neurotransmitter molecules into the next neuron called?

Synaptic transmission.

p.26
Neurons and Their Structure

What are the endpoints of an axon called?

Axon terminals.

p.25
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

The electrical charge difference across the neuron's membrane when it is not transmitting a signal.

p.21
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

'Rest-and-digest' response.

p.14
Brain Structures and Functions

What makes up the network of nerve fibers in the cerebral cortex?

White matter.

p.14
Brain Structures and Functions

Why is the cerebral cortex wrinkled?

To maximize brain matter.

p.10
Brain Structures and Functions

Which structures are commonly associated with the limbic system?

Amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus.

p.5
Central Nervous System (CNS)

How many neurons are approximately in the spinal cord?

Around 1 billion.

p.29
Neuron Signalling Mechanisms

Where is the action potential generated in a neuron?

In the axon of the first neuron.

p.3
Central Nervous System (CNS)

What does the central nervous system consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

p.26
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the function of the axon in a neuron?

To transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body.

p.3
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

To regulate involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.

p.25
Neurons and Their Structure

What role does the axon play in a neuron?

It transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

p.2
Nervous System Overview

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To coordinate and control body activities.

p.4
Central Nervous System (CNS)

What protects the Central Nervous System?

Bone, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

p.4
Central Nervous System (CNS)

What does the brain do with the information it receives?

Processes the information.

p.11
Brain Structures and Functions

What are the '4Fs' regulated by the hypothalamus?

Feeding, fighting, fleeing, and mating.

p.33
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What is the primary function of Endorphins?

Pain relief.

p.3
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the function of glial cells?

To support and protect neurons.

p.35
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What is the function of serotonin?

It regulates mood, appetite, and sleep.

p.14
Brain Structures and Functions

What type of matter covers the hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?

Gray matter.

p.23
Endocrine System and Hormones

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

To release hormones.

p.13
Brain Structures and Functions

How does the hippocampus relate to stress?

It is involved in the management of stress.

p.10
Brain Structures and Functions

How does the limbic system influence behavior?

By processing emotions and forming memories.

p.33
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What functions does Serotonin influence?

Mood, appetite, and sleep.

p.3
Nervous System Overview

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit signals between different parts of the body and coordinate responses.

p.34
Endocrine System and Hormones

Which gland is known as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland.

p.25
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

Neuron.

p.35
Neuron Signalling Mechanisms

What is synaptic transmission?

The process by which neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and bind to receptors on another neuron.

p.35
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What is the primary role of glutamate?

It acts as the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

p.19
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What type of input does the somatic nervous system bring back to the CNS?

Sensory input.

p.2
Endocrine System and Hormones

What does the endocrine system regulate?

Hormones and metabolic processes.

p.13
Brain Structures and Functions

What role does the amygdala play in the brain?

Processing emotion, learning, and memory.

p.10
Brain Structures and Functions

What role does the amygdala play in the limbic system?

It is involved in emotion regulation, particularly fear and pleasure.

p.33
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What does GABA do in the brain?

Inhibition of brain activity.

p.34
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Sympathetic prepares the body for 'fight or flight', while parasympathetic promotes 'rest and digest'.

p.3
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

To transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

p.35
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What are the functions of adrenaline and noradrenaline?

They are involved in the body's fight-or-flight response.

p.32
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What is the primary function of Epinephrine (adrenalin)?

Arousal.

p.2
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

Neuron.

p.2
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What are neurotransmitters?

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses.

p.17
Brain Structures and Functions

What are the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital lobes.

p.17
Brain Structures and Functions

What does the occipital lobe primarily handle?

Responsible for visual processing.

p.34
Endocrine System and Hormones

What hormones are produced by the adrenal gland?

Adrenaline and cortisol.

p.35
Brain Structures and Functions

What are the main structures of the brain?

Brainstem, Cerebellum, Subcortical structures, Cerebral cortex.

p.25
Neurons and Their Structure

What are the main parts of a neuron?

Cell body, dendrites, and axon.

p.25
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the myelin sheath?

A fatty layer that insulates the axon and speeds up signal transmission.

p.21
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

'Fight-or-flight' response.

p.6
Brain Structures and Functions

What system is involved in emotions and memory?

Limbic system / subcortical structures.

p.23
Endocrine System and Hormones

What hormone is released by the pineal gland?

Melatonin.

p.23
Endocrine System and Hormones

What hormone is produced by the adrenal gland?

Cortisol.

p.33
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What is the role of Glutamate in the brain?

Excitation of brain activity.

p.34
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What are the two main divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

p.3
Neurons and Their Structure

What are neurons?

The basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit information.

p.26
Neurons and Their Structure

What is the purpose of myelin sheaths?

To insulate axons and increase the speed of signal transmission.

p.35
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What are endorphins known for?

They are known for their role in pain relief and pleasure.

p.2
Brain Structures and Functions

What are the main components of brain structures?

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

p.13
Brain Structures and Functions

Where is the amygdala located?

In the temporal lobe.

p.11
Brain Structures and Functions

How does the hypothalamus contribute to homeostasis?

By directing the autonomic nervous system, endocrine systems, and hormones.

p.34
Central Nervous System (CNS)

What are the main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

The brain and spinal cord.

p.3
Neurons and Their Structure

What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?

Neurons and glial cells.

p.25
Neuron Signalling Mechanisms

What happens during an action potential?

The neuron's membrane potential rapidly changes, allowing the signal to travel along the axon.

p.10
Brain Structures and Functions

What does the hypothalamus regulate within the limbic system?

Homeostasis and the body's response to stress.

p.3
Nervous System Overview

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

p.35
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions

What neurotransmitter is abbreviated as Ach?

Acetylcholine.

p.1
Recap of Key Concepts in Biological Psychology

What is the focus of biological psychology?

The study of the biological basis of behavior and mental processes.

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