chp 1 notes

Measures taken to reduce the impact of established disease and prevent further complications are known as ___ (e.g., rehabilitation).

___ are the total number of deaths in a population, without adjusting for factors like age or gender.

{{c1::Sensitivity}} is the ability of a test to correctly identify those who have the disease (___ positives).

___ refers to the sequence of events in the development and progression of disease.

Periods when the symptoms of a chronic disease worsen are known as ___.

___ are systematically developed statements or recommendations intended to guide health care providers in the diagnosis and treatment of specific clinical conditions.

___ are studies that collect data on disease and exposure status at one point in time to determine associations.

___ are subjective feelings of discomfort reported by the patient (e.g., pain).

A disease that has recognizable signs and symptoms is referred to as a ___ ___.

___ are a group of individuals without the disease, used as a comparison in case-control studies.

{{c1::False - Negative}} is a test result that incorrectly indicates the ___ of a disease in someone who has it.

___ is the study of the causes of disease, including biological agents, physical forces, and genetic or environmental factors.

A person who harbors a pathogen without showing symptoms but can still transmit the disease to others has ___ ___.

___ refers to the progression and outcome of a disease without medical intervention.

{{c1::Diagnostic Tests}} are procedures and lab tests used to confirm or rule out conditions and determine a ___.

The proportion of positive test results that are true positives is known as ___ ___ ___.

___ are measures taken to prevent the onset of disease (e.g., vaccination, lifestyle changes).

{{c1::Reliability}} is the ability of a diagnostic test or measurement to consistently provide the same result under ___ conditions.

___ are defects present at birth that may result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or both.

The proportion of negative test results that are true negatives is known as ___ ___ ___.

{{c1::Laboratory Parameters}} are lab values used to measure health indicators, which help in diagnosing and managing ___.

{{c1::False - Positive Test}} is a test result that incorrectly indicates the ___ of a disease in someone who does not have it.

The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time is referred to as ___.

___ is the incidence of death in a population due to a disease.

{{c1::Specificity}} is the ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease (___ negatives).

___ is the study of the functional or physiological changes in the body that result from disease processes.

___ is the form and structure of cells and tissues, including changes seen during disease.

Periods when the symptoms of a chronic disease lessen or disappear are known as ___.

___ are studies that follow a group of people over time to observe the development of disease and determine risk factors.

{{c1::Sequelae}} are the aftereffects or complications that follow a disease (e.g., ___ following a stroke).

The study of disease patterns in populations, focusing on factors like incidence, prevalence, and the distribution of health conditions, is called ___.

___ refers to the total number of cases (both new and existing) of a disease in a population at a given time.

___ involves early detection and treatment of disease to prevent progression (e.g., cancer screenings).

___ is the study of structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that cause or are caused by disease.

___ are defects that occur after birth due to factors like injury, infection, or environmental exposures.

The progression of a disease from its onset through its duration and outcomes is known as the ___ ___.

___ is the expected outcome of a disease, including the likelihood of recovery or complications.

{{c1::Diagnosis}} is the identification of the nature and cause of a health problem based on patient history, physical exams, and ___ tests.

A ___ - ___ test result correctly indicates the absence of a disease.

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period is known as ___.

___ refers to the incidence of disease in a population or the effects an illness has on an individual's quality of life.

{{c1::Validity}} is the degree to which a test accurately measures what it is intended to ___.

___ is the science of the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

A long-term illness that persists over time, often with periods of exacerbations and remissions, is called a ___ ___.

___ is medical care based on the best available research evidence combined with clinical expertise.

___ are conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease (e.g., smoking, high blood pressure).

{{c1::Symptom}} is a subjective experience of ___ or discomfort noticed by the person affected.

{{c1::Standardization}} is the process of establishing consistent methods and standards for diagnostic tests to ensure ___ and reliability.

According to the WHO, ___ is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.

___ is the microscopic study of tissues and cells, often used to diagnose diseases like cancer.

A disease that is less severe than an acute disease but lasts longer is called a ___ ___.

___ are studies that compare individuals with a disease (cases) to those without the disease (controls) to identify risk factors.

{{c1::Syndrome}} is a group of ___ and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition.

{{c1::True - Positive Result}} is a test result that correctly indicates the ___ of a disease.

___ is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part of the body, manifested by characteristic symptoms or signs.

___ are objective indicators of disease observed by someone else (e.g., fever).

A disease that is not clinically apparent and may be detected only by diagnostic tests is known as a ___ ___.

Pathology