What does the total variability of ANOVAs consist of (expand on within-group variability)
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Between-groups variability (variability due to each level + sampling error) + within-groups variability (variability due to sampling error)
Within-groups variability = between-subjects variability (sampling error from individual differences) + residual variability (sampling error (excluding individual difference)
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What does the total variability of ANOVAs consist of (expand on within-group variability)
Between-groups variability (variability due to each level + sampling error) + within-groups variability (variability due to sampling error)
Within-groups variability = between-subjects variability (sampling error from individual differences) + residual variability (sampling error (excluding individual difference)
What is the difference between within-subject X variables and between-subjects X variables
within-subject X variables: each participant experience each level of X variable; between-subject X variable: each participant experience one level of the x variable
What are the three assumptions of reapeated-measures ANOVA
independence: one participant’s scores shouldn’t be related to another participant’s scores 2. normality: sampled populations are normally distributed 3. Sphericity: equal variances across difference scores
What is a multi-way repeated-measures ANOVA? (parallel to what? X? Y?)
within-subjects version of factorial ANOVA
more than one categorical X variable
one numeric Y variable, measured 4 or more
What is true randomness?
Variability in data for truly random reasons
What is the signal-to-noise ratio for F-statistic in repeated-measure ANOVA?
F = between-groups variability (due to group effects + sampling error (true randomness)/residual variability (due to sampling error (true randomness)
What is Mixed ANOVA? (3 points)
At least one between-subject x variable
At least one within-subject x variable
one numeric Y variable,
What is the biggest source of sampling error in ANOVAs?
Individual difference
What is one-way repeated-measures ANOVA? (parallel to what? X? Y?)
within-subject version of a one-way ANOVA
one categorical X variable
One numeric Y variable, measured 3 or more
What are the three advantages of having within-subject X variables?
since we can explain part of the within-groups variability as between-subjects variability: 1. require fewer participants to detect true group effect 2. don’t need to worry about individual differences 3. very suitable for longitudinal designs
In the RM ANOVA table, for the within subjects effects, what does RM Factor 1 mean? What does residual mean? For the between subjects effects, what does residual mean?
w/s effects: RM Factor 1 = between-groups variability (from each level), residual = sampling error from randomness 2. b/s effects: residual = between-subjects variability (individual differences)
What are the null hypothesis for sphericity? What do we do if it's violated?
null: variances of difference scores are equal. if p < a = sphericity is not met, if p > a = sphericity is met; we adjust the degrees of freedom to have a different p value
