Tabla Antihipertensivos

Captopril inhibits ACE, reducing the formation of Angiotensin II by inhibiting the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.

Enalapril is indicated for moderate to severe hypertension.

Captopril is contraindicated during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters.

The treatment should be initiated with 250 mg twice daily, with a possible increase to 3 g/day divided into two doses.

Common adverse reactions include dizziness, nausea, tachycardia, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, and diarrhea.

Clonidina is classified as a central acting sympathomimetic agent.

Adverse reactions may include sedation at the start of treatment and, in rare cases, hemolytic anemia.

Metildopa, once converted to methyl-norepinephrine, activates central alpha-2 receptors, decreasing sympathetic tone from the vasomotor center.

Simpaticomiméticos act on alpha receptors at the central level, leading to a reduction in sympathetic outflow from the vasomotor center and inhibition of pain neurotransmission in the spinal cord.

Prazosina is indicated for hypertension (HTA) and mild to moderate congestive heart failure.

The initial treatment for Prazosina is 1 mg three times a day, with a gradual increase in dosage up to 20 mg per day.

Common adverse reactions include depression, somnolence, dizziness, headache, and syncope.

Terazosina is primarily used for hypertension and symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The initial dose for Terazosina is 1 mg at night, which can be increased to 2 mg.

Terazosina is contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity and syncope.

A common adverse effect of Terazosina is orthostatic hypotension.

Doxazosina blocks alpha-1 receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.

Doxazosina is indicated for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The initial dose for Doxazosina is 1 mg per day, which can be increased to 2-4 mg per day each week, with a maximum of 16 mg per day.

Common adverse reactions include respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, dizziness, headache, somnolence, vertigo, and palpitations.

Common adverse reactions include:

• Bradycardia
• Hypotension
• Cold extremities
• Fatigue
• Gastrointestinal disturbances
• Dry mouth
• Nausea

Indications for Metoprolol include:

• Hypertension (HTA)
• Angina pectoris
• Myocardial infarction

The recommended dosage for Propranolol is 80 mg twice a day. It is available in tablet forms of 10 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg.

Contraindications for Atenolol include:

• Bradycardia
• Cardiogenic shock
• Hypotension

Esmolol works by blocking sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, leading to:

• Decreased heart rate
• Slowed atrioventricular conduction

Indications for Esmolol include:

• Treatment of sinus tachycardia
• Perioperative management
• Acute supraventricular arrhythmias
• Hypertension

Metoprolol is available in:

• Tablets of 100 mg
• Recommended dosage: 100 mg per day

Common adverse reactions of Propranolol include:

• Fatigue
• Bradycardia
• Cold extremities

Labetalol decreases blood pressure through vasodilation by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors, which reduces peripheral resistance, and by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors.

Labetalol is indicated for moderate to severe hypertensive emergencies and angina pectoris.

Common side effects of Amlodipine include headache, fluid retention, edema, and hypotension.

Hydralazine causes the release of nitric oxide, which opens potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle.

Hydralazine is indicated for hypertension.

Hydralazine is contraindicated in hypersensitivity, tachycardia, rheumatic valve disease, and during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.

The recommended dosage for Hydralazine is 12.5 mg every 6-12 hours.

Common side effects of Hydralazine include edema, reflex tachycardia, and myocardial ischemia.

• Releases nitric oxide
• Activates D1 receptors
• Opens K channels
• Acts as an alpha and beta blocker

• Hypertensive emergencies
• In patients with glaucoma, asthma, heart failure, and angina

• Cyanide toxicity
• Hypotension
• Headache

• Pregnancy
• Bile disorders

• Blocks angiotensin AT1 receptors

• Hypertension
• Heart failure
• Diabetic nephropathy

• 40 mg/day
• 20-80 mg/day

• Dizziness
• Drowsiness

• Blocks angiotensin AT1 receptors
• Acts as a vasodilator

• 80-160 mg/day