physics freshman-9-22

7 basic quantities.

Measuring devices being out of calibration.

2,500 lb = 2,500 x 0.4536 kg = 1134.0 kg.

No, all measurements have some degree of uncertainty.

Fluctuation of measurements of the same quantity about the average.

Uncertainty is equal to the smallest increment divided by 2.

The act of comparing a physical quantity with a certain standard.

Seven basic physical quantities.

At the eleventh International Conference of Weights and Measures in 1960.

By multiplying by conversion factors.

The spread of measurement results.

Pythagoras theorem.

Mass, time, volume, speed.

Displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum.

A property of an object that can be quantified.

Along the negative x-axis.

A quantity specified by a number and its unit, having magnitude but no direction.

Quantities that can be expressed in terms of fundamental quantities, such as area, volume, and density.

Systematic Error and Random Errors.

It is the vector divided by its magnitude.

î for x, ĵ for y, and k̂ for z.

5 significant figures.

A single vector obtained by adding two or more vectors.

By joining their head to tail in any order.

The original vectors that are added to obtain the resultant.

A vector that has a magnitude of one and is dimensionless, used to indicate direction.

A quantifiable or assignable property ascribed to a particular phenomenon or body.

To convert, use the appropriate conversion formula.

They imply the error in the measurement.

By a letter or symbol with an arrow over its head.

The number of significant digits in the final answer is the same as the least accurate factor.

The new vector becomes a different physical quantity.

Quantities that can be expressed in terms of fundamental quantities, such as area, volume, and density.

3 significant figures.

The direction and magnitude of the vectors involved.

The total distance traveled divided by the time of travel.

International System of Units.

To serve as the primary system of units of measurement worldwide.

To convert, use the appropriate conversion factor.

By pre-calibrating against a known, trusted standard.

Because physics involves a lot of measurements and calculations with uncertainties.

As the sum of its x, y, and z components: A = Ax + Ay + Az.

Because it can represent different levels of precision; it should be expressed in scientific notation.

8 units.

45 degrees.

Calculate the resultant using the Pythagorean theorem.

Vector subtraction.

Using the cosine law.

Using the sine law.

Unit vectors for each positive coordinate axis direction in a Cartesian system.

0.02 in = 0.02 x 0.0254 m = 0.000508 m = 5.08 x 10^-4 m = 0.503 mm or 508 μm.

Uncertainty.

Ax (x component) and Ay (y component).

Take one-half the unit of the last decimal place in a measurement.

It is the sum of the x components times î, plus the sum of the y components times ĵ, plus the sum of the z components times k̂.

5 significant figures.

2 significant figures.

The act of comparing a physical quantity with its unit.

The range of possible values of the measure, covering the true value and characterizing the spread of measurement results.

With a 'hat' symbol (e.g., ̂).

The unit vector ̂ in the +z direction.

It allows for easy factoring of individual unit vectors from multiple terms.

Quantities that cannot be expressed in terms of any other physical quantity, such as length, mass, and time.

They allow for meaningful expression and comparison of measured values.

Random errors.

It has three significant digits.

A quantity specified by both a magnitude and direction in space.

The magnitude of the vector.

The number of significant digits should equal the smallest number of decimal places of any term in the sum or difference.

Use vector addition.

It indicates direction without magnitude.

The resultant of two vectors is the diagonal of the parallelogram formed by those vectors as adjacent sides.

By specifying how they are measured or by stating how they are calculated from other measurements.

To convert, use the appropriate conversion factor.

The art of estimating deviations from the true value of a measured quantity.

It implies an uncertainty of 0.05 cm, meaning 5.65 cm ≤ L ≤ 5.75 cm.

A quantity specified by a number and unit, having magnitude but no direction.

If it has a non-zero digit anywhere to its left, then it is significant.

A vector of zero length, represented as a point.

Quantities that cannot be expressed in terms of any other physical quantity, such as length, mass, and time.

1. All non-zero numbers are significant. 2. Zeros within a number are always significant. 3. Zeros that set the decimal point are not significant. 4. Zeros not needed to hold the decimal point are significant. 5. Zeros that follow a number may be significant.

A single vector obtained by adding two or more vectors.

Sine and cosine functions.

The x-component of vector A with magnitude |A_x| in the +x direction.

It is equal to the smallest increment.

Measurement = x best ± uncertainty.

Only one uncertain digit should be reported.

It has only one significant figure.

The direction of the vector is reversed.

Displacement is obtained when velocity (a vector) is multiplied by time (a scalar).

Divide the vector by its magnitude.

The vector drawn from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector.

It should be stated explicitly to avoid confusion.

They can be added to give back A as their resultant: A = Ax + Ay.

Direction cosines.

Each component is the corresponding component of the original vector divided by the magnitude of the original vector.

They are NOT significant.

15.2 cm, rounded to the nearest tenth.

A quantity specified by both a magnitude and direction in space.

A vector that has a magnitude of one, is dimensionless, and specifies a direction.

Graphical method of vector addition and Parallelogram law of vector addition.

The unit vector ̂ in the +x direction and the unit vector ̂ in the +y direction.

By using its components along the unit vectors, such as A = A_x ̂ + A_y ̂ + A_z ̂.

It comes from the Greek word meaning 'nature'.

The comparison of an unknown quantity with a known fixed quantity.

Matter in relation to energy and the accurate measurement of natural phenomena.

The quantity used as the standard of measurement.

To express quantities in larger or smaller terms.

It allows us to understand nature much more deeply than qualitative descriptions alone.

Units, which are standardized values.

Uncertainty is related to the number of significant figures in a number.

The use of unit conversion in solving problems.

They are defined standards for measuring physical quantities.

From base units.

As the base for science with various applications for ease of life.