6-10

In atrial fibrillation, there is no true atrial ___ & ___.

A major risk of atrial fibrillation is blood clots in the ___ atria, which can lead to a ___.

PVCs occurring every 2nd beat are called ___, every 3rd beat are called ___, and every 4th beat are called ___.

Ventricular tachycardia is defined as more than ___ consecutive PVCs with a ___ QRS complex.

The approximation method for assessing heart rate from an ECG strip uses the sequence ___-150-100-75-60-50 applied to the large boxes between 2 R waves.

Sinus bradycardia is defined as a heart rate less than ___ bpm.

In atrial flutter, the AV node conducts a fraction of the impulses, often in a ___:1 ratio.

Exercise leads to reductions in both ___ and ___ blood pressure.

Chronic renal failure and nephrosclerosis are systemic effects of hypertension on the ___.

Repolarization on an ECG is shown as an ___ deflection towards the electrode.

To measure the PR interval, count the number of small boxes and multiply by ___ seconds.

A normal QRS complex duration is between ___ and ___ seconds, which corresponds to 1.5-3 small boxes.

For regular rhythms, the heart rate can be calculated by dividing 1500 by the number of ___ boxes in one R-R interval.

A little rhyme to remember: DFIB for ___ and pulseless VTach.

The P wave on an ECG represents ___, which corresponds to atrial contraction.

The QRS complex on an ECG represents ventricular depolarization and also ___ repolarization.

The T wave on an ECG represents ___ repolarization.

A normal P wave on an ECG should be present and upright with a ___ ratio to the QRS complex.

An abnormal PR interval that gets longer and longer before dropping a QRS complex indicates a ___ block.

The QRS complex duration should be less than ___ seconds.

Conditions such as pain, fear, emotion, exertion, or stimulants like caffeine can increase the automaticity of the ___ node, leading to sinus tachycardia.

In hypertension, stroke volume increases ___ and peak heart rate is ___, reducing cardiac output.

Hypertension can lead to ___, ___, ___, and ___ in the heart.

The QRS complex on an ECG represents ___ depolarization.

The bipolar limb leads are ___, ___, and ___.

To measure the QRS complex, count the number of small boxes from Q to the end of S and multiply by ___ seconds.

In a 6-second strip, count the number of R's and multiply by ___ to determine the heart rate.

Pulseless V-Tach or V-Fib is ___ shockable.

SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) is characterized by ___ and is a medical emergency.

The PR interval on an ECG measures the time it takes for the SA node to fire, the signal to reach the AV node, and for the AV node to restart the signal to the ___.

The ST segment on an ECG should return to the ___ line, indicating no electrical activity.

The QT interval on an ECG can indicate ___ if it is prolonged.

The accurate method for assessing heart rate from an ECG strip involves dividing 1500 by the number of ___ between 2 R waves.

The time duration for the PR interval on an ECG should be between ___ and ___ seconds.

Sinus tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than ___ bpm.

Atrial fibrillation is characterized by the absence of ___ waves and the presence of chaotic atrial activity.

The major determinants of blood pressure are ___ and ___.

One systemic effect of hypertension on the brain is the formation of an ___.

Depolarization in the heart is associated with ___.

The six limb leads in an ECG record from the ___ plane.

A normal PR interval ranges from ___ to ___ seconds, which corresponds to 3-5 small boxes.

A QRS complex duration greater than ___ seconds indicates a PVC (wide & bizarre).

For regular rhythms, the heart rate can also be calculated by dividing 300 by the number of ___ boxes between R's.

Pulseless electrical activity can be caused by H's such as hypovolemia, hypoxia, hyperkalemia, H+ ion excess, and ___.

Atrial fibrillation is characterized by ___ waves and a ___ baseline.

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can create ___ QRS complexes that are ___ and require extended repolarization time.

A run of 3 PVCs in a normal sinus rhythm is called a ___, while a run greater than 30 seconds is called ___.

Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate of ___ to ___ bpm and is a precursor to ___.

For an irregular heart rate, the approximation method involves counting the number of ___ in 6 seconds and multiplying by 10.

Atrial flutter is characterized by ___ waves that are saw-toothed in appearance.

In sinus bradycardia, a decrease in automaticity of the ___ node or increased vagal stimulation can be a cause.

Exercise capacity is reduced by ___ to ___ percent in individuals with hypertension.

Hypertension can cause ___ in the eyes.

The P wave on an ECG represents ___ depolarization.

The unipolar/augmented limb leads are ___, ___, and ___.

A PR interval greater than ___ seconds indicates a heart block.

To assess rhythm, measure the number of small boxes from ___ to ___.

Asystole is ___ shockable.

Pulseless electrical activity can be caused by T's such as toxins, tamponade, thrombosis (MI), thrombosis (PE), tension pneumothorax, and ___.