What is indigenous microflora?
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Normal flora that reside on or within humans.
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What is indigenous microflora?
Normal flora that reside on or within humans.
What is bioremediation?
A waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to clean up wastes and neutralize pollutants from contaminated sites.
What are biotherapeutic agents?
Microorganisms used to treat or prevent disease, such as Lactobacillus in yogurt and medications.
What types of microorganisms are part of the microflora of the skin?
Bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus (S. epidermidis), Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Brevibacterium, and Acinetobacter.
Which microorganism causes ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract?
Helicobacter pylori.
What is microbial ecology?
The study of numerous interrelationships between microorganisms and the world around them.
Where do anaerobes live on the skin?
In the deeper layers of the skin, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract has the largest number and variety of microorganisms?
The colon.
What is mutualism?
A relationship that is beneficial to both symbionts.
What role do tears and lysozyme play in the eyes?
They help to keep the eyes sterile.
What can improper hygiene in the oral cavity lead to?
Growth of bacteria, dental caries (tooth decay), gingivitis, and periodontal disease.
What are biofilms?
Complex and tenacious communities of assorted microorganisms organized in biofilms, consisting of species of bacteria and polysaccharide (extracellular matrix).
What is microbial antagonism?
When microbes prevent other microbes from becoming established in or colonizing a particular anatomic location.
What is the role of microbes in agricultural microbiology?
They play a role in elemental cycles (C, N, O, P, S) and can cause infectious diseases in farm animals and plants.
What is synergism in microbial interactions?
When microorganisms team up to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself.
Where do biofilms commonly form?
On urinary catheters and medical implants.
What is parasitism?
A relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and detrimental to the other symbiont (host).
What is biotechnology?
The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, including any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof.
What is commensalism?
A relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and is of no consequence to the other.
Where are anaerobes found in the oral cavity?
In gum margins, crevices between teeth, and deep folds (crypts) on the surface of the tonsils.
What are the beneficial roles of microflora?
Production of vitamins and boosting the immune system by acting as irritants and antigens.
What is neutralism in microbial interactions?
A relationship where neither symbiont is affected by the relationship.
What is the significance of carriers in the respiratory tract?
Carriers harbor virulent pathogens in nasal passages but do not have the disease associated with them.
Which parts of the genitourinary tract are sterile?
All parts except for the urethra.
What is symbiosis?
Living together or close association of two dissimilar organisms (two different species).
Which parts of the ear and eye are sterile?
The middle and inner ear.
Which microorganisms are found in the respiratory tract?
Diphtheroids, lactobacilli, micrococci, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, and Corynebacterium.
What is the role of coliforms in the gastrointestinal tract?
They are bacteria being removed from the gastrointestinal tract due to defecation.
What factors affect the number and variety of microorganisms present on the skin?
Amount of moisture present, pH, temperature, salinity, presence of chemical wastes, presence of other microbes, and anatomical location.
What prevents the growth of indigenous microflora in the stomach?
Gastric enzymes and the acidic pH (approx. 1.5) of the stomach.
What is biomining?
The process of extracting valuable metals from ores and mine tailings with the assistance of microorganisms.
What are opportunistic pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised.
