Reproductive System

In cases of incest or rape, when continuing the pregnancy would endanger the mother’s health, or if medical tests reveal a nonviable fetus.

To immunize women against hCG, the hormone that maintains the corpus luteum so implantation can occur.

Pubic lice can be killed with anti-lice treatments, and reinfestation can be prevented by thoroughly washing all clothes and bedding in hot water.

Types 16 and 18

Up to the age of 26

GIFT is a variation of IVF where unfertilized eggs and sperm are placed directly into an oviduct through a small incision in the woman's abdomen.

Depo-Provera is a progesterone injection that lasts three months.

A chancre is a hard, dry, bacteria-filled sore that appears at the infection site during the primary phase of syphilis.

They administer synthetic progesterone and estrogen to inhibit the release of FSH and LH, preventing follicles from maturing and ovulation from taking place.

Discharge from penis, burning during urination

Male condoms are typically made from latex or animal membrane.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a bacterial infection of the internal female reproductive organs. It can cause scar tissue in the oviducts, sealing them shut and preventing the passage of eggs or sperm, leading to infertility.

They are not very effective in preventing pregnancy.

The man withdraws his penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

Over 8%

Hepatitis B and HPV can be prevented by vaccines.

Trichomonas vaginalis

A frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge

ARTs refer to all techniques in which both sperm and eggs are handled outside the body.

During an orgasm, both males and females experience a pleasurable reflex event. In males, it is accompanied by ejaculation, or the expulsion of semen.

Most disease organisms cannot live long outside a warm, moist environment, which is why the reproductive organs are common sites of entry.

A vasectomy involves making small incisions in the scrotum, locating each ductus deferens, tying them in two places, and removing the segments between the ties to prevent sperm from reaching the urethra.

Hysteroscopy involves inserting a flexible tube through the vagina and uterus into the oviduct, where it emits electrical current to seal the oviduct shut.

ART techniques include using donated eggs, freezing unused embryos, and procedures like GIFT or ZIFT.

HIV can be transmitted from person to person long before symptoms of the disease appear.

Options include artificial insemination, IVF, GIFT, ZIFT, fertility-enhancing drugs, and surrogate motherhood.

Inflamed testes and sterility

An abortion pill.

Strongly held moral and religious convictions.

They cover the cervical opening and prevent sperm from entering the uterus.

They must be inserted shortly before intercourse and removed sometime later, making sexual activity less spontaneous.

More than 80%

Laser surgery, freezing with liquid nitrogen, or certain drugs.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process where eggs are fertilized outside the body in laboratory glassware and then inserted into the woman's uterus via the vagina.

Because of increasing evidence that it can protect against cancers of the penis and anus caused by HPV.

Reducing HPV transmission rates.

In pubic hair

ZIFT is a variation of IVF where the egg is first fertilized outside the body and then placed into the oviduct.

NuvaRing is a flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones for three weeks, followed by one week without the ring.

Complications include widespread damage to the cardiovascular and nervous systems, blindness, skin ulcers, and eventual death.

Fertility-enhancing drugs are used to boost the production of developing eggs.

Causes include failure to ovulate, damage to oviducts, PID, secretions that impair sperm function, uterine tumors, endometriosis, age-related changes, and miscarriages.

Hepatitis B is transmitted in blood or body fluids during unprotected sex.

Nausea, fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, arthritis

Vacuum suctioning of the uterus, surgical scraping of the uterine lining, or infusion of a strong saline solution.

A couple is considered infertile if they fail to achieve pregnancy after a year of trying.

About 15% of all couples in the United States are considered infertile.

No, they do not protect against STDs.

No, but drug treatments are available to suppress the active phase

Virginia, Rhode Island, and the District of Columbia

A common cause of failure is spontaneous abortion or miscarriage, defined as the loss of a fetus before it can survive outside the uterus.

She might be prescribed progesterone pills.

The menstrual cycle consists of an ovarian cycle that produces mature oocytes and a uterine cycle in which the uterus prepares for pregnancy.

It releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream and is applied weekly for three weeks, followed by one week without a patch.

Symptoms include a widespread but non-itchy rash, hair loss, and gray patches on mucous membranes.

Treponema pallidum

The hepatitis B virus.

Infections, pneumonia, meningitis, tuberculosis, encephalitis, cancer

Candida albicans

Trichomonas vaginalis

Latex condoms offer some protection against diseases, including AIDS.

Gardasil and Cervarix

Pubic lice are tiny arthropods that nourish themselves by sucking blood from their host, causing intense itching and skin irritation.

The rhythm method.

Plan B contains progesterone and is used as an emergency contraceptive.

Candida albicans

Semen contains sperm and the secretions of the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands.

Crabs

They can reduce cramps and menstrual flow, and may offer some protection against cancers of the ovaries and uterus.

A quarter of STD cases are teenagers.

Risks include uterine cramping and bleeding, infection, and possible damage to the uterus.

Chancre at infection site

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

STDs are on the rise because young people are becoming sexually active earlier and birth control reduces the fear of pregnancy.

Vaginal discharge, burning, and itching

Cirrhosis, liver failure

Discharge from inflamed penis

Frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge

They must be inserted into the vagina shortly before intercourse to be effective.

Causes of female infertility include abnormal production of LH or FSH, irregular menstrual cycles, strongly acidic vaginal secretions, thick cervical mucus, uterine tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and endometriosis.

It decreases the possibility of conception and reduces menstrual flow.

At about age 11 or 12, before their first sexual contact.

Chemical spermicides are available in forms such as foams, creams, and jellies.

HIV is considered the most dangerous viral STD.

The success rate of IVF with vaginal insertion results in a live birth about 20% of the time.

The hormone estrogen causes the mammary glands to enlarge at puberty.

They reduce the number of menstrual periods, with Seasonale reducing them to four per year and Lybrel eliminating them for a full year.

The overall success rate at achieving a live birth from an ART cycle is about 30%.

No, they do not protect against STDs.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Pus from penis, painful urination

Painful urination, vaginal discharge

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Up to five years.

Causes of male infertility include low testosterone levels, immune disorders that attack sperm, radiation, certain drugs such as anabolic steroids, and diseases like mumps and gonorrhea.

If you think you are at risk for or may have an STD, get tested. It’s confidential, not difficult, and can save you a lot of embarrassment and possibly your life.

Blindness

Over 12 million people contract an STD each year.

They create a mild chronic inflammation that prevents either fertilization or implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine wall.

Gonorrhea can be transmitted through oral-genital contact or hand contact to the mouth or eyes.

Male infertility can be caused by an insufficiency or lack of sperm.

The four classes are infertility, complications of pregnancy, cancers and tumors of the reproductive organs, and sexually transmitted diseases.

Pelvic inflammatory disease, urethral infections, sterility, complications of pregnancy

Fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes or spleen, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss

Warts on penis, labia, anus, or in vagina or cervix

Some chemical spermicides also kill organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases.

A male birth control pill and several vaccines for women.

Through oral sex

Tight-fitting underwear can hold the testes close to the body, raising their temperature and potentially lowering viable sperm count. Switching to looser-fitting boxer shorts may help improve sperm count.

The major bacterial STDs mentioned are gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia.

The testes produce sperm and are part of the male reproductive organs.

Even when there are no symptoms, and reinfection is common if partners are not treated simultaneously

Through sexual contact or by infected bed sheets or clothes

You can reduce your risk of contracting an STD by choosing your partner wisely, using a barrier method of birth control, and getting tested promptly if you suspect you have a disease.

Treponema pallidum causes syphilis.

Tubal ligation involves making a small incision in the woman's abdominal wall, locating each oviduct, and tying each at two sites, then cutting away the sections between the ties.

No, HIV cannot be cured, but there are drugs that can keep it in remission.

Chlamydia trachomatis

Men may experience a discharge from the penis and a burning sensation during urination.

Women may have a vaginal discharge and a burning and itching sensation.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Intense itching, skin irritation in pubic area; lice are small but visible

Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue migrates and implants on other organs, causing pain and infertility. It can sometimes be treated with surgery, drugs, or hormone therapy.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)

It may prevent ovulation if started within five days after intercourse and may also prevent implantation.

Some parents are concerned it might encourage sexual activity at a young age, and there is public outcry against government intervention when states try to make the vaccine mandatory for school attendance.

Pain, inflammation, and a thick, cheesy vaginal discharge

Fertilization of the oocyte takes place in the oviduct.

A surge in LH secretion, caused by estrogen produced by the mature follicle, triggers ovulation.

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and arthropods can cause STDs.

No, the testes continue to produce testosterone and sperm, and sexual interest and secondary sexual characteristics remain unchanged.

Non-itchy rash, hair loss, gray areas of infection on mucous membranes

Pelvic inflammatory disease, scarring, sterility

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

Phthirus pubis

Mirena.

A monogamous relationship with someone you know and trust is the best defense against contracting an STD.

Only 36%

Artificial insemination is a technique where sperm are placed into the vagina or uterus with a syringe, as close to the time of ovulation as possible.

The simplest and least expensive ART technique is in vitro fertilization (IVF).

They can cause acne, headaches, fluid retention, high blood pressure, or blood clots.

They are matchstick-size rods containing synthetic progesterone implanted under the skin, providing contraception for up to three years.

Syphilis can be treated with penicillin.

Roughly 50% of women and 20% of men will contract gonorrhea after a single exposure.

Surrogate motherhood involves paying another woman to become pregnant and bear a baby for a couple.

Early symptoms include fatigue, fever and chills, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes or spleen, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

Yes, a vaccine for hepatitis B became widely available in 1991.

Genital blisters, painful urination, fever, swollen lymph nodes in groin

Condoms trap ejaculated sperm.

By the mid-40s, women begin to run out of oocytes, and the ovaries become less responsive to LH and FSH, leading to menopause. Oocytes ovulated later in life are more likely to be damaged by exposure to radiation, chemicals, and disease.

Neither drug is effective against an existing HPV infection.

Blisters around the genitals or rectum that break and leave painful sores

It is effective up to seven weeks after pregnancy.

With antifungal drugs

The production of sperm is controlled by the hormones testosterone, LH, and FSH.

The overall success rate is about 60-70% after six attempts or more.

Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum prepares the uterus for implantation.

They have a greater risk of blood clots and vascular problems.

The three phases of syphilis are the primary phase, secondary phase, and tertiary phase.

Although it may be possible to reverse, sterilization is generally considered permanent.

Widespread damage to cardiovascular and nervous systems, blindness, skin ulcers

Infection with HPV can cause warts in the genital area.

Because women between 15 and 24 years old are especially at risk, with reported rates of infection nearly 10 times that of the general population.

Risk factor for cancers of cervix or penis

Chlamydia trachomatis.

Hepatitis B virus

Discharge from penis, painful urination

Untreated chlamydia can cause PID, permanent scarring of the Fallopian tubes, complications of pregnancy, and sterility.

Vaginal pain, inflammation, cheesy discharge