What type of structures are found in the carotid triangle?
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Only nerves, vessels, and lymph nodes; no muscles.
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What type of structures are found in the carotid triangle?
Only nerves, vessels, and lymph nodes; no muscles.
What action does the trapezius muscle perform?
Shoulder shrug.
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid.
What action is associated with the trapezius muscle?
Shoulder shrug.
What is the primary function of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle?
It aids in head rotation and flexion.
Where do all the suprahyoid muscles insert?
On the hyoid bone.
What is the nerve supply for the Anterior scalene muscle?
C3 - C6.
What is the nerve supply for the Middle scalene muscle?
C3 - C8.
Which nerve provides motor innervation to the diaphragm?
Phrenic Nerve (C3 - C5).
Which nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?
Nerve to thyrohyoid (C1), via CN XII.
What is located deep to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) in the carotid triangle?
Nerves, vessels, and lymph nodes.
Which gland is contained within the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland.
What are the middle layers of deep fascia?
Pretracheal and buccopharyngeal layers.
Which nerve innervates 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles?
Ansa cervicalis (a.c.).
What is the nerve supply for the Posterior scalene muscle?
C6 - C8.
What is the primary focus of surface anatomy in the neck?
To study the external features and landmarks of the neck.
How does deep fascia affect the movement of structures in the neck?
It allows for smooth movement while providing stability.
What are the two parts of the digastric muscle called?
Two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon.
What are the two main triangles of the neck?
The anterior triangle and the posterior triangle.
What does the superficial fascia contain?
Platysma.
What nerve is responsible for diaphragm innervation and is found in the Carotid Triangle?
Phrenic nerve.
What occurs during unilateral contraction of the SCM?
It rotates the head to the opposite side.
What are the components of the Ansa Cervicalis?
Superior and Inferior roots.
What is the function of the Greater Occipital Nerve?
It provides cutaneous distribution to the scalp.
Which spinal nerves contribute to the Lesser Occipital Nerve?
C2.
What is the function of the Supraclavicular Nerve?
It provides sensory innervation to the skin over the shoulder and upper chest.
Which vein drains the area behind the ear?
The posterior auricular vein.
What major vein is located in the submandibular triangle?
Facial vein.
What is the superficial layer of deep fascia called?
Investing layer.
Which cranial nerve is involved in autonomic functions and is present in the Carotid Triangle?
CN X (Vagus Nerve).
What is deep fascia?
A connective tissue layer that surrounds muscles, bones, and organs.
What is the posterior triangle of the neck?
A region of the neck bordered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle, and the clavicle.
What is the origin of the omohyoid muscle?
It originates from the scapula.
What are some key landmarks in the surface anatomy of the neck?
Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What major artery is found in the submandibular triangle?
Facial artery.
What is the significance of the references mentioned?
They are anatomical textbooks used for study.
Which spinal nerves make up the cervical plexus?
C1 to C4 spinal nerves.
Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate?
On the mandible.
What role does deep fascia play in the neck?
It provides support and compartmentalizes structures.
What types of vessels are present in the Posterior Triangle of the Neck?
Superficial and deep vessels.
What types of nerves can be found in the Posterior Triangle of the Neck?
Cutaneous and deep nerves.
Why is surface anatomy important in clinical practice?
It helps in identifying underlying structures and guiding procedures.
What is the primary function of CN XI?
To innervate the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
What muscle is referred to as SCM?
Sternocleidomastoid.
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
Nerves, vessels, and lymph nodes.
What is the primary function of the suprahyoid muscles?
To elevate the hyoid bone.
What are the borders of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck?
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.
Where does the geniohyoid muscle insert?
On the body of the hyoid bone.
Which muscles define the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
The sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trapezius muscle.
What is the significance of the posterior triangle in anatomy?
It contains important neurovascular structures, including the brachial plexus and external jugular vein.
What areas does the Great Auricular Nerve innervate?
It innervates the skin over the parotid gland and the ear.
Which muscle is located deep to the mylohyoid?
Geniohyoid.
What role does the sternocleidomastoid muscle play in neck anatomy?
It is a key muscle that helps in head rotation and flexion.
What muscles does CN XI innervate?
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.
What is the significance of CN XI in the posterior triangle?
It plays a crucial role in head movement and shoulder elevation.
What does the superficial temporal vein drain?
The scalp and parts of the face.
What does the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) supply?
Most muscles of the tongue.
What are the main muscles found in the Suprahyoid Region of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck?
Suprahyoid muscles.
What are the muscles located in the submandibular triangle?
Suprahyoid muscles: Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid.
What are the three types of scalene muscles?
Anterior, Middle, and Posterior.
What are the deep layers of deep fascia?
Alar Fascia and Prevertebral layer.
What is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?
On the body of the mandible.
Where does the mylohyoid muscle insert?
On the body of the hyoid bone via midline raphe.
What is the nerve supply for the geniohyoid muscle?
Anterior ramus of C1 (via CN XII).
What will be studied in the 'Neurovasculature of the Neck' lecture?
Deep structures of the Posterior Triangle.
What nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle?
Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3).
What is the external jugular vein?
A superficial vein of the neck that drains blood from the head and neck.
What is the function of the Accessory Nerve (CN XI)?
Supplies the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius muscles.
What is the action of the digastric muscle?
Helps to open the jaw and draw the hyoid bone anteriorly.
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
The submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles.
What is the anterior jugular vein?
A superficial vein that drains the anterior part of the neck.
What are the components of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?
Submental Triangle, Submandibular Triangle, Carotid Triangle, and Muscular Triangle.
What structures are found in the Submental Triangle?
Submental lymph nodes, Mylohyoid muscle, Submental artery and vein.
Where does the stylohyoid muscle insert?
It inserts on the hyoid bone.
What is the role of the omohyoid muscle?
It helps in depressing the hyoid bone and stabilizing it.
What condition is associated with the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Torticollis.
Which cranial nerve is associated with the Carotid Triangle and is responsible for tongue movement?
CN XII (Hypoglossal Nerve).
What occurs during bilateral contraction of the SCM?
It flexes the neck.
What is the function of the Ansa Cervicalis?
Motor innervation to the infrahyoid muscles.
Name one of the infrahyoid muscles.
Omohyoid.
What are the spaces created by deep fascia in the neck?
They include potential spaces that can become sites for infection or fluid accumulation.
What major nerve plexus is found in the posterior triangle?
The brachial plexus.
What structure does the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle pass through?
A facial sling.
What anatomical area does the mylohyoid muscle span?
The entire floor of the mouth.
What type of pain is associated with diaphragmatic irritation?
Diaphragmatic pain.
What muscles define the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
The sternocleidomastoid, mandible, and midline of the neck.
What is the function of the maxillary vein?
It drains blood from the maxillary region and contributes to the formation of the retromandibular vein.
Where does the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) travel?
In the submandibular triangle and with the lingual artery.
Which nerve is a continuation of the Vagus Nerve and innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Inferior Laryngeal Nerve.
What is the Submandibular Triangle?
A triangle located beneath the mandible, part of the Anterior Cervical Triangle.
What vein runs superficially in the anterior triangle?
External jugular vein.
What does the sternothyroid muscle do?
It depresses the thyroid cartilage.
Which artery is a major blood supply in the Carotid Triangle?
Common carotid artery.
Which muscles are found in the Posterior Triangle of the Neck?
Omohyoid, scalene muscles, levator scapulae, and splenius capitis.
What is the function of the geniohyoid muscle?
Draws the hyoid bone forward and assists in opening the mandible.
What is CN XI commonly known as?
The accessory nerve.
What is the primary function of the mylohyoid muscle?
Raises the floor of the mouth, helps to open the mandible, and moves the mouth side to side.
What are the four muscles mentioned in the text?
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid.
What is the function of the sternohyoid muscle?
It depresses the hyoid bone.
How can surface anatomy assist in diagnosing neck conditions?
By palpating landmarks and assessing for abnormalities.
What is the significance of the posterior triangle of the neck?
It contains important nerves and blood vessels, including the brachial plexus.
What is a risk associated with the Accessory Nerve (CN XI)?
It is susceptible to injury.
What is the function of the Internal branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve?
Provides sensory innervation to the larynx.
What are the Supraclavicular nerves responsible for?
They provide sensory innervation to the skin over the shoulder and upper chest.
How does the nerve to the thyrohyoid muscle (C1) travel?
Along with the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII).
What is the origin of the stylohyoid muscle?
It originates on the styloid process.
What is the role of the Vagus nerve in the Anterior Triangle?
It innervates various structures in the neck.
What is the thyrohyoid membrane?
A connective tissue structure that connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone.
What is the pattern of superficial venous drainage of the neck?
It can be sketched and labeled.
Which plexus is found in the Posterior Triangle?
Cervical plexus.
In which anatomical region is CN XI located?
The posterior triangle of the neck.
What vein is prominently located in the posterior triangle?
The external jugular vein.
What is the cranial nerve number for the Vagus Nerve?
CN X.
Which nerve supplies the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Trigeminal nerve (V3).
What is the anterior triangle of the neck?
A region of the neck defined by the midline of the neck, the mandible, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What is the action of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Elevates the hyoid bone.
What is the function of the External branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve?
Provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle.
What gland is located in the Submandibular Triangle?
Submandibular gland.
What is the Carotid Triangle?
A triangle that contains important neurovascular structures, part of the Anterior Cervical Triangle.
What is unique about the tendon of the stylohyoid muscle?
The tendon splits to envelop the digastric muscle.
What is the function of the thyrohyoid muscle?
It elevates the thyroid cartilage and depresses the hyoid bone.
What are the functions of the deep cervical fascia?
It has various supportive and protective functions.
What is Erb’s point?
A location where several cutaneous nerves emerge in the Posterior Triangle.
Which spinal nerves are associated with the Transverse Cervical Nerve?
C2 and C3.
What structures are found in the anterior triangle of the neck?
The hyoid bone, thyroid gland, and major blood vessels.
Where does the Accessory Nerve (CN XI) course?
Superficially through the posterior triangle.
Which nerve branches off the Vagus Nerve to provide sensory innervation to the larynx?
Superior laryngeal nerve.
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
The sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and clavicle.
What muscles are associated with the anterior triangle of the neck?
The sternocleidomastoid and the digastric muscles.
What muscle is associated with the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?
Platysma.
What is the anterior triangle?
A region of the neck defined by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the mandible, and the midline of the neck.
What muscle is abbreviated as SCM?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What is the cricothyroid ligament?
A ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage.
Which nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
Superior laryngeal nerve.
How are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus distributed in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
They can be sketched in relation to the muscle.
Which nerve is responsible for sensation in the lesser occipital region?
Lesser occipital nerve.
What is the clinical relevance of the posterior triangle?
It is a common site for lymph node examination and potential surgical access.
What are the two branches of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve?
Internal branch and External branch.
What is the function of the Lesser Occipital nerve?
It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the neck and scalp.
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?
The midline of the neck, the mandible, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
What is the Anterior Cervical Triangle?
A region of the neck divided into smaller triangles including the submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles.
What is Erb’s Point?
It is the location on the neck where the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge.
What muscles are present in the Infrahyoid Region's Muscular Triangle?
Infrahyoid muscles.
What is the significance of the Submental artery and vein?
They supply and drain the submental region.
What is located in the Submandibular Triangle?
Submandibular gland, facial artery and vein, digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, hypoglossal nerve, and mylohyoid muscle.
What is the isthmus gland?
A part of the thyroid gland that connects the two lobes.
How do muscles in the neck define the various triangles?
Muscles are used to delineate the boundaries of the triangles.
How do the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles affect the larynx during swallowing?
They elevate and depress the larynx.
Which cranial nerve is associated with the Posterior Triangle?
Accessory nerve.
What is the relationship between the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles?
Both are infrahyoid muscles involved in the movement of the hyoid and thyroid cartilage.
What is the retromandibular vein?
A vein that forms from the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins.
Which nerve supplies the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Facial nerve (CN VII).
What does the Transverse Cervical nerve innervate?
It innervates the skin of the anterior neck.
Which important nerve is located in the posterior triangle?
The accessory nerve (CN XI).
What is the Submental Triangle?
A small triangle located beneath the chin, part of the Anterior Cervical Triangle.
What is the Muscular Triangle?
A triangle that contains the infrahyoid muscles, part of the Anterior Cervical Triangle.
Which cranial nerve innervates the stylohyoid muscle?
Facial nerve, CN VII.
What structures are found in the Carotid Triangle?
Parotid gland, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, nerve to thyrohyoid, ansa cervicalis, thyrohyoid membrane, superior laryngeal nerve, cricothyroid, carotid sheath, internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve, and internal and external carotid arteries.
What is the thyroid gland responsible for?
Producing hormones that regulate metabolism.
Which muscle is associated with the Posterior Triangle?
Platysma.
What is the course of the accessory nerve (CN XI) in the posterior triangle of the neck?
It can be described in detail.
What nerve is responsible for innervating the larynx?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
What area does the Greater Auricular nerve supply?
It supplies sensation to the skin over the parotid gland and the ear.
What major structures are found within the anterior triangle of the neck?
The carotid arteries, jugular veins, and various nerves including the vagus nerve.
What is the role of the nerve to the thyrohyoid muscle (C1)?
Supplies the thyrohyoid muscles.
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?
The submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles.
Which structures are found in the Carotid Triangle?
Deep cervical nodes, branches of carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, cervical sympathetics.
What is the action of the stylohyoid muscle?
It elevates the hyoid bone.
What is the function of the Ansa cervicalis?
It provides motor innervation to some infrahyoid muscles.
What features on the anterior surface of the neck are caused by cartilaginous structures?
Various cartilaginous features can be identified.
What vein is prominent in the Posterior Triangle?
External jugular vein.
What is the function of the Great auricular nerve?
Provides sensation to the skin over the parotid gland and ear.
What is the significance of the anterior triangle in clinical practice?
It is important for surgical access and understanding the vascular and nervous structures in the neck.
What gland is located in the Infrahyoid Region?
Thyroid gland.
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
It supports the tongue and is an attachment point for muscles associated with swallowing.
Which nerve is associated with the Submandibular Triangle?
Hypoglossal nerve.
What is the role of the internal jugular vein?
It drains blood from the brain, face, and neck.
What is the term for the area known as the Posterior Triangle?
Lateral Cervical Triangle.
What is the distribution of the cervical branch of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)?
It can be described in detail.
What is the cricoid cartilage?
A ring-shaped cartilage located below the thyroid cartilage in the larynx.
What is the relationship between the carotid sheath and major vessels?
The carotid sheath contains the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve.
How can the neck be arranged?
Into muscular, vascular, and visceral regions.
What are the main neurovascular, glandular, or visceral structures within each triangle of the neck?
They can be identified within each triangle.
What layer of fascia surrounds the structures in the Posterior Triangle?
Investing layer of fascia.
Which nerve supplies the skin of the anterior neck?
Transverse cervical nerve.
What are the Supraclavicular nerves responsible for?
Providing sensation to the skin over the shoulder and upper chest.
