What process is associated with the aging of hyaline cartilage?
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Calcification.
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What process is associated with the aging of hyaline cartilage?
Calcification.
What role does Type IX collagen play in cartilage?
It facilitates fibril interaction with matrix proteoglycan.
What is a lacuna?
A small cavity or space in the cartilage matrix that houses chondrocytes.
What type of cartilage contains chondrocytes?
Hyaline cartilage.
What happens to chondroblasts during chondrogenesis?
They move apart as the matrix is deposited.
What is the primary function of the epiphyseal plate?
To allow for the lengthening of bones during growth.
What role does cartilage play in development?
It is key in the development of the fetal skeleton and in growing bones.
What does basophilia indicate in the ground substance?
It stains with basic dyes, such as hematoxylin.
What does hyaline cartilage look like in the living state?
It appears glassy.
What is the concentration of sulfated proteoglycans in the Territorial Matrix?
Lower concentration compared to other regions.
What happens to chondroblasts as they deposit the matrix?
They move apart and become chondrocytes.
How many different regions of the matrix are identified based on stain intensity?
Three different regions.
What are the other types of collagen secreted by chondrocytes besides type II?
Type VI, IX, X, and XI.
Where does appositional growth occur?
On the surface of cartilage.
What structures should be identified in hyaline cartilage under light microscopy?
Lacunae, chondrocytes, isogenous groups, extracellular matrix (capsular, territorial, and interterritorial), and perichondrium.
What does the matrix of elastic cartilage contain?
A dense network of branching and anastomosing elastic fibers and sheets of elastic material.
What type of cartilage is characterized by a glassy appearance and is found in joints, ribs, and the nose?
Hyaline cartilage.
What is the composition of the Annulus Fibrosus?
It is composed of concentric layers of collagen fibers.
What are the cells called that are found within cartilage and maintain its matrix?
Chondrocytes.
What type of collagen is found in the extracellular matrix of Fibrocartilage?
Type I collagen.
What accounts for the resilience of cartilage?
The extensive extracellular matrix.
Which tube is associated with elastic cartilage?
Eustachian tube (Auditory Tube).
What is the concentration of proteoglycans in the Interterritorial Matrix?
Lowest concentration of proteoglycans.
What makes hyaline cartilage prone to calcification?
The presence of calcium phosphate crystals.
What covers hyaline cartilage?
Perichondrium.
What are the two layers of the perichondrium in growing cartilage?
Inner cellular layer (chondrogenic layer) and outer fibrous layer.
What is a chondrogenic nodule?
A small, localized area of cartilage formation.
What cells are primarily involved in the formation of chondrogenic nodules?
Chondrocytes and chondroblasts.
What is cartilage?
A specialized connective tissue that combines rigidity, elasticity, and resilience.
At what stage of life is the epiphyseal plate most active?
During childhood and adolescence.
What organelles are abundant in chondrocytes as observed in electron microscopy?
Numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and a large Golgi apparatus.
What does the Interterritorial Matrix surround?
The territorial matrix.
What are the three regions of the extracellular matrix based on stain intensity?
Capsular (Pericellular) matrix, Territorial Matrix, Interterritorial Matrix.
What role do inner perichondrial cells play in cartilage growth?
They differentiate into chondroblasts guided by the expression of SOX-9.
What are the spaces called that are found throughout the cartilage matrix?
Lacunae.
What happens to diffusion when the cartilage matrix is calcified?
Diffusion is impaired.
What is the function of Type XI collagen in cartilage?
It regulates fibril size.
What is a significant age-related change in hyaline cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage is prone to calcification.
What are the three types of cartilage based on their extracellular matrix characteristics?
Hyaline Cartilage, Elastic Cartilage, Fibrocartilage.
What is the outer layer of cartilage called?
Outer Fibrous Layer.
What are the three major classes of molecules in the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage?
Collagen, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.
What is the primary characteristic of elastic cartilage?
It contains a high density of elastic fibers, allowing for flexibility and resilience.
Where is elastic cartilage found in the body?
In the pinna or auricle of the external ear.
What does the Territorial Matrix contain?
Matrix within the isogenous groups and randomly arranged type II collagen fibrils.
What type of cartilage is found in the epiphyseal plate?
Hyaline cartilage.
How does Anchorin CII function in hyaline cartilage?
It helps anchor chondrocytes to the matrix and functions as a collagen receptor on chondrocytes.
Which type of collagen is most numerous in hyaline cartilage?
Type II collagen.
What is the function of proteoglycan aggregates?
They permit diffusion of nutritive substances to chondrocytes.
What covers elastic cartilage?
Perichondrium.
What type of collagen fibrils are found in the Capsular Matrix?
Only type VI collagen fibrils.
What is a consequence of calcification in hyaline cartilage?
It leads to chondrocyte cell death.
What happens to glycosaminoglycan content in osteoarthritis?
It decreases.
What is endochondral ossification?
A process during growth where hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone.
Where can fibrocartilage be found?
In intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci of the knee.
Which collagen types are present in hyaline cartilage besides type II?
Types IX, X, and XI.
What is the primary function of hyaline cartilage?
To provide smooth surfaces for joint movement and support in various structures.
Where can you find articular cartilage?
In synovial joints.
Where does interstitial growth occur?
In growth plates, articular cartilage, and in embryonic cartilage formation.
What is fibrocartilage composed of?
A combination of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage.
What property does the elastic material in elastic cartilage provide?
Elasticity.
What role does the Annulus Fibrosus play in the intervertebral disc?
It helps to contain the nucleus pulposus and absorb compressive forces.
What role do multiadhesive glycoproteins play in hyaline cartilage?
They influence the interaction between chondrocytes and the matrix molecules.
What are the main components of the cartilage matrix?
Cells (chondrocytes) and an extensive extracellular matrix (95%).
Where do chondrocytes reside within the cartilage?
In spaces known as lacunae.
What do proteoglycans consist of?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked to a core protein.
What role does elastic cartilage play in the body?
It provides support while allowing for flexibility in certain structures.
What are the two types of cartilage growth?
Interstitial growth and appositional growth.
What is embryonic cartilage?
A type of cartilage that forms during the early stages of embryonic development.
What type of cells compose the Perichondrium?
Cells indistinguishable from fibroblasts.
What occurs during interstitial growth of cartilage?
New cartilage forms within an existing cartilage mass.
Where is hyaline cartilage found in the nasal structure?
In the nasal septum.
What are the functions of chondroblasts?
They produce and maintain the cartilage matrix.
What enzyme activity enhances in osteoarthritis?
Matrix metalloproteinase enzyme activity.
How does aging affect hyaline cartilage?
Calcification occurs commonly, replacing portions of cartilage with bone, especially in tracheal cartilage.
What type of cartilage is found in the bronchi?
Cartilaginous plates of hyaline cartilage.
Where is hyaline cartilage typically found?
In the nose, trachea, and at the ends of long bones.
What are the main components of proteoglycans in hyaline cartilage?
Aggrecan hyaluronan aggregates.
What type of cartilage is involved in interstitial growth?
Growth plates and articular cartilage.
What distinguishes elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage?
The presence of elastin in the cartilage.
What are elastic fiber condensations?
Structures formed by the aggregation of elastic fibers, providing flexibility and resilience.
What is the role of chondrocytes in elastic cartilage?
Chondrocytes maintain the cartilage matrix and produce elastic fibers.
What complication may arise in adults during cartilage repair?
Formation of new blood vessels at the site of a healing wound.
How does the Annulus Fibrosus contribute to spinal health?
By providing structural support and flexibility to the spine.
What is metachromasia?
It is when certain basic dyes react with tissue components, shifting their color from blue to red or purple.
What do chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage secrete?
Collagen (type II most numerous), glycosaminoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.
How does type II collagen contribute to the strength of hyaline cartilage?
It provides tensile strength.
What is osteoarthritis?
A disease of articular cartilage.
Why is the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) crucial for chondrocytes?
It is essential for their survival.
What type of collagen do chondrocytes in fibrocartilage produce?
Type II collagen.
What is interstitial growth?
A process where cartilage grows from within by the division of chondrocytes.
What transcription factor triggers the differentiation of chondrogenic nodule cells into chondroblasts?
SOX-9.
What type of collagen do fibroblasts produce?
Type I collagen.
What percentage of the extracellular matrix is made up of aggrecans in hyaline cartilage?
9%.
From which embryonic layer does most cartilage arise?
Mesenchyme/mesoderm.
Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?
No, fibrocartilage is not covered with perichondrium.
What role does fibrocartilage play in the body?
It acts as a shock absorber and provides tensile strength.
In which areas of the body is fibrocartilage commonly found?
In areas that experience heavy pressure and tension, such as the knee joint and between vertebrae.
What is the name of the proteoglycan monomer formed by chondroitin and keratan sulfate?
Aggrecan.
How does Type X collagen contribute to cartilage structure?
It organizes fibrils into a three-dimensional hexagonal lattice.
What is a chondrocyte?
A specialized cell found in cartilage responsible for maintaining the cartilage matrix.
Is interstitial growth present in embryonic cartilage formation?
Yes, it occurs in embryonic cartilage formation.
What is the significance of chondrogenic nodules in cartilage?
They play a role in the regeneration and repair of cartilage tissue.
What is the function of the Outer Fibrous Layer?
Provides support and protection to cartilage.
What is the outer layer of connective tissue that surrounds cartilage called?
Perichondrium.
What forms around the chondrogenic nodule?
The perichondrium from mesenchymal tissue.
What is a key characteristic of elastic cartilage?
It provides flexibility and maintains shape due to the presence of elastic fibers.
What is the primary function of type II collagen in hyaline cartilage?
It provides cartilage shape.
What happens to chondrocytes as they secrete matrix material?
They get dispersed.
How does cartilage obtain nutrients?
Through diffusion.
What does the Capsular Matrix contain?
The highest concentration of proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and multiadhesive glycoprotein.
Is perichondrium present in articular cartilage?
No, perichondrium is absent in articular cartilage.
What are the main components of the extracellular matrix in cartilage?
Fibers (mostly collagen) and ground substance (glycosaminoglycans in the form of proteoglycan aggregates).
Where is hyaline cartilage commonly found?
In the nose, trachea, and at the ends of long bones.
What is the function of aggrecans in hyaline cartilage?
They bind water molecules with high affinity (60 - 80%).
How does embryonic cartilage differ from adult cartilage?
Embryonic cartilage is more flexible and less mineralized than adult cartilage.
Where are fibroblasts located in fibrocartilage?
Between chondrocyte groups.
What distinguishes fibrocartilage from other types of cartilage?
It contains a dense network of collagen fibers, making it very strong and able to withstand pressure, found in intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
What distinguishes elastic cartilage from the other types?
Its ability to return to its original shape after deformation.
What are the spaces called where chondrocytes live?
Lacunae.
What type of growth is characterized by the addition of new layers on the surface?
Appositional growth.
What type of collagen is found in Hyaline Cartilage?
Type II collagen.
What is a major reason for the limited ability of cartilage to repair?
Avasularity of cartilage.
What is the role of the Inner Chondrogenic Layer?
Involved in the growth and maintenance of cartilage.
What are the properties of the ground substance in hyaline cartilage?
It shows basophilia, metachromasia, and variable stain intensity.
Where is elastic cartilage commonly found in the body?
In structures such as the ear and the epiglottis.
What is an example of a multiadhesive glycoprotein in hyaline cartilage?
Anchorin CII.
What type of tissue is cartilage?
Avascular tissue.
What is the Perichondrium?
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds hyaline and elastic cartilage.
What is the clinical value of multiadhesive glycoproteins?
They are used as markers to detect cartilage turnover and degeneration.
What is chondrogenesis?
The process of cartilage formation.
What can happen to the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage?
It can undergo calcification.
What percentage of the extracellular matrix is made up of collagen fibrils in hyaline cartilage?
15%.
Where does calcification occur in growing and adult bones?
In the portion of articular cartilage in contact with the bone tissue.
What function does the blood supply in the Perichondrium serve?
It permits diffusion of nutrients and waste products between the perichondrium and cartilage matrix.
What role do chondrocytes play in interstitial growth?
Chondrocytes divide and produce new matrix, leading to an increase in cartilage size.
What is the significance of the extracellular matrix in embryonic cartilage?
It provides structural support and facilitates cell signaling during development.
What is the primary function of hyaline cartilage?
To provide support and flexibility.
What is the role of costal cartilage?
It connects the ribs to the sternum and is made of hyaline cartilage.
What are lipid droplets?
Fat storage structures found within chondrocytes, which can indicate metabolic activity.
What are the key features to identify in elastic cartilage?
Lacunae, chondrocytes, extracellular matrix, perichondrium, and elastic fibers.
What is the inner layer of cartilage known as?
Inner Chondrogenic Layer.
What is the proliferation ability of mature chondrocytes in adults?
Limited ability to proliferate.
Where is the Territorial Matrix located in relation to chondrocytes?
Away from chondrocytes.
What is appositional growth in cartilage?
New cartilage forms on the surface of existing cartilage.
What is another name for the external auditory meatus?
External acoustic meatus.
What components are included in the extracellular matrix of Fibrocartilage?
Type I collagen and all components of hyaline cartilage (type II collagen, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins).
How do chondrocytes derive nutrition?
By diffusion through the cartilage matrix.
What do new chondroblasts secrete during appositional growth?
Cartilage matrix on the surface of the existing cartilage.
What are the two types of cartilage growth?
Appositional growth and interstitial growth.
Where do the nutritive substances diffuse from in proteoglycan aggregates?
From blood vessels in the surrounding connective tissue.
What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage, specifically called articular cartilage.
How do new cartilage cells arise during interstitial growth?
From the division of chondrocytes within their lacunae.
What type of cartilage is present in the larynx?
Hyaline cartilage.
Where is elastic cartilage primarily found?
In structures that require flexibility, such as the ear and epiglottis.
What does the hydrated extracellular matrix provide for hyaline cartilage?
Resilience and diffusion of metabolites.
How do collagen fibrils help resist swelling pressure in hyaline cartilage?
They provide a framework to resist swelling pressure caused by aggrecans.
What facilitates the arrangement of collagen fibrils in hyaline cartilage?
Type X collagen.
What is the function of the chondrocyte nucleus?
It contains the genetic material and regulates the cell's activities, including the production of the cartilage matrix.
What components are found in the extracellular matrix of Hyaline Cartilage?
Type II collagen, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.
What are chondrocytes?
Cells that are completely surrounded by matrix.
What are the three types of cartilage based on their extracellular matrix characteristics?
Hyaline Cartilage, Elastic Cartilage, Fibrocartilage.
What components are found in the extracellular matrix of Elastic Cartilage?
Elastic fibers, elastic lamellae, and all components of hyaline cartilage (type II collagen, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins).
What are proteoglycan aggregates?
They consist of several proteoglycans linked together.
Where do new cartilage cells come from during appositional growth?
They are derived from the inner portion of the perichondrium.
What is chondrogenesis?
The process of cartilage formation.
What is Hyaline Cartilage Calcification?
The process where calcium phosphate crystals become embedded in the cartilage matrix.
What framework does type II collagen provide in hyaline cartilage?
A framework to resist the swelling pressure caused by proteoglycan molecules.
What role do collagen fibrils play in hyaline cartilage?
They provide tensile strength, shape, bind aggrecans, and support them.
What role does embryonic cartilage play in development?
It serves as a precursor to bone and helps shape the skeleton.
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.
What is the result of chondrocyte death and calcification in cartilage?
Removal of the dead and calcified matrix and its replacement by bone tissue.
What is the ground substance in the cartilage ECM composed of?
Glycosaminoglycans in the form of proteoglycan aggregates.
What is the role of chondrocytes?
They maintain the cartilage tissue.
In which type of cartilage is interstitial growth most commonly observed?
Hyaline cartilage.
What is the significance of interstitial growth in cartilage development?
It allows for the expansion of cartilage in response to mechanical stress and growth demands.
What role does elastic cartilage play in the body?
It provides both strength and elasticity, allowing structures to maintain shape while being flexible.
Which three GAGs are present in the proteoglycans of hyaline cartilage?
Hyaluronan, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Keratan Sulfate.
What type of cells are found in lacunae?
Chondrocytes.
Is there a clear division between the two layers of the perichondrium?
No, there is no clear division between the two layers.
What components are important to recognize in fibrocartilage?
Lacunae, chondrocytes, extracellular matrix, and collagen fibers.
How does the immobility of chondrocytes affect cartilage repair?
It limits the repair process.
What are the three different regions of the extracellular matrix based on staining properties?
Capsular (Pericellular) matrix, Territorial Matrix, Interterritorial Matrix.
What are the three different regions of the extracellular matrix based on staining property?
Capsular (Pericellular) matrix, Territorial Matrix, Interterritorial Matrix.
What do new blood vessels stimulate instead of cartilage repair?
Bone formation.
What do mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiate into during chondrogenesis?
Chondroblasts.
What information does the ground substance provide?
It provides information about the distribution and relative concentration of sulfated proteoglycan.
How does the staining intensity of the Territorial Matrix compare to the capsular matrix?
It stains less intensely than the capsular matrix.
How is the Perichondrium attached to cartilage?
It is firmly attached to the cartilage.
What happens to the extracellular matrix in osteoarthritis?
It degrades.
What type of cells aggregate to form chondrogenic nodules?
Chondroprogenitor mesenchymal cells.
What is the vascularization status of the Perichondrium?
It is rich in blood vessels.
How does interstitial growth differ from appositional growth?
Interstitial growth occurs from within the tissue, while appositional growth occurs at the surface.
What do chondroblasts secrete?
The cartilage matrix.
Where is fibrocartilage primarily distributed?
In areas where tensile strength is needed.
What forms between daughter cells during interstitial growth?
A partition is formed as new matrix is secreted.
What happens to the cells as matrix secretion continues?
The cells move further apart and occupy their own lacunae.
What is a key characteristic of elastic cartilage?
It contains elastic fibers, allowing flexibility.
What is the role of perichondrium in relation to hyaline cartilage?
It provides support and nourishment.
What is the function of the inner cellular layer of the perichondrium?
It gives rise to new cartilage cells (chondroblasts).
Where are chondrogenic nodules commonly found?
In areas undergoing cartilage development or repair.
What is the Annulus Fibrosus?
The outer ring of the intervertebral disc that provides strength and stability.
How are chondrocytes distributed in cartilage?
Singularly or in clusters.
What type of cartilage contains elastic fibers?
Elastic cartilage.
What are the initial cells involved in chondrogenesis?
Mesenchymal progenitor cells.
What does it indicate if chondrocytes are in isogenous groups?
They are newly divided cells.
What space does the Interterritorial Matrix occupy?
Space between isogenous groups of chondrocytes.
Give an example of a glycosaminoglycan found in proteoglycans.
Chondroitin sulfates.
What are chondrocytes?
Mature cartilage cells that were once chondroblasts.
What is interstitial growth in cartilage?
Growth that occurs from within the cartilage tissue.
What are the three main types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage.
Does elastic cartilage undergo calcification?
No, it does not undergo calcification.
How does cartilage calcification occur?
Through the deposition of calcium salts in the cartilage matrix.
What is the function of type VI collagen fibrils in the Capsular Matrix?
They anchor the chondrocyte to the matrix.
Do the surfaces of articular cartilage have perichondrium?
No, both surfaces do not have perichondrium.
What are chondroclasts considered to be?
Mature osteoclasts capable of removing cartilage tissue.
From where does cartilage in the head region arise?
Ectomesenchyme, derived from embryonic neural crest cells.
What is the epiphyseal plate also known as?
Epiphyseal growth plate.
How are chondrocytes arranged in fibrocartilage?
They are dispersed among collagen fibers, singularly, in single rows, or in isogenous groups.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
A hyaline cartilage plate located at the ends of long bones.
What forms when chondrocytes multiply within the matrix?
Isogenic cell clusters within a territorial matrix.
What are clusters of chondrocytes called?
Isogenous groups.
What happens to the epiphyseal plate after growth is complete?
It becomes ossified and turns into the epiphyseal line.
How does elastic cartilage differ from hyaline cartilage?
Elastic cartilage has more elastic fibers, making it more flexible than hyaline cartilage.
How can hyaline cartilage be distinguished in a tissue section?
By its smooth amorphous extracellular matrix.
What is the Capsular or Pericellular Matrix?
A ring of densely staining matrix immediately around the chondrocyte.
What structure in the throat contains elastic cartilage?
Epiglottis.
Where are chondrocytes located in hyaline cartilage?
Within the lacunae.
In which situations does calcification of hyaline cartilage occur?
In growing and adult bones, during endochondral ossification, and as part of the aging process.
How does chondrocyte metabolism change in osteoarthritis?
It alters.
What type of fibers are primarily found in the cartilage extracellular matrix?
Collagen fibers.
How does the appearance of chondrocyte cytoplasm vary?
It varies according to the activity level of the chondrocytes.
What type of collagen primarily makes up the fibrils in hyaline cartilage?
Type II collagen.
What are the results of osteoarthritis on cartilage?
Breakdown of proteoglycan and collagen, loss of cartilage, and bone-on-bone contact.
What is one location of fibrocartilage in the human body?
Annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs.
Which joint contains an articular disc made of fibrocartilage?
Temporomandibular joint.
What are the two types of cartilage growth?
Appositional growth and interstitial growth.
What do chondrocytes produce?
The extracellular matrix.
What are examples of substances that exhibit metachromasia?
Ground substance of cartilage, heparin, and histamine-containing granules of mast cells.
What are the two surfaces of articular cartilage?
A free articular surface and a surface in contact with bone.
What changes occur in the cartilage matrix during osteoarthritis?
Degeneration and alteration of the matrix components.
Which cartilage supports the trachea?
Hyaline cartilage.
What is the function of the perichondrium?
It provides support and nourishment to cartilage.
Does articular cartilage persist throughout life?
Yes, it persists throughout adult life.
How are lipid droplets visualized in older chondrocytes?
As clear areas within the cytoplasm.
What do chondrocytes do to form isogenic cell clusters?
They divide.
What is appositional growth in cartilage?
Growth that occurs at the surface of the cartilage.
Where are chondrocytes found in fibrocartilage?
In the immediate vicinity of chondrocytes.
What is hyaline cartilage?
A type of cartilage that provides support with some flexibility and is found in areas like the nose, trachea, and ends of long bones.
What happens to daughter cells of dividing chondrocytes initially?
They occupy the same lacuna.
What indicates protein synthesis in active chondrocytes?
Cytoplasmic basophilia.
What is articular cartilage a remnant of?
The original hyaline cartilage template of the developing bone.
How are collagen fibrils arranged in hyaline cartilage?
In a three-dimensional hexagonal lattice.
How does the structure of hyaline cartilage differ from that of fibrocartilage?
Hyaline cartilage has a smooth matrix, while fibrocartilage has dense collagen fibers.
What is the role of fibrocartilage in the sternoclavicular joint?
It serves as an articular disc.
What occurs to chondrocytes when the cartilage matrix is calcified?
They swell and die.
What are the main types of embryonic cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage is the primary type found in embryos.
What is a key characteristic of elastic cartilage?
It contains a high density of elastic fibers, allowing for flexibility.
Which cells are responsible for the removal of calcified cartilage matrix?
Phagocytes (chondroclasts and osteoclasts).
What are the main differences between hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage?
They differ in composition and distribution.
What cellular structure is prominent in active chondrocytes?
A large Golgi apparatus.
What do older, less active chondrocytes contain in their cytoplasm?
Stores of glycogen and lipid droplets.
Where is fibrocartilage commonly located?
In intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
What is another location where fibrocartilage can be found?
Symphysis pubis.
What is the triangular fibrocartilage complex associated with?
The wrist.
Where else can fibrocartilage be found in relation to tendons?
At some sites where tendons attach to bones.
Which joint features menisci made of fibrocartilage?
Knee joint.
What are the three major classes of molecules in the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage?
Collagen, Proteoglycans, and Multiadhesive Glycoproteins.
During which period is the epiphyseal plate present in long bones?
During the growth period.
