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Renal Disorders-Immunity - Tagged

Created by Jayden

p.1

Which of the following best describes renal agenesis?

A. Complete failure of kidney development
B. Underdeveloped but present kidney
C. Multiple cysts replacing renal parenchyma
D. Obstruction of urine outflow by stones
E.

Select an answer

p.1

Explanation

Renal agenesis is the complete failure of kidney development; bilateral is incompatible with life while unilateral is more common with compensatory hypertrophy.

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1 / 52
p.1

Which of the following best describes renal agenesis?

A

p.21

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for phagocytosis and antigen presentation to initiate adaptive immunity?

A

p.1

Renal hypoplasia is most likely to present with which of the following?

B

p.2

Renal dysplasia increases the risk of which pediatric tumor?

C

p.3

Which statement about cystic kidney diseases is correct?

B

p.4

Which is the most common inherited kidney disease characterized by expanding renal cysts?

A

p.4

Which imaging modalities are commonly used to diagnose ADPKD?

D

p.4

Primary management of symptoms in ADPKD focuses on:

B

p.5

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) typically:

C

p.5

Which of the following is a common feature of ARPKD in affected neonates?

A

p.6

Which description fits nephronophthisis?

B

p.6

Medullary cystic kidney disease is best characterized by:

C

p.7

Simple renal cysts are most commonly found in which population and may cause which complication?

B

p.8

Acute nephrotic syndrome typically includes all of the following EXCEPT:

C

p.9

Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis commonly follows infection with which organism and after what timing?

B

p.9

Which of the following is a typical sign of acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis?

A

p.10

The most common cause of acute pyelonephritis is:

C

p.10

Which of the following is included in the usual presentation of acute pyelonephritis?

B

p.11

Which statement correctly contrasts AKI and CKD?

A

p.12

By definition, acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs within what timeframe?

B

p.13

Which is the most common category of AKI and is characterized by decreased renal blood flow?

A

p.13

Which of the following medications can precipitate prerenal AKI by affecting renal perfusion or autoregulation?

C

p.14

Postrenal AKI is most commonly caused by:

D

p.15

Intrarenal kidney injury results from which of the following?

B

p.16

Which set of diagnostic tests is appropriate for evaluating AKI?

A

p.17

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of AKI?

C

p.18

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by decline in renal function for at least:

C

p.18

Which of the following are major causes of CKD?

A

p.18

Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen as CKD progresses?

B

p.19

Which neurological and cardiovascular signs are associated with acute renal failure?

D

p.19

Which urine findings are commonly seen in CKD?

A

p.20

Which of the following best defines immunity?

B

p.21

Which group of cells are classified as granulocytes?

C

p.22

Which organ is a central lymphoid organ where T cells mature?

B

p.23

Which component is NOT part of innate immunity?

D

p.24

Which feature describes the epithelial barrier's role in innate immunity?

A

p.25

Which innate cell type is an early responder and specialized for phagocytosis?

B

p.26

Opsonins and cytokines are important in innate immunity because they:

C

p.27

Which pathway of complement activation is primarily triggered by antibody bound to microbial surfaces?

A

p.28

Adaptive immunity differs from innate immunity mainly because it:

D

p.29

Which of the following is an example of a non-microbial antigen?

B

p.30

CD4+ helper T cells are essential because they:

A

p.31

MHC Class I molecules primarily present antigen to which cells?

C

p.32

What characterizes the primary humoral immune response?

B

p.33

Which immunoglobulin is most associated with allergic responses?

D

p.34

Active immunity is best described as:

A

p.35

Which statement about passive immunity is correct?

C

p.36

Loss of immune tolerance most directly leads to:

B

p.37

Which statement about maternal antibody transfer is true?

A

p.38

Which change in immunity is commonly seen with aging?

B

p.27

Which statement best summarizes the complement system's role?

A

p.10

Typical antibiotic treatment duration for uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis is:

B

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