What are the characteristics of a fissured tongue?
Click to see answer
Folds and furrows of the tongue dorsum.
Click to see question
What are the characteristics of a fissured tongue?
Folds and furrows of the tongue dorsum.
What syndrome is associated with fissured tongue?
Melkersson - Rosenthal Syndrome, which includes fissured tongue, granulomatous cheilitis, and facial paralysis.
What is lymphangioma?
A congenital focal proliferation of lymph vessels.
What is the clinical term for a radiolucency between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor?
Globulomaxillary Lesion
What is Linea Alba?
A white line in the buccal mucosa that is a type of focal hyperkeratosis due to chronic friction on the mucosa.
What is a Branchial Cyst?
A Branchial Cyst is an epithelial cyst located within a lymph node of the neck, often presenting as a lateral neck swelling.
What is fibromatosis?
A neoplasm of fibroblasts that is difficult to eradicate and often recurs.
What is the odontogenic neoplasm composed of loose, primitive-appearing connective tissue that resembles dental pulp microscopically known as?
E. Odontogenic myxoma
Which condition would conservative surgical excision be an appropriate treatment for?
A. Nodular fasciitis
What is Verruca Vulgaris?
A common skin wart caused by several strains of HPV.
What are the characteristics of oral lymphangiomas?
They are very rare and appear as purple spots on the tongue.
What is the inheritance pattern of Ectodermal Dysplasia?
X-linked recessive
Which syndrome commonly presents with light-brown patchy macules?
A. Neurofibromatosis type I
What is the prevalence of cleft palate in births?
Approximately 1 in 2000 births.
What are some common agents that can cause chemical burns in the oral cavity?
Aspirin, hydrogen peroxide, silver nitrate, and phenol are common agents that can cause chemical burns.
What is Actinic Cheilitis?
Actinic Cheilitis is a condition caused by sun damage, particularly from UVB rays.
What is Ewing’s Sarcoma?
Ewing’s Sarcoma is a sarcoma of long bones involving 'round cells' and seldom affects the jaws. It primarily affects children and involves swelling.
What is Leukoedema?
Leukoedema is a white or whitish-gray edematous lesion of the buccal mucosa that dissipates when the cheek is stretched.
Which odontogenic cyst occurs as a result of stimulation and proliferation of the reduced enamel epithelium?
A. Dentigerous cyst
What is a Mucous Retention Cyst?
A Mucous Retention Cyst is a true cyst lined by epithelium, caused by blockage of a salivary duct by a sialolith.
Acantholysis, resulting from desmosome weakening by autoantibodies directed against the protein desmoglein, is the disease mechanism attributed to which condition?
Pemphigus vulgaris
What are angiomas composed of?
Angiomas are tumors composed of blood vessels or lymph vessels.
What is a cystic hygroma?
It is a term used when lymphangioma occurs in the neck.
What are common features of Ectodermal Dysplasia?
Missing teeth and hypoplastic hair or nails
What is Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma (PLGA)?
It is the second most common salivary gland malignancy for minor glands.
What is a melanotic macule?
A benign hyperpigmentation in the mucous membrane, essentially a freckle of the mucosa.
What causes cleft palate?
Lack of fusion between palatal shelves.
What is a Schwannoma?
A neoplasm of Schwann cells.
Which lesion is an exception for the presence of HPV? A. Oral papillomas B. Verruca vulgaris C. Condyloma acuminatum D. Condyloma latum E. Focal epithelial hyperplasia
D. Condyloma latum
A cutaneous maculopapular rash of the head and neck preceded by Koplik’s spots in the buccal mucosa would suggest which of the following?
B. Rubeola
What is Necrotizing Sialometaplasia?
A rapidly expanding ulcerative lesion usually due to ischemic necrosis of minor salivary glands in response to trauma or local anesthesia.
What are Fordyce Granules?
Ectopic sebaceous glands that appear as small, painless, pale bumps in the oral cavity.
What is a Stafne Bone Defect?
A Stafne Bone Defect is characterized by a radiolucency in the posterior mandible located below the mandibular canal, caused by the lingual concavity of the jaw.
What is Sturge-Weber Syndrome?
It is characterized by angiomas of the leptomeninges and skin along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve.
What does the prefix 'Adeno' refer to?
It refers to gland.
What is the odontogenic neoplasm composed of loose, primitive-appearing connective tissue that resembles dental pulp microscopically?
Ameloblastic fibroma
What syndrome is associated with melanotic macules?
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, which includes freckles and intestinal polyps.
What is a dermoid cyst?
A dermoid cyst is a mass that can occur in the midline floor of the mouth if located above the mylohyoid muscle, or in the upper neck if below the mylohyoid. It contains adnexal structures such as hair and sebaceous glands and has a doughy consistency.
Which odontogenic cyst occurs as a result of stimulation and proliferation of the reduced enamel epithelium?
A. Dentigerous cyst
What is Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid characterized by?
Autoantibodies against the basement membrane.
What are Verocay bodies?
Acellular structures found in Antoni A tissue, resembling a line of scrimmage.
What is Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
A genetic condition characterized by intrinsic alteration of enamel affecting all teeth from both dentitions, resulting in thin to no enamel while dentin and pulp remain normal.
What is the typical treatment for Necrotizing Sialometaplasia?
It heals on its own in 6 - 10 weeks.
What are some common causes of gingival hyperplasia?
Calcium channel blockers, Dilantin (anticonvulsant), and Cyclosporine (immunosuppressant).
What condition is most likely indicated by two cystic radiolucencies in the mandible of a 16-year-old boy, lined by thin, parakeratinized epithelium with palisading of basal cells, with all teeth being vital and no symptoms present?
Odontogenic keratocysts
Intracellular viral inclusions are seen in tissue specimens of which condition?
D. Hairy leukoplakia
What is an Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst?
An epithelial cyst located within lymphoid tissue of the oral mucosa.
What is the inheritance pattern of Cherubism?
Autosomal dominant
What is Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis?
It is a condition similar to previous osteomyelitis but on a wider scale, which may lead to jaw fracture and osteomyelitis.
What is another name for a fibroma?
Traumatic fibroma, irritation fibroma, and hyperplastic scar.
What is a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst?
A midline neck swelling located along the embryonic path of thyroid descent.
What is the nature of ameloblastoma?
Ameloblastoma is benign but aggressive.
What should a patient be advised regarding when diagnosed with an odontogenic keratocyst?
C. Associated recurrence rate
What is leukoplakia?
Leukoplakia is a clinical description characterized by a white patch that does not rub off.
What are the inheritance patterns of Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
It can be autosomal dominant, recessive, or X-linked.
What bacterium causes Gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What is Warthin's Tumor composed of?
Warthin's Tumor is composed of oncocytes and lymphoid cells.
What are the causes of Verrucous Carcinoma?
Tobacco and HPV 16 and 18 are causes.
What is the treatment for gingival hyperplasia?
Gingivectomy and discontinuation of the drug if possible.
What is Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia characterized by?
It is characterized by being recurrent and warty.
What is the most common salivary gland malignancy?
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
What is Nodular Fasciitis?
A neoplasm of fibroblasts that is easy to eradicate and rarely recurs.
What type of cancer is characterized by epithelial tissue?
Carcinoma
How does Pemphigoid differ from Pemphigus?
Pemphigoid occurs below the basement membrane, while Pemphigus occurs above it.
What are Bohn’s nodules?
Bohn’s nodules are small lesions found on the lateral palate in newborns.
Which syndrome classically contains lesions on oral, ocular, and genital regions?
B. Behcet’s Syndrome
A cutaneous maculopapulary rash of the head and neck preceded by Koplik’s spots in the buccal mucosa would suggest which of the following?
B. Rubeola
Where are common regions for Oral Lymphoepithelial Cysts?
The palatine and lingual tonsils.
What are the clinical features of Cherubism?
Symmetrical bilateral swelling and expansile bilateral multilocular radiolucencies
What disease mechanism is attributed to acantholysis resulting from desmosome weakening by autoantibodies directed against desmoglein?
Pemphigus vulgaris
What is a Primordial Cyst?
A Primordial Cyst develops where a tooth would have formed, most commonly in the mandibular third molar region.
What is Pyogenic Granuloma characterized by?
Hyperplasia of capillaries resulting in a red appearance.
What is another name for Geographic Tongue?
Benign migratory glossitis and erythema migrans.
What are the treatment options for Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis?
Treatment includes antibiotics and addressing the underlying cause.
What is an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst?
A pseudocyst composed of blood-filled spaces, characterized by multilocular radiolucency and expansile nature, commonly found in the posterior mandible.
What type of cells are characteristic of Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells, which are malignant B cells.
What is a characteristic radiographic finding in Chronic Osteomyelitis?
Diffuse mottled radiolucency.
What are the classic differential diagnoses for multilocular radiolucency in the posterior mandible?
The classic differential diagnoses include ameloblastoma, KCOT, CGCG, and COF.
What causes a fibroma?
Chronic trauma or irritation.
What ingredient in dentifrice is associated with sloughing?
Sodium lauryl sulfate.
What is the risk of development of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BRONJ) with IV compared to oral administration?
The risk of development is much greater with IV than oral administration.
What is a cementoblastoma?
A well-circumscribed radiopaque mass that consists of a ball of cementum and cementoblasts replacing the tooth root.
What is the typical treatment for Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
Full-coverage crowns for cosmetic purposes.
Is oral pharyngitis commonly seen in Gonorrhea?
Oral pharyngitis is rarely seen.
What types of cells compose Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma?
Mucous and epithelial cells
Which organization is concerned about gingival hyperplasia?
The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
What is the mandatory treatment for leukoplakia?
A biopsy is mandatory for leukoplakia.
What is an oncocyte?
An oncocyte is an epithelial cell with an excessive number of mitochondria.
What is another name for Multiple Myeloma?
Plasma cell myeloma.
What are Epstein’s pearls?
Epstein’s pearls are small lesions located on the midline palate in newborns.
What is another name for neurofibrosarcoma?
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Which HPV types are Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia associated with?
It may be associated with HPV 16 and 18.
How does Verrucous Carcinoma grow?
It is a slow-growing malignancy.
What is another name for Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT)?
Pindborg tumor
What is the difference between an erosion and an ulcer?
An erosion is an incomplete break, while an ulcer is a complete break through the epithelium.
What are the characteristics of Geographic Tongue?
White annular (ringed) lesions surrounding central red islands that migrate over time.
What is a hemangioma?
A congenital focal proliferation of capillaries.
Where is the Primordial Cyst most commonly found?
The Primordial Cyst is most commonly found in the mandibular third molar region.
When does the growth of Cherubism typically stop?
After puberty
What is the treatment for Nodular Fasciitis?
Surgical excision.
Which type of cancer originates from mesenchymal tissue?
Sarcoma
What are the radiographic features of an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst?
It presents as multilocular radiolucency and is expansile.
What causes Condyloma Acuminatum?
HPV 6 and 11
What causes Pyogenic Granuloma?
Chronic trauma or irritation.
What is the recommended treatment for ameloblastoma?
The recommended treatment is wide excision or resection.
Is Hodgkin's Lymphoma common in the oral cavity?
No, it is very rare in the oral cavity.
Which toothpaste brands are suggested to avoid sloughing?
Toms of Maine or Rembrandt.
What does the term 'sequestra' refer to in the context of Chronic Osteomyelitis?
A piece of dead bone.
What is a Monomorphic Adenoma composed of?
A Monomorphic Adenoma is composed of a single cell type.
What type of cells are involved in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)?
B or T cells
What is the characteristic radiographic appearance of Fibrous Dysplasia?
Ground-glass appearance.
What is a common symptom of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BRONJ)?
Jaw pain.
What is fusion in dental terms?
Fusion occurs when two buds merge into one tooth, resulting in a tooth count that is one less than normal.
What is leukemia?
Leukemia is a neoplasm of bone marrow cells, including lymphocytes, NK cells, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes.
What is the treatment for cementoblastoma?
Surgical excision and extraction.
What is Epulis fissuratum?
A type of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia that occurs in the vestibule.
What type of hyperplasia is associated with fibroma?
Fibrous hyperplasia of oral mucosa.
What is a leiomyoma?
A neoplasm of smooth muscle cells.
Which condition would conservative surgical excision be an appropriate treatment for?
A. Nodular fasciitis
What is Central Ossifying Fibroma composed of?
It is composed of fibroblastic stroma in which foci of mineralized products are formed.
What type of cells are involved in Multiple Myeloma?
Antibody-secreting B cells, also known as plasma cells.
What is one of the primary etiologic agents of aphthous stomatitis?
D. Human leukocyte antigen
Where is Warthin's Tumor usually found?
Warthin's Tumor is usually found in the parotid gland of older men.
What is a Cherry Angioma?
A Cherry Angioma is a type of red mole.
What causes the small lesions in newborns?
The small lesions are caused by rests of dental lamina that epithelialize.
How common are traumatic ulcers?
Traumatic ulcers are very common.
What typically happens to most hemangiomas?
Most undergo involution, but persistent lesions are excised.
Does Geographic Tongue cause pain?
Occasionally it can hurt and burn.
What is the Mucous Extravasation Phenomenon?
It is caused by trauma to the salivary duct.
Where is an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst most commonly located?
It is favored in the posterior mandible.
What type of radiographic appearance is associated with CEOT?
Radiolucency with driven snow calcifications (white flecks)
What is the treatment for a Primordial Cyst?
The treatment for a Primordial Cyst is complete removal.
What type of cells proliferate in neurofibrosarcoma?
Schwann cells
What is another name for Condyloma Acuminatum?
Genital wart
What is the risk associated with Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia?
There is a high risk of malignant transformation to SCC or verrucous carcinoma.
What is the microscopic pattern associated with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma?
Cribriform or Swiss cheese microscopic pattern
What are exostoses/tori?
Exostoses/tori are characterized by excessive cortical bone growth.
What is angioedema?
Angioedema is a diffuse swelling of the lips, neck, or face, often due to an allergic reaction to drugs or food.
What is the risk associated with conservative treatment of ameloblastoma?
There is a high recurrence rate if the treatment is too conservative.
What type of cancer affects the blood?
Leukemia
What is Garre’s Osteomyelitis?
Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periosteitis (onion skin).
What is the primary cause of Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Due to sun damage
What are the treatment options for Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
What are some types of Monomorphic Adenomas?
Types include basal cell adenoma, canalicular adenoma, myoepithelioma, and oncocytic tumor.
Which syndrome commonly presents with light-brown patchy macules (café au lait spots)?
A. Neurofibromatosis type I
What is Chondrosarcoma?
Chondrosarcoma is a sarcoma of the jaws where new cartilage is produced by tumor cells.
What is Burkitt’s Lymphoma?
A type of B cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma with bone marrow involvement.
When does Fibrous Dysplasia typically stop growing?
After puberty.
What are the treatment options for Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BRONJ)?
CHX rinse, antibiotics, and conservative surgery.
What is gemination in dental terms?
Gemination is when one root buds into two crowns, leading to a normal tooth count.
How is leukemia classified?
Leukemia is classified based on cell lineage (myeloid or lymphoid) and whether the disease is acute or chronic.
Sjogren’s Syndrome has been linked to which of the following malignancies?
B. Lymphoma
Sjogren’s Syndrome has been linked to which of the following malignancies?
B. Lymphoma
What is the inheritance pattern of White Sponge Nevus?
Autosomal dominant
What is a characteristic feature of Hairy Tongue?
Elongated filiform papillae
What is the histological composition of Central Odontogenic Fibroma (COF)?
Dense collagen with strands of epithelium.
What virus causes Oral Hairy Leukoplakia?
EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus)
How does Central Ossifying Fibroma appear radiographically?
It appears as a well-circumscribed radiolucency in the bone.
What is the treatment for Verrucous Carcinoma?
The treatment is excision.
What characteristic radiological finding is associated with Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple punched out radiolucencies, usually in the skull.
What is osteopetrosis also known as?
Alberts-Schonberg disease and marble bone disease.
What is Epidermolysis Bullosa?
A condition that causes skin (and mucosa) to be fragile and blister easily.
What is Erythema Multiforme and where can it occur?
Erythema Multiforme can occur on the lips and anywhere on the skin and mucosa.
What is the treatment for Gingival Cyst of Newborn?
No treatment is necessary as the cysts will involute as the infant ages.
What is the characteristic radiographic appearance of a Nasopalatine Duct Cyst?
Heart-shaped radiolucency in the nasopalatine canal.
What is another name for candidiasis?
Thrush
What is fibrosarcoma?
Fibrosarcoma is a malignant proliferation of fibroblasts.
What is the causative agent of Scarlet Fever?
Group A strep (Streptococcus pyogenes)
Where is Pyogenic Granuloma commonly found?
In the gingiva.
What is Papillary hyperplasia?
A form of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia that occurs on the palate.
What type of neoplasm is a rhabdomyoma?
A neoplasm of skeletal muscle cells.
Which lesion is NOT associated with HPV? A. Oral papillomas B. Verruca vulgaris C. Condyloma acuminatum D. Condyloma latum E. Focal epithelial hyperplasia
D. Condyloma latum
What condition is most likely indicated by two cystic radiolucencies in the mandible of a 16-year-old boy, lined by thin, parakeratinized epithelium with palisading of basal cells, with all teeth being vital and no symptoms present?
A. Odontogenic keratocysts
Intracellular viral inclusions are seen in tissue specimens of which condition?
D. Hairy leukoplakia
What is the most common location for Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumors (KCOT)?
The most common location for KCOT is the posterior ascending ramus of the mandible.
What is the treatment for Geographic Tongue?
None.
What is oral melanoma?
A malignancy of melanocytes.
Where is a mucocele commonly found?
A mucocele is common in the lower lip.
What histological feature is characteristic of CEOT?
Amorphous pink amyloid with concentric calcifications termed Liesegang rings
What is the treatment for an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst?
The treatment is excision.
What are the main causes of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Caused by oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
What is the 5-year survival rate for patients with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma?
70%
What are the characteristics of Regional Odontodysplasia?
Quadrant of teeth exhibit short roots, open apices, and enlarged pulp chambers, often referred to as ghost teeth.
What is Osteoblastoma?
A circumscribed opaque mass of bone and osteoblasts.
How can Condyloma Acuminatum be transmitted?
Through oral sex with someone who has genital warts
What are the treatment options for Chronic Osteomyelitis?
Antibiotics and debridement.
What mediates angioedema?
Angioedema is mediated by the release of IgE and histamines from mast cells.
How does Chondrosarcoma present and what is its treatment?
Chondrosarcoma has the same presentation and treatment as previous sarcomas.
Does Basal Cell Carcinoma commonly metastasize?
Very rarely metastasizes
What syndrome is associated with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia?
McCune-Albright Syndrome.
What is the treatment for Monomorphic Adenoma?
The treatment for Monomorphic Adenoma is surgical excision.
What are some symptoms of Burkitt’s Lymphoma?
Swelling, pain, tooth mobility, lip paresthesia, and halts root development.
What are the types of leukemia in order of severity?
The types of leukemia in order of severity are ALL > CML > AML > CLL.
What is another name for Odontogenic Myxoma?
Myxofibroma
Where is the Lateral Periodontal Cyst most commonly found?
In the mandibular premolar region.
What is another name for the major form of aphthous ulcers?
Sutton Disease
Which cancer type is associated with the lymphatic system?
Lymphoma
What is the radiographic appearance of Central Odontogenic Fibroma (COF) in the bone?
Well-defined multilocular radiolucency.
What are Koplik’s spots and when do they appear in measles?
Koplik’s spots are dot ulcers on the buccal mucosa that precede the skin rash in measles.
What are the clinical characteristics of White Sponge Nevus?
Asymptomatic spongy white buccal mucosa
