What is infant mortality rate?
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The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in a year.
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What is infant mortality rate?
The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in a year.
What are the social needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
Friendship, family, and sexual intimacy.
How is health defined in the context of mortality?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
What does a patient experiencing chronic pain typically want?
To seek medical advice or treatment options.
What is morbidity in the context of health assessment?
The occurrence of disease or illness in a population, including both fatal and non-fatal outcomes.
What does measuring the efficacy of health promotion interventions help with?
It assists in evaluating outcomes of professional actions.
What factors contribute to the variation in health needs definitions?
Diverse values, attitudes, and contexts of stakeholders.
What does health mean in the context of epidemiology?
The absence of disease.
What does cause-specific morbidity rate refer to?
Morbidity rate from a specific cause, such as lung cancer.
What are health needs?
Something people want or are lacking in comparison to others.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
What is the first step in measuring health?
Defining health needs.
What is the significance of measuring health?
To evaluate the outcomes of professional actions and improve health interventions.
What is social support composed of?
Social network and perceived adequacy.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Comparative Needs, Normative Needs, Felt Needs, and Expressed Needs.
What does morbidity refer to?
Unhealthy outcomes, including both fatal and non-fatal outcomes.
What health outcome is related to low birth weight?
It is related to maternal health risk.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Expressed Needs, Normative Needs, Comparative Needs, and Felt Needs.
How can demand for health needs be observed?
Through words and actions.
What is cause-specific mortality rate?
Mortality rate from a specific cause, such as lung cancer.
What is an example of a Felt Need?
Chronic pain relief, such as a patient seeking treatment for persistent back pain.
What did Bradshaw propose in 1972?
Four types of health and social needs.
What are comparative needs?
Needs identified by comparing the availability of services in different areas with similar populations.
What is the definition of health according to the text?
Absence of disease.
How are comparative needs assessed?
By comparing service availability across different areas.
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it includes physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
What is the social model of health?
Health is a product of biological, social, and environmental factors.
What is the significance of identifying different types of health needs?
It helps in understanding and addressing the specific health requirements of populations.
What are felt needs?
Subjective needs based on what people really want, influenced by personal experiences and feelings.
What follows after defining health needs?
Assessing health needs.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw?
Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Normative Needs, and Comparative Needs.
What does social capital enable individuals to do?
Work together effectively.
How does the infant mortality rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw?
Normative needs, felt needs, expressed needs, and comparative needs.
What is the significance of cause-specific morbidity rates in epidemiology?
They help in understanding the impact of specific diseases on public health.
What is an example of Comparative Needs in mental health services?
A city offering more comprehensive mental health support than another, highlighting a gap in service provision.
Why is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) considered a key indicator?
It reflects the overall health and well-being of a population.
What is the purpose of defining health needs?
To identify what individuals require for better health outcomes.
What does the disparity in mental health services between regions indicate?
A gap in service provision that needs addressing.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What is the medical model's definition of health?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it includes psychological well-being.
How can HDI and GDP per capita be compared?
They can be compared to analyze the relationship between economic performance and human development.
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
What contributes to increased health inequality?
Only loud and powerful voices get heard.
What is the purpose of collecting and evaluating health information?
To assist planning and establish priorities and standards for evaluating health promotion interventions.
How do stakeholders' values and attitudes influence health needs assessments?
They shape varied needs definitions, influencing identification and prioritization.
What does the Crude Mortality Rate measure?
Number of deaths per 1,000 people within a specific time frame.
How is health defined in the context of morbidity?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
What are expressed needs according to Bradshaw (1972)?
Felt needs that have been acted upon, indicating demand.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Felt needs, service needs, normative needs, and expressed needs.
What is an example of normative needs?
Vaccination requirements based on public health guidelines.
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
What are subjective measures of health related to?
Quality of life.
What is an example of expressed needs in health?
Emergency room visits for asthma attacks.
What is the source of the information provided?
Department of Health, Cervical Screening Programme Annual Statistics Report 2022.
What factors does the IMR reflect?
Quality of health care, maternal health, and socioeconomic conditions.
What is social capital?
Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and norms that facilitate cooperation within a community.
What is the SF-36 Health Survey?
A self-reported scale that measures health across 8 dimensions.
What happens if a patient's blood pressure exceeds normal levels?
Healthcare professionals determine a normative need for intervention to manage hypertension.
What type of need is based on actual services used by individuals?
Expressed Needs.
What does psychological well-being evaluate?
It evaluates emotional status, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience.
What is a challenge in defining quality of life?
Lack of consensus among experts.
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions or requests.
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
Is the concept of quality of life static?
No, it is still being refined and researched.
What is age-specific mortality rate?
Mortality rate in a specific age group (e.g., 75 years or above).
What does an increase in clinic visits for diabetes care indicate?
It indicates a community's expressed need for diabetes management and education.
What is an example of expressed needs in health care?
Increased clinic visits for diabetes care.
Why do nurses need to assess individuals?
To manage their care and encourage healthier lifestyles.
What is health defined as?
More than just the absence of disease.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Comparative Needs, Normative Needs, Felt Needs, and Expressed Needs.
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
What is an example of Comparative Needs?
Access to primary care in rural vs. urban areas.
What aspects of the physical environment are included in environmental indicators?
Air quality, water quality, housing type, density, carbon footprints, climate, and atmosphere.
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
What does prevalence measure?
The total number of existing cases (both new and pre-existing) of a condition within a specific time frame in a given population.
What is the Crude Incidence Rate?
Number of new cases for a specific disease per 1,000 people within a specific time frame.
Which department published the Cervical Screening Programme Annual Statistics Report?
Department of Health, Hong Kong.
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
What does the social model of health encompass?
Health is a product of biological, social, and environmental factors.
What is the significance of expressed needs in health care?
They indicate actual demand for services based on patient behavior.
Why is access to primary care important?
It is essential for ensuring adequate health services and addressing health disparities.
What are health behavior indicators used to measure?
The number or proportion (prevalence) of people engaging in specific health behaviors.
What does GDP stand for?
Gross Domestic Product.
What does health mean in the context of epidemiology?
Absence of disease.
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
What did Bradshaw propose regarding types of health needs?
He proposed four types of health and social needs.
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
What is one specific health behavior indicator related to smoking?
The prevalence of smoking among the population.
What does measuring health often depend on?
The definition of health being used.
What is the Crude Prevalence Rate?
Number of total cases for a specific disease per 1,000 people within a specific time frame.
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What does the indicator SP.DYN.IMRT represent?
It represents the infant mortality rate.
What are felt needs in the context of health?
Needs that individuals perceive and express, such as a desire for counseling or therapy services.
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They measure various aspects of health beyond just the absence of disease.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
What is the definition of health according to the text?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What is the source of the WHO Mortality Database?
What is assessed to determine an individual's health?
An individual's capacity to perform daily activities and tasks.
What type of need refers to what individuals feel they require?
Felt Needs.
What are social-economic/deprivation indicators used to measure?
Wealth and income, housing, transport and infrastructure, and health.
What factors affect quality of life?
Pain and discomfort, ability to live independently.
What is the significance of weight in health measures?
Weight can indicate health outcomes, such as low birth weight.
How do healthcare providers identify normative needs?
By assessing if a child has received vaccinations according to established immunization schedules.
What does SES stand for?
Socio-Economic Status.
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions.
What role does social cohesion play in health?
Social cohesion enhances community support and can lead to better health outcomes.
What is the significance of carbon footprints in environmental health?
Carbon footprints are indicators of environmental impact and sustainability.
What are some indicators of socio-economic deprivation?
Educational attainment, occupational status, and income.
What are subjective measures of health?
Personal perceptions and feelings about one's health.
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
How does wildlife relate to environmental indicators?
Wildlife health and diversity are indicators of ecosystem health.
What is the term for needs defined by experts or authorities?
Normative Needs.
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A psychological theory that categorizes human needs into a hierarchy, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of socio-economic factors on health.
What is the relationship between SES and health?
SES is strongly associated with health outcomes.
What is a key aspect of the social model of health?
It emphasizes more than just the absence of disease.
What are subjective measures in health assessment?
Personal perceptions and experiences of health.
What does epidemiology help to identify in populations?
At-risk groups.
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of social and economic factors on health.
What is a key health behavior indicator for alcohol consumption?
The prevalence of alcohol consumption in the population.
Why is baseline data important in health planning?
It helps to plan priorities and establish standards for evaluating health promotion interventions.
What does the term 'mortality rate' refer to?
The frequency of deaths in a specific population over a given time period.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Felt needs, expressed needs, normative needs, and comparative needs.
How does the Crude Mortality Rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative needs, felt needs, expressed needs, and comparative needs.
What do subjective measures in health refer to?
They refer to personal perceptions and feelings about health.
What defines normative needs in healthcare?
Normative needs are defined by medical guidelines and standards.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is seen as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
What is an example of a normative need?
Blood pressure standards defined by medical guidelines.
How is health defined in the medical model?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
How can felt needs be limited or inflated?
By one's awareness and knowledge about what could be available.
What indicates a need for improved healthcare access in rural areas?
The lack of a local clinic compared to urban areas.
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it includes overall well-being.
Why is it important to study the relationship between HDI and GDP per capita?
To understand how economic growth impacts human well-being and development.
What is the definition of health according to the text?
The absence of disease.
What is unmet demand in the context of health needs?
Needs that are not expressed due to inability or unwillingness to articulate them.
What type of need involves comparing health needs across different populations?
Comparative Needs.
What is Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)?
A screening tool designed to identify common psychiatric conditions in individuals.
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different populations or groups.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What are health behavior indicators used for?
To identify at-risk groups.
How is mortality measured?
Using mortality rates over a period of time.
What are the different versions of the GHQ?
GHQ-12, GHQ-28, GHQ-30, GHQ-60 (ranging from simple to comprehensive).
What do social-economic deprivation indicators measure?
They measure the impact of social and economic factors on health.
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of socio-economic factors on health.
What transport and infrastructure aspects are measured?
Travel time to work, access to public transport, internet access, and job availability.
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
A holistic view that includes physical, mental, and social well-being.
What is included in environmental indicators?
Factors related to the physical environment that affect health.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What is one reason to justify resources in health promotion?
Providing evidence on the effectiveness of the activities.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw?
Expressed Needs, Normative Needs, Comparative Needs, and Felt Needs.
What does mortality refer to in health assessment?
The number of deaths that occur in a population.
What does height measure in terms of health?
It is a proxy of nutritional status of a population.
What does Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) measure?
The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.
What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?
It measures the overall development of a country, including health, education, and income.
What does assessing social cohesion involve?
Evaluating how well people function as community members.
What is GDP per capita?
Gross Domestic Product divided by the population, indicating the average economic output per person.
What should not be taken as an indicator of demand?
Expressed needs.
What do high numbers of emergency room visits for asthma suggest?
A demand for better asthma control and prevention programs.
What financial aspect is included in wealth and income indicators?
Financial stress and older age provision.
What is the definition of health according to the text?
The absence of disease.
How many dimensions does the SF-36 Health Survey cover?
8 dimensions.
How does the Crude Incidence Rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
What does mortality refer to?
Death or fatal outcomes.
What type of tool is the SF-36 Health Survey?
It is a self-reported tool.
What is the study of the occurrence and spread of diseases in populations called?
Epidemiology.
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
What are objective measures in health assessment?
Quantifiable data that can be measured directly.
What is one of the main purposes of epidemiology?
To identify health problems.
What are the basic physiological needs according to Maslow?
Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.
What is crude mortality rate?
The total number of deaths in a population over a specific time period.
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
How are happiness and life satisfaction related to GDP?
They are only weakly related to GDP.
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health.
What is the relationship between health and negative variables in epidemiology?
Measuring health can involve assessing negative variables.
What needs come after physiological needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
Safety needs, including security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, and property.
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
How does epidemiology assess the effectiveness of health measures?
By evaluating preventive measures.
What is a key concept of health beyond disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
What is the role of stakeholders in health needs assessments?
They influence the identification and prioritization of health needs.
What is an example of a felt need related to mental health?
An individual feeling anxious or depressed and desiring counseling or therapy services.
How is health defined in the context of disease?
As the absence of disease.
What are environmental indicators?
Measures that reflect the quality of the physical environment, including air and water quality.
How is incidence defined?
The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed within a specific time frame in a given population.
What do public health guidelines recommend for children?
Specific vaccinations at certain ages to prevent diseases.
Why is it important to address disparities in health services?
To ensure equitable access to necessary health support for all populations.
What are objective measures of health?
Quantifiable data that can be observed and measured.
What are service needs?
Felt needs that relate to services, information, or supports.
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
How does the social model differ from the medical model?
The social model views health as more than just the absence of disease.
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different groups or populations.
What do health behavior indicators assess?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
What housing factors are considered in social-economic indicators?
Supply and affordability.
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that influence health.
What is the recommended amount of exercise per week according to national guidelines?
More than 150 minutes.
How does the Crude Prevalence Rate vary?
It varies over time periods and populations.
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health.
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
What is a key aspect of measuring health?
It involves both negative variables and positive health indicators.
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
What role does female education play in socio-economic status?
It is a key indicator of socio-economic status.
What is the broader definition of health?
More than just the absence of disease.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it encompasses overall well-being.
What is the broader definition of health?
More than just the absence of disease.
What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?
It ranks countries based on health, education, and standard of living.
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
What is an important health behavior related to childhood illnesses?
Immunizing children against childhood illnesses.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health encompasses overall well-being, including physical and mental aspects.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health state.
What health indicators are included in the HDI?
Life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate (IMR).
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
What aspects are included in psychological well-being?
Mental health and emotional stability.
What does quality of life encompass?
It includes overall well-being and life satisfaction.
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
What is meant by social capital and social cohesion?
They refer to the networks and relationships that contribute to community health.
What defines Objective Needs according to Bradshaw?
Needs identified by healthcare experts based on professional standards or norms.
What is the formula for expressing mortality rates?
e.g., 5 deaths per 1,000 persons per year.
What are subjective health measures?
Measures that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
What are subjective health measures focused on?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What standard of living indicator is included in the HDI?
Income per person.
What does social capital refer to in health measures?
The networks and relationships that contribute to social cohesion.
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different groups or populations.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
What does quality of life encompass?
It includes overall satisfaction and well-being in various life aspects.
What does quality of life encompass?
It includes overall well-being and life satisfaction.
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions or behaviors.
What is the purpose of identifying ways to meet health needs?
To address needs based on available resources.
What do health behavior indicators measure?
They assess the actions and habits that affect health.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
How is quality of life defined in health measures?
The general well-being of individuals and societies, encompassing physical, psychological, and social aspects.
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
How is health measured according to the medical model?
By negative variables.
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
What is meant by social capital and social cohesion?
They refer to the networks and relationships that contribute to community health.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
What is meant by quality of life?
An individual's overall satisfaction and well-being in life.
What is a key goal of epidemiology?
To inform policy and practice.
What do subjective measures of health include?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
What is meant by social capital and social cohesion?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within communities.
What does quality of life refer to in health measures?
The overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
What does social cohesion indicate?
The strength of relationships and the sense of belonging within a community.
What are health behavior indicators?
Measures that reflect the health-related actions of individuals.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
What are 'Comparative Needs'?
Needs identified by comparing different groups or populations.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
What types of cancer should be screened for as part of health behavior indicators?
Cervical and breast cancer.
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
What higher-level needs are included in Maslow's hierarchy?
Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem-solving, lack of prejudice, and acceptance of facts.
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within a community.
What is social capital in the context of health?
The networks and relationships that contribute to social cohesion and health.
What are subjective health measures?
Indicators that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
What are subjective measures of health?
Personal perceptions and experiences regarding health.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health encompasses overall well-being, including physical, mental, and social aspects.
How are Objective Needs assessed?
Using physiological indicators.
What are subjective health measures?
Indicators that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
What needs are associated with esteem in Maslow's hierarchy?
Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, and respect by others.
What educational indicator is used in the HDI?
Years of schooling.
What are 'Felt Needs'?
Needs that individuals perceive and express.
What does quality of life encompass?
It encompasses overall life satisfaction and well-being.
What is the broader definition of health according to the HDI?
More than just the absence of disease.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
What might differ when assessing health needs?
The judgment of healthcare experts might differ from that of clients.
What types of equity are mentioned in the context of health?
Racial, sex, and income equity.
How is health defined in this context?
As the absence of disease.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
It refers to mental health and emotional stability.
How is health defined in the context of epidemiology?
As the absence of disease.
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
How does the HDI impact health?
It shows how development affects health in different countries.
What is quality of life in health measures?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
What are objective measures of health?
Quantifiable data that can be observed and measured.
What does social cohesion indicate?
The degree of social bonds and trust within a community.
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within a community.
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and support within a community.
What does the social model of health encompass?
Health is a product of biological, social, and environmental factors.
What does social cohesion refer to?
The strength of relationships and sense of belonging within a community.
What is quality of life in health measures?
An individual's overall enjoyment of life and satisfaction with their health.
What do environmental indicators measure?
They assess the impact of environmental factors on health.
What are subjective health measures?
Indicators that include physical well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
What is a key concept of health beyond disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of socio-economic status on health.
What aspects do psychological well-being indicators cover?
They assess mental health and emotional wellness.
What are objective health measures?
Indicators that include health behavior, social-economic deprivation, and environmental factors.
What is a key concept of health beyond disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What is quality of life?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
What do social-economic/deprivation indicators assess?
The impact of social and economic factors on health.
What does social cohesion indicate?
The degree of social bonds and trust among community members.
What is one goal of health measures?
To assess the effectiveness of preventive measures.
What does epidemiology aim to control?
Health problems.
What does health encompass beyond the absence of disease?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health.
How is health defined beyond the absence of disease?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it encompasses overall well-being.
What do social-economic deprivation indicators assess?
They evaluate the impact of social and economic factors on health.
What is the broader definition of health?
Health is more than just the absence of disease.
What do environmental indicators measure?
The influence of environmental factors on health outcomes.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs, Felt Needs, Expressed Needs, Comparative Needs.
What are the four types of health and social needs proposed by Bradshaw in 1972?
Normative Needs and Objective Needs.
What aspects are included in subjective health measures?
Physical well-being, functional ability, and health status.
What is meant by 'Normative Needs'?
Needs defined by experts based on standards.
What is the medical model's definition of health?
Health is defined as the absence of disease.
What is social capital?
The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation within a community.
What are 'Expressed Needs'?
Needs that are demonstrated through actions or requests.
What does psychological well-being refer to?
An individual's emotional and mental health status.
What is a limitation of the medical model of health?
It views health as more than just the absence of disease.
What is quality of life?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
What is quality of life?
An individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with life.
