chem tb

Solid, liquid, and gas.

Gases have particles that move randomly and collide with each other, allowing them to fill the available space.

Gas particles striking the inside surface of the balloon.

Millions of different substances.

The temperature rises only after all the ice has melted.

To ensure even temperature distribution while it was a liquid.

The temperature remains constant during the change.

It indicates that the sample is pure.

It has a lower melting point and the melting point occurs over a range of temperatures.

Particles either gain or lose energy, affecting their movement and arrangement.

Solids, liquids, and gases.

Higher temperatures increase the volume, while lower temperatures reduce it.

The temperature at which a liquid's particles escape to form a gas, and bubbles of gas start to form inside the liquid.

It states that random collisions occur between particles, allowing them to move into spaces of other substances.

They are always arranged in the same way under given conditions.

Solids with high melting points have stronger forces of attraction between their particles than those with low melting points.

Condensing and freezing.

The ice disappears due to diffusion of water vapor in the air, which causes sublimation.

Solids usually increase slightly in size, a process called expansion.

It states that all matter is made up of small particles that are constantly moving.

Gases have more space between particles and move more quickly than liquid particles.

The stearic acid is transitioning from a liquid to a solid state.

Particles are far apart and move freely at high speeds in random directions.

The arrangement and bonding of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.

The presence of impurities lowers the melting point.

Salt lowers the freezing point of water, causing the ice to melt.

The average energy of the particles decreases, causing them to move closer together and condense into a liquid.

Why car windows mist up on a cold morning or why dew forms on grass at night.

Liquids and gases are compressible, meaning their volume can be reduced by applying pressure, with gases being much more compressible than liquids.

The particles move faster on average as the temperature increases.

Particles are closely packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement.

Particles lose energy, move slower, and come closer together.

Particles gain energy from the heat, move faster, and overcome some of the forces holding them in place.

By heating it slowly in a melting point tube.

Diffusion in liquids is much slower than in gases because liquid particles move more slowly.

All substances and materials that make up the physical universe.

When temperature increases, volume also increases.

It shows the temperature changes as water is heated, indicating where changes of state occur.

A gas with a low relative molecular mass can diffuse faster than a gas with a high relative molecular mass at the same temperature.

Gas particles are relatively far apart, move freely at high velocities, and collide less often.

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, like perfume spreading in a room.

The food coloring would be evenly distributed throughout the water.

Particles must obtain sufficient energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them.

It explains how particles behave and how their movement relates to the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

They have more energy, move faster, and strike the surface more frequently, increasing pressure.

A liquid has a fixed volume and takes the shape of its container.

A white cloud of ammonium chloride forms where the two gases meet due to different diffusion rates.

It explains the behavior of matter based on the movement of tiny particles that make up all matter.

The regular arrangement of particles explains why many solids form crystals.

Solids have closely packed particles that cannot move freely, preventing diffusion.

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

Gases have particles that are far apart and can move closer together, while solids have tightly packed particles that cannot be compressed.

The spreading out of gas particles in a random way to fill the available space.

The temperature rises due to increased collisions and friction among gas molecules.

Cubic crystals.

Particles in a liquid have more energy on average than those in a solid.

Contraction is the decrease in volume of a substance when cooled; for example, a metal lid tightening on a jar when cooled.

As the temperature drops, the gas particles inside lose energy and exert less pressure.

It requires extra energy, reaching a boiling point of 100°C.

A solid has a definite volume and shape, which may be affected by changes in temperature.

A change of state where no new substance is formed and the temperature remains constant during the change.

To accurately track the cooling curve of the stearic acid.

They are close together but move randomly and collide with one another.

Particles only vibrate about fixed positions in a regular structure.

The white cloud is formed due to the reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonia, producing ammonium chloride.

Cooling decreases the energy of the gas particles, slowing down their movement and diffusion.

The particles vibrate faster as they gain energy, causing them to push neighboring particles further away, leading to expansion.

The particles vibrate faster, causing the solid to expand and eventually melt.

Intimate mixing occurs when diffusion takes place between a liquid and a gas.

It explains the arrangement and behavior of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.

That the volume of a gas increases with temperature at a fixed pressure.

A white cloud of ammonium chloride appears at the point where the two gases meet.

They are significant for the existence of solids and liquids, but negligible in gases.

It took time for the gas particles to diffuse and react with each other.

To stop the heating process and allow the cooling curve to be recorded.

The diffusion of coffee particles into the air allows the scent to spread throughout the room.

Because lighter gas particles move faster than heavier ones, leading to different diffusion speeds.

When temperature increases, gas volume increases; when pressure increases, gas volume decreases.

Expansion is the increase in volume of a substance when heated; for example, a balloon inflating when warmed.

The aroma particles diffuse through the air from the kitchen to the hallway.

Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume and will spread out evenly in their container.

This would be determined from the cooling curve data.

Particles in a solid are held close together by attractive forces and can only vibrate about fixed positions.

A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance, like melting ice.

The food coloring would start to spread slightly but not completely mix.

Particles are close together but can slide past each other, allowing the liquid to flow.

Random motion refers to the unpredictable movement of particles in all directions, typical in gases.

The perfume particles diffuse through the air, which takes time due to their random motion.

Diffusion.

1. The smell of cooking food spreading in the kitchen. 2. A drop of food coloring dispersing in water.

The food coloring particles move randomly and spread out due to diffusion, mixing with water particles.

Ammonia gas diffuses faster than hydrochloric acid gas due to its lower molar mass.