APA guide Final June 2024

Use a retrieval date.

It impacts livestock and crops that rely on antibiotics.

Use the title of the article or news media instead of the author’s name, putting newspaper and magazine titles in quotation marks and italicizing titles of news media.

It allows antibiotic-resistant bacteria to thrive due to lack of competition.

Mention the surname of the first author followed by 'et al.' each time.

Include the edition number in parentheses after the title, using 'ed.' for edition.

A non-retrievable item, not listed on the References page.

Use the editor's name followed by '(Ed.)' for one editor or '(Eds.)' for multiple editors.

No entry is needed on the References page.

It must be cited, even though it is considered non-retrievable.

An image with the caption 'The flowers are not amused'.

Start with the title followed by the date of publication.

Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns for everything but periodicals; capitalize all words except connecting words of fewer than five letters for periodicals.

It threatens our ability to treat common infections and perform life-saving procedures.

Only if the source does not fit any other categories such as journal articles or government documents.

Create an entry for each source, put them inside the same parentheses, order them alphabetically, and separate entries with semicolons.

Use 'n.d.' followed by letters (a, b, c, etc.) to distinguish between works.

Provide the author's name and year, along with the page number of the quoted material.

Finish with publisher information or retrieval information (DOI or URL).

Geddes (2017) reveals that in addition to 'these daunting deficiencies, however, there’s the matter of ordinary smoke and carbon dioxide detectors' (p. 34).

A DOI if available or the URL if the source is obtained from the internet.

Vacon, C., & MacIsaac-Vacon, A. (2019). Women in Canadian paramedicine [Infographic]. Canadian Paramedicine. https://canadianparamedicine.ca/online-edition/april-may-2019-full-edition/

Start with the name of the article followed by the date in parentheses.

The Group of Seven at 100: Virtual curatorial talk.

Include all surnames and initials in the order they appear, using an ampersand (&) before the final surname.

Use the first two or three words of the title, capitalizing according to standard English rules.

List the group or company name as the author followed by the publication year and title.

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/

No, you do not need a citation or permission to use them.

Provide the URL.

Evenly double spaced with no extra lines between entries.

It was one of the six recipients of the 2024 Governor General's Innovation Award.

Film.

Check entries carefully as they often contain errors that must be corrected.

Include the group author, publication date, title, and URL.

Provide the full name of the group the first time, followed by initials in square brackets; thereafter, use the initials.

Use 'n.d.' for no date and include a retrieval date.

Include the lecturer’s surname and initials, followed by 'lecture' and the date.

It indicates when the source was published, which is crucial for assessing the relevance and timeliness of the information.

Publisher information.

Refer to the figure by its number.

Clip art.

Knowledge of the process may teach people the importance of antibiotics and the risks of misuse.

Alphabetize according to the first word of the title following the date.

'Last reviewed' dates, as the content may not have changed.

Use letters (a, b, c, etc.) after the year to differentiate the works.

The individual's surname and initials, followed by 'personal communication' and the date.

It should be in italics.

Microsoft. (2024). CoPilot [Large language model]. https://copilot.microsoft.com/

Bold the word 'Figure' and the number.

Centre and boldface on the line, but do not underline.

Start with the surname followed by initials, using a comma to separate names and an ampersand before the last author.

Professional credentials like Dr., Prof., MA, PhD, etc., but retain Jr. or Sr. after initials.

Provide the first and last page numbers with a hyphen in between.

Cancer chemotherapy, caesarean sections, hip replacements, organ transplantation, and other surgeries.

Include the URL in the citation.

Always cite both names every time you use the work, using 'and' to join them.

Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the post. Website Name. URL.

As in-text citations in the body of your paper.

The inadequacies of firefighting services are further complicated by a lack of equipment, including smoke and CO2 alarms (Geddes, 2017).

Only if the information is likely to change.

To encourage people to visit conquercovid19.ca and help those in need.

The National Day of Mourning.

Shorten it to key words and leave out terms like Publishing, Company, Ltd., Inc., etc.

Use ordinal numbers (2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.) without superscript.

List the first 19 authors, followed by an ellipsis (...) and then the last author's name.

Author(s). (Year). Title of the article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page range. DOI or URL.

The author or authors.

Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Magazine Name. URL.

(OpenAI, 2023) or OpenAI (2023).

In the APA Style Blog by McAdoo (2024).

The name of the author or source and the year in parentheses.

To remind people to keep cleaning commonly used surfaces and provide COVID-19 prevention tips.

Put 'n.d.' in parentheses without a space after the first period.

Provide the DOI in place of the URL.

Laws must be capitalized as they are considered proper nouns.

ed.

Use 'Ed.' for one editor and 'Eds.' for two or more editors.

Use 'n.d.' (no date).

Submitting work generated in part or in full by an AI tool as one's own.

Use '&' to join names in the in-text citation without a comma before the ampersand.

Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Newspaper Name, Page number. URL.

The retrieval date and the URL.

Capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle, except for periodical titles and proper nouns; the remaining words should be in lowercase.

Shorten it to key words, leaving out terms like Publishing, Company, Ltd., Inc., etc., but include Press, Books, University, etc.

An alphabetical list of all retrievable sources referred to in your paper.

Use a hanging indent; the first line flush with the left margin and subsequent lines indented 1/2 inch.

The article title always precedes the periodical title.

'In press' should be used in parentheses instead of a date.

Provide both initials joined by a period and hyphen.

Follow instructor’s guidelines and cite the AI tool used.

Amos, J. (2020, May 6). Scientists explain magnetic pole's wanderings. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-52550973

Start with the surname followed by initials, using a comma to separate names and an ampersand (&) before the last author if there are two or more.

Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Publisher.

Author, A. A. (year, month day). Title or content of the post up to twenty words [Descriptor if applicable]. Site Name. https://xxxxxx

Author's surname, initials. (Year). Title in italics. Publisher. URL or DOI if applicable.

Video.

They should be italicized and capitalized appropriately.

Author, date of publication, title, followed by 'In' and book details.

To let your reader know the source of your information, ideas, data, pictures, etc., and direct them to these sources.

For quotations only, and may also be included for paraphrases from longer sources to help locate borrowed information.

Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title. Website Name. URL

The date (in parentheses).

Use letters (a, b) after the year to differentiate between the works.

Walker, M. (2020, April). Why sleep matters now more than ever [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/matt_walker_why_sleep_matters_now_more_than_ever

To allow the words to flow around the figures.

Encouraging solutions to pressing challenges facing communities.

Retrieval information and DOI if available.

Use letters after the year (e.g., n.d. - a, n.d. - b) if no date is provided.

The author of the content.

Mention the name of the author responsible for the information, but refer to the author of the source where you found the information in parentheses.

Author(s) surname(s) or part of the title, year of publication, and page number(s) in certain circumstances.

The prompt used to generate the content.

Start with the title, followed by the date in parentheses.

Location numbers, section numbers, or paragraph numbers if possible.

Newspaper articles have specific citation rules that differ from those for online news sites, particularly regarding publication details.

Label each as 'Figure', followed by a number and a descriptive caption.

Use a DOI if it is provided.

To provide a shortened identifier for your article.

It is not in italics and only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.

Use the name of the government, ministry, department, or agency.

Use letters a, b, c, etc., after the year to distinguish between the works.

The title is not italicized and should not have quotation marks.

The use of the AI tool must be cited to give credit to the algorithm.

Use 'Ed.' for one editor and 'Eds.' for two or more.

The author's name.

They should appear together in the lead-in (narrative citation) or in the parenthetical reference.

Author, A. A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), page numbers. http://xxxxxx

Ruskins, B. (Host). (2020, April 22). Nova Scotia grieves after shooting rampage [Audio podcast]. Front Burner. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/frontburner/nova-scotia-grieves-after-shooting-rampage-1.5539171

In alphabetical order, alphabetizing by the second word if it starts with an article.

Publications that appear on a recurring basis (daily, weekly, monthly, annually, etc.).

Use only the year for journals; use month, day, and year for magazines and newspapers if available.

Their place in educational settings is controversial, particularly regarding academic dishonesty.

Include the author's name and year, and provide page numbers for quotes or slide numbers for slides.

Give the full name the first time with initials in square brackets, then use initials thereafter.

Lee, A. (Director). (1995). Sense and sensibility [Film]. Columbia. https://www.netflix.com/watch/948002?trackId=13752289&tctx=0%2C0%2Cb444b354aecc774ea6afc1053195a4a3198744c8%3Ac22a66607b905306c495e0ebd68f824c8c0846c5%2C%2C

Italicize the volume number and put the issue number in parentheses without using the words 'volume' or 'issue'.

They are treated like print articles if there is no DOI.