What are the signs and symptoms of ulnar nerve injury near the elbow?
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Numbness and tingling of the medial part of the palm and the medial one and a half fingers, aching pain at the elbow, and pain in the hand.
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What are the signs and symptoms of ulnar nerve injury near the elbow?
Numbness and tingling of the medial part of the palm and the medial one and a half fingers, aching pain at the elbow, and pain in the hand.
What specific pain is associated with ulnar nerve injury?
Aching pain at the elbow, especially when bent.
What tunnel does the Ulnar nerve pass through to travel from the arm to the forearm?
The cubital tunnel.
What is another superficial vein found in the anterior forearm?
Basilic vein.
What structures control the movements of pronation and supination?
The ligaments of the elbow joint, the wrist joint, and the interosseous membrane.
What causes numbness and tingling in ulnar nerve injury?
Nerve compression or damage at the elbow.
Which muscles does the Ulnar nerve supply?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus.
What condition can result from compression and inflammation at the carpal tunnel?
Carpal tunnel syndrome.
What do deep veins in the anterior forearm accompany?
They accompany and are named the same as the major arteries.
What does 'pollicis' refer to in the context of the Flexor pollicis longus?
It refers to the thumb.
What functional impairments can result from ulnar nerve injury?
Impairment of ulnar deviation of the wrist and flexion of the medial two distal interphalangeal joints, leading to a weakened grip.
What is the floor of the cubital tunnel?
Joint capsule of the elbow (beneath the nerve).
Which muscle is the only one in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
What are the branches of the common interosseous artery?
Anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery, and interosseous recurrent artery.
Name a superficial vein in the anterior forearm.
Cephalic vein.
What is pronator syndrome?
Median nerve compression at the elbow.
What anatomical feature does the radial artery cross through at the wrist?
The anatomical snuff box.
Where does the Ulnar nerve travel in relation to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Just posterior to the medial epicondyle (often referred to as the 'funny bone').
What movements are associated with the radius and ulna?
Pronation and supination.
How can you distinguish between medial epicondyle injury and cubital tunnel syndrome?
By imaging and the type of injury; medial epicondyle injury is a direct injury, while cubital tunnel syndrome can occur from various mechanisms.
Which part of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius?
Capitulum.
How does the median nerve travel in relation to the pronator teres?
It enters the forearm between the two heads of pronator teres.
What is the ulnar artery a terminal branch of?
The brachial artery.
What can provoke pain in pronator syndrome?
Having the patient pronate the arm against resistance.
What are some potential causes of pronator syndrome?
Trauma to the pronator muscles, muscular hypertrophy, or fibrous adhesion.
What are the signs/symptoms of pronator syndrome?
Pain and tenderness in the proximal aspect of the anterior forearm; decreased sensation in the medial three and a half digits in the hand.
How does the Median nerve enter the hand?
Through the carpal tunnel.
What is the third layer of the anterior forearm composed of?
Three muscles: Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, and Pronator quadratus.
What is the cubital tunnel?
A space that the ulnar nerve passes through from the arm to the forearm.
What forms the roof of the cubital tunnel?
Cubital tunnel retinaculum.
What is the attachment site for extensor muscles on the humerus?
Lateral epicondyle.
What are the lateral and medial borders of the cubital tunnel?
Lateral = olecranon process of ulna; Medial = medial epicondyle of humerus.
What is the radial artery a terminal branch of?
The brachial artery.
What is the function of the trochlea on the humerus?
It articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna.
Where does the radial artery travel in relation to the brachioradialis muscle?
Just deep to the brachioradialis muscle.
Where does the head of the radius articulate?
With the capitulum of the humerus.
What is the interosseous border of the radius?
Medial, attachment for interosseous membrane.
What artery does the radial artery give off in the forearm?
Radial recurrent artery.
What is the function of the olecranon process of the ulna?
It slides into the olecranon fossa of the humerus.
What is the spinal nerve root origin of the Ulnar nerve?
C8 - T1.
Where does the ulnar artery initially accompany the median nerve?
Between the heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.
What are the three main arteries given off by the ulnar artery in the forearm?
Anterior ulnar recurrent artery, posterior ulnar recurrent artery, and common interosseous artery.
What is the common tendon attachment for the first layer of forearm muscles?
Medial epicondyle.
Name one muscle from the first layer of the anterior forearm.
Pronator teres.
What is the spinal nerve root origin of the Median nerve?
C6 - C8.
Where does the Median nerve travel in the forearm?
Between the heads of pronator teres.
What is a common issue that can occur where the Median nerve travels?
Compression at the pronator teres.
What does the Median nerve supply in the anterior forearm?
Most of the anterior forearm muscles, except those supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
What nerve branch does the Median nerve give off?
Anterior interosseous nerve.
What causes medial epicondylitis?
Repetitive use of forearm flexors that attach at the medial epicondyle.
What activities can lead to cubital tunnel injury?
Constant leaning on a hard surface with bent elbows.
What is another name for medial epicondylitis?
Golfer’s elbow or Baseball elbow.
Where is the ulnar nerve most susceptible to trauma?
Posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
What can cause an ulnar nerve injury related to the medial epicondyle?
Hitting the medial part of the elbow on a hard surface, bruising or fracturing the medial epicondyle.
What conditions can cause inflammation or damage in the cubital tunnel?
Injury to the medial epicondyle or olecranon process, arthritis, fractures, or dislocations of the elbow.
What are common signs and symptoms of medial epicondylitis?
Pain and inflammation at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, and pain that can radiate down the medial forearm to the wrist and little finger due to ulnar nerve irritation.
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
A condition caused by compression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel.
