SPED 3820 Lecture 4

Cooperative games are games in which players can form coalitions and make binding agreements to achieve a common goal, often leading to mutually beneficial outcomes.

A social process that occurs when rewards are given to participants based on their performance relative to that of others.

A social process through which performance is evaluated and rewarded in terms of the collective achievements of a group of participants working together to reach a common goal.

A situation in which performance is compared with some standard of excellence, in the presence of at least one other person who is aware of the comparison.

The Prisoner's Dilemma is a representative example of a non-zero-sum game in game theory, illustrating that individual optimal choices may not align with group optimal choices. It highlights that prisoners can achieve the best collective outcome (shorter sentences) by cooperating, but without communication, the temptation to betray each other for personal gain (release) often leads to suboptimal results for both.

How the person perceives, accepts, and appraises the objective competitive situation, influenced by personality factors like competitiveness.

An evaluation (positive or negative) of one’s response to the standards of the performance comparison.

Norman Triplett (1898) studied the effects of competition on performance, contributing to the understanding of social facilitation.

Whether a person approaches or avoids an objective competitive situation at the behavioral, physiological, and psychological levels.

Competition is viewed as a process where each competitor facilitates the others, focusing on excellence, character development, enjoyment, and mastery. In contrast, Decompetition sees opponents as rivals, where winning becomes the ultimate goal at all costs.

Norman Triplett conducted the study in 1898, which focused on the effects of competition on performance.

Enhancing cooperation in sports involves structuring games in ways that promote collaboration among participants, such as cooperative competitive scenarios where individuals work together to achieve personal goals while competing against others.

The phenomenon where individuals perform better on tasks in the presence of others compared to when they are alone.

The competition group students were self-centered, focused on beating others, had closed communication, and exhibited group conflict and distrust.

The cooperation group students communicated openly, shared information, developed friendships, and solved more puzzles.