Anticonvulsants help control aggressive outbursts in cases linked to ___ irregularities.
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neurological
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Anticonvulsants help control aggressive outbursts in cases linked to ___ irregularities.
neurological
Risk for Self-Mutilation in patients with borderline personality disorder involves susceptibility to intentional self-harm to relieve ___ or cope with ___.
tension, emotional distress
Patients with impaired social interaction may create conflict by ___ individuals against each other (splitting).
pitting
Chronic Low Self-Esteem is a common issue in patients with ___ personality disorder.
borderline
Predisposing factors for Paranoid Personality Disorder include a higher incidence among relatives of individuals with ___, childhood ___, neglect, and parental antagonism.
schizophrenia, trauma
To maintain trust, the nurse should avoid appearing ___ while observing a borderline personality disordered patient.
suspicious
Avoidant Personality Disorder often results from a combination of genetic predisposition and ___.
environmental influences
To reduce repetitive self-harm, the nurse should avoid providing ___ attention to self-mutilation wounds.
excessive
Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder are often ___, ___, and reluctant to ___.
rigid, stubborn, delegate tasks
To ensure environmental safety, the nurse should remove any ___ objects from the environment.
dangerous
In managing escalating behaviors, it is important to observe ___ routinely.
behavior
Setting clear ___ expectations and consequences helps in setting boundaries.
behavioral
Peers provide more influential feedback than ___ figures, fostering behavioral improvements.
authority
Use ___ Restraints as a ___ Resort.
Mechanical, Last
Assign dedicated ___ during stressful times when ___ or abandonment fears are high.
staff, agitation
Self-destructive behaviors: Acts such as ___ or suicide attempts, often triggered by perceived ___.
cutting, abandonment
Genetic vulnerability in BPD is suggested by increased prevalence of ___, ___, and ___ in first-degree relatives.
mood disorders, antisocial personality disorder, substance use disorders
People with antisocial personality disorder disregard social ___, ___, and conventional ___.
norms, rules, authority
In DBT, ___ and ___ skills can help manage anger and impulsive behaviors.
mindfulness, emotion regulation
Maladaptive Grieving in borderline personality disorder is the inability to progress through the normal grieving process, resulting in prolonged ___, ___, inappropriate ___, and unresolved ___ tied to past trauma or abandonment issues.
emotional distress, depression, anger, grief
Personality traits influence how an individual ___ and ___ with the environment.
perceives, interacts
People with Paranoid Personality Disorder avoid ___ interaction to maintain control over personal ___.
social, power
Predisposing factors for Narcissistic Personality Disorder include ___ or excessive ___ by parents.
overindulgence, criticism
The nurse should support the patient in seeking a ___ member when feeling the urge to self-harm.
staff
Variants of the ___ gene are linked to antisocial traits, especially when moderated by childhood trauma such as ___.
MAO-A, abuse
Discussions about preceding feelings can promote ___ and emotional ___.
problem-solving, awareness
Chaotic home environments and early parental ___ within the first ___ years are critical risk factors for antisocial personality disorder.
deprivation, five
Physical outlets can reduce the risk of ___ outbursts.
violent
The use of ___ should be a last resort to prevent harm and must be ethically and legally justified.
restraints
In milieu or group therapy, ___ from peers promotes adaptive behavior and is often effective for ASPD.
feedback
Continuously assess the patient's ___ to minimize risk.
response
Neurochemical dysregulation in BPD involves disruptions in ___, ___, ___, and ___ systems.
serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutaminergic, noradrenergic
According to Mahler’s Theory of Object Relations, disruption during the ___ phase (16–24 months) causes unresolved ___, leading to intense ___ and ___ behaviors in adulthood.
rapprochement, fear of abandonment, clinging, distancing
A person with antisocial personality disorder exhibits a pattern of socially ___, ___, and ___ behavior.
irresponsible, exploitative, guiltless
DBT is primarily used for ___ personality disorder but has shown benefits in ___ regulation and reducing ___ behaviors, which can be helpful in ASPD.
borderline, emotional, impulsive
Disturbed Personal Identity involves an unstable or unclear sense of ___, often resulting in feelings of ___ or ___, where the patient may feel disconnected from their own identity or surroundings.
self, depersonalization, derealization
Functional brain imaging confirms a model of ___ and ___ traits rooted in biological underpinnings.
temperament, character
Individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder often have an exaggerated sense of ___ and lack ___.
self-importance, empathy
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder often lack the ability to form ___ interpersonal relationships and ___ others, relying only on themselves to avoid manipulation.
satisfying, distrust
Dependent Personality Disorder involves an excessive need to be ___ and a fear of ___.
taken care of, separation
Early signs of antisocial personality disorder include ___ tantrums, unresponsiveness to ___, and ___ behavior.
temper, punishment, bullying
The nurse should act as a role model for expressing ___ constructively.
anger
Maintaining safety involves preventing access to tools for ___ or ___.
self-harm, violence
To ensure safety, it is crucial to remove potential ___ or harmful objects from the environment.
weapons
___ reinforcement enhances the likelihood of repetition of acceptable behavior and builds self-esteem.
Positive
CBT includes social skills and ___ training to assist in reducing aggression and impulsivity.
assertiveness
Use restraints only when the patient poses an ___ risk to ___ or others.
imminent, themselves
Clinging: Extreme ___ to others, seeking constant ___.
attachment, reassurance
Brain structure abnormalities in BPD are observed in the ___, ___, and ___.
hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala
People with antisocial personality disorder have difficulty maintaining stable ___ or ___.
employment, relationships
Impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder includes failure to ___, leading to sudden changes in ___, ___, or ___.
plan ahead, jobs, relationships, residence
Schizotypal Personality Disorder is marked by ___ and ___ behavior, as well as magical thinking and illusions.
odd, eccentric
Childhood ___ and ___ reinforce detachment and withdrawal in Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
isolation, bullying
Histrionic Personality Disorder is characterized by ___-seeking, dramatic, and ___ behavior.
attention, seductive
Anticonvulsants may be used to treat ___, especially in patients with abnormal ___ findings.
aggression, EEG
Impaired Social Interaction involves difficulty forming or maintaining relationships due to alternating extremes of ___ and ___, ___, and an unstable sense of ___.
clinging, distancing, manipulation, self
Personality disorders arise when traits deviate significantly from ___ norms, are pervasive, and cause ___ behavior.
cultural, maladaptive
Paranoid Personality Disorder often involves testing the ___ of others, leading to ___.
honesty, exasperation
In managing a borderline personality disordered patient, the nurse should observe behavior during ___ activities and interactions.
routine
Antisocial personality disorder is more common among ___ relatives with the disorder.
first-degree
When caring for self-mutilation wounds, the nurse should address them ___ to avoid reinforcing the behavior.
matter-of-factly
There is an increased risk of antisocial personality disorder with childhood ___ and ___ disorder.
ADHD, conduct
Reinforcing appropriate expressions of anger helps prevent ___-directed harm.
inward
Childhood diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder often manifests as ___ disorder, with symptoms like cruelty, ___, theft, and property destruction.
conduct, bullying
Medication administration involves using prescribed medications like ___ to manage acute agitation responsibly.
sedatives
Administering medications to address symptoms such as ___ when necessary is part of defensive coping.
agitation
Be cautious with ___ use due to potential ___ dysregulation.
sedative, emotional
Gradually remove ___ one at a time as the patient's ___ decreases.
restraints, agitation
Manipulation: Using behaviors to ___ or ___ others to avoid feelings of abandonment.
control, influence
Impulsivity in borderline personality disorder often leads to reckless behaviors such as ___ and ___.
substance abuse, risky sexual activity
Chaotic or abusive family environments lead to ___ and poor ___.
maladaptive coping mechanisms, emotional regulation
Individuals with persistent feelings of inadequacy have an inability to tolerate being ___ and are susceptible to ___.
alone, manipulation
People with antisocial personality disorder lack ___ and ___, and are suspicious of these traits in others.
warmth, compassion
Psychological defense mechanisms in antisocial personality disorder include ___, ___, and ___.
projection, devaluing, denial
A person with Schizoid Personality Disorder is typically ___, ___, and indifferent to others' feelings.
cold, aloof
Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder often exhibit ___, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and ___ behavior.
aggression, manipulative
___ are typically avoided in ASPD patients due to disinhibition risks.
Benzodiazepines
Risk for Self-Mutilation may arise from feelings of ___, ___, and a need for ___.
abandonment, impulsivity, control
Personality refers to the totality of ___ and ___ characteristics unique to an individual, which remain relatively stable and predictable over time.
emotional, behavioral
Influences on personality development include ___ (genetics and temperament), ___ (experiential learning and social interactions), and ___ brain imaging.
biological, psychological, functional
Experiences of ___ foster mistrust and a 'chip-on-the-shoulder' mentality in individuals with Paranoid Personality Disorder.
rejection
Avoidant Personality Disorder is characterized by social ___, feelings of ___, and fear of ___.
inhibition, inadequacy, rejection
Providing ___ and fostering a therapeutic relationship through ___ support is crucial when a patient feels the urge to self-harm.
acceptance, nonjudgmental
Predisposing factors for Dependent Personality Disorder include overprotective or ___ parenting and early life experiences of ___ or excessive reliance on ___.
authoritarian, neglect, caregivers
Brain abnormalities in antisocial personality disorder include decreased ___ cortex gray matter, decreased ___ activity, and lower right ___ volume.
prefrontal, amygdala, thalamic
Parental ___ and ___ increase the likelihood of developing antisocial personality disorder more than parental loss.
delinquency, separation
In managing a patient with antisocial personality disorder, providing ___ acceptance and keeping environmental stimuli ___ are important interventions.
unconditional, low
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps individuals recognize and correct ___ thinking.
distorted
Apply the ___ restrictive alternative when all other interventions fail.
least
Avoid leaving the patient ___ during these times to reduce ___ spikes.
alone, anxiety
Oxytocin dysregulation in BPD is associated with reduced ___, especially in women.
empathy
Inconsistent or neglectful caregiving during early childhood leads to poor ___, unstable ___, and fearful ___ later in life.
emotional regulation, self-concept, interpersonal relationships
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are ___ and ___ for personal gain without concern for the law.
manipulative, exploitative
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder act ___ and ___ when things go their way but can quickly turn ___ when challenged.
cheerful, charming, vindictive
Risk for Self-Directed Violence in borderline personality disorder involves vulnerability to harming oneself, potentially through ___ behavior, fueled by internalized ___, ___, past ___, or feelings of ___.
suicidal, rage, impulsivity, trauma, abandonment
Personality traits are characteristics a person is either ___ with or develops ___ in life.
born, early
Paranoid Personality Disorder is characterized by pervasive ___ and ___ of others.
distrust, suspicion
Narcissistic Personality Disorder requires constant ___ and is hypersensitive to ___.
admiration, criticism
Individuals with Avoidant Personality Disorder desire ___ but avoid social interactions due to fear of ___.
relationships, criticism
Genetic studies suggest both ___ and ___ influences in the development of antisocial personality disorder.
genetic, environmental
The nurse should help the patient explore ___ prior to self-harm to identify triggers.
feelings
Dysregulation of ___ (reward-seeking) and ___ (impulsivity) pathways is observed in antisocial personality disorder.
dopamine, serotonin
Physical ___, ___, and ___ are strongly associated with the development of antisocial personality disorder.
abuse, neglect, teasing
When administering sedative medications, the nurse should monitor for ___ and ensure medication ___, especially for impulsive patients.
side effects, compliance
Promoting insight into behavior helps the patient understand his behaviors and their ___ on others.
impacts
Ensure adequate ___ presence to control the situation if necessary.
staff
Distancing: ___ and withdrawal in response to separation or perceived ___.
Hostility, rejection
Up to ___% of individuals with BPD report histories of ___ or ___.
90, abuse, neglect
Interpersonally, individuals with antisocial personality disorder are often ___, ___, and exhibit ___ behavior.
cold, callous, brusque
People with antisocial personality disorder engage in reckless behavior such as ___, ___, or ___.
substance use, reckless driving, child neglect
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder display flagrant disrespect for the ___ and the ___ of others.
law, rights
People with Schizoid Personality Disorder often have a limited ___ range and appear ___ and unemotional.
emotional, bland
A predisposing factor for Antisocial Personality Disorder includes a genetic predisposition and ___ influences.
environmental
Genetic factors, particularly related to ___ disorders, are predisposing factors for Borderline Personality Disorder.
mood
Pharmacotherapy is generally reserved for ___ conditions in ASPD patients due to the high risk of ___ misuse.
comorbid, substance
Risk for Other-Directed Violence involves potential for physical or emotional harm toward others due to unresolved ___, ___, and ___, which may escalate during moments of stress or psychotic symptoms.
anger, impulsivity, aggression
Anxiety (severe to panic) in borderline personality disorder involves intense emotional and cognitive distress leading to ___-level anxiety. This may be accompanied by disorganized ___, misinterpretation of ___, and heightened ___.
panic, thinking, reality, tension
Individuals with Paranoid Personality Disorder are often ___, ___, and irritable; they hold ___ and misinterpret motives as malevolent.
hypervigilant, tense, grudges
People with Narcissistic Personality Disorder exploit others for ___ while believing in their ___.
personal gain, superiority
Close observation of a borderline personality disordered patient ensures ___ and timely ___.
safety, intervention
People with Dependent Personality Disorder have difficulty making ___ or being ___; they are reliant on others for ___.
decisions, alone, direction
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is characterized by preoccupation with ___, ___, and ___.
orderliness, perfectionism, control
Predisposing factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder include genetic predisposition and upbringing in ___, ___ environments.
rigid, authoritarian
The nurse should encourage physical activities such as ___ or ___ to release tension and redirect violent behavior.
walking, jogging
Encouraging the expression of ___ appropriately can reduce incidents of violence.
anger
Maintaining a therapeutic ___ ensures a structured and secure environment that can aid in modifying behavior.
milieu
Prioritize the safety of the ___, ___, and others in crisis situations.
patient, staff
Splitting: Inability to integrate ___ and ___ aspects of people or situations, leading to extremes of idealization or devaluation.
positive, negative
Temperamental traits such as ___ and ___, combined with environmental stressors, increase the risk of BPD development.
impulsive aggression, negative affectivity
Persistent feelings of ___ and lack of ___ lead to dependence on others for reassurance and validation.
inadequacy, self-worth
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are ___, ___, and ___.
argumentative, cruel, malicious
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder disregard ___ for themselves and others.
safety
People with antisocial personality disorder believe in a self-centered philosophy, '___ for themselves.'
everyone
A predisposing factor for Schizoid Personality Disorder is an ___ temperament that is ___.
introverted, heritable
Under stress, individuals with Schizotypal Personality Disorder may experience transient ___ episodes.
psychotic
Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder often experience chronic feelings of ___, impulsivity, and ___ tendencies.
emptiness, self-harm
Childhood ___, especially abuse and ___, can lead to emotional instability in Borderline Personality Disorder.
trauma, neglect
Failure to resolve early ___ leads to emotional fixation, contributing to ___ behaviors and ___ instability.
separation anxiety, self-destructive, relationship
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a general disregard for the ___ of others.
rights
People with antisocial personality disorder are ___, ___, seek ___, and are easily ___.
impulsive, restless, thrills, bored
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder do not accept ___ for the consequences of their behavior.
responsibility
Emotional ___ and lack of ___ in childhood can lead to isolation in Schizoid Personality Disorder.
coldness, nurturing
A strong genetic link to ___ is a predisposing factor for Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
schizophrenia
Early signs of Antisocial Personality Disorder include ___ disorder in childhood and experiences of ___.
conduct, trauma
Emotionally, individuals with antisocial personality disorder have a low tolerance for ___ and are easily provoked to ___.
frustration, anger
People with antisocial personality disorder view themselves as ___ and rationalize hurtful actions as ___.
victims, self-defense
Schizoid Personality Disorder is characterized by a lack of desire for ___ relationships and investing energy in ___ pursuits.
close, intellectual
People with Schizotypal Personality Disorder are often ___ and socially ___, which can alienate others.
isolated, awkward
People with Antisocial Personality Disorder are often involved in ___ activity and lack long-term ___ or relationships.
criminal, employment
Individuals with Schizoid Personality Disorder often show ___ from social relationships and prefer ___.
detachment, solitude
Individuals with Schizotypal Personality Disorder may have ideas of ___, superstitions, and belief in ___ or clairvoyance.
reference, telepathy
Antisocial Personality Disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' ___, lack of ___, and impulsivity.
rights, remorse
Borderline Personality Disorder is marked by intense, unstable ___ and emotional ___.
relationships, dysregulation
An extreme fear of ___ often leads to erratic behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder.
abandonment
Individuals with Histrionic Personality Disorder often display shallow ___ and an exaggerated sense of ___.
emotions, self-importance