What is the definition of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?
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Massive area of coagulative necrosis of myocardium due to complete cut of arterial blood supply.
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What is the definition of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?
Massive area of coagulative necrosis of myocardium due to complete cut of arterial blood supply.
What causes myocardial infarction?
When the severity or duration of ischemia is enough to cause cardiac muscle death.
What is a complication of angina pectoris that involves irregular heartbeats?
Ventricular fibrillation.
What is stable angina?
Transient chest pain evoked by exercise or emotional stress, caused by fixed stenotic narrowing.
What are some risk factors for Ischemic Heart Disease?
Hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and genetic hypercholesterolemia.
What is the immediate change observed in ischemic heart disease (IHD)?
No apparent changes.
What serious condition can result from angina pectoris and involves damage to heart muscle?
Myocardial infarct.
What triggers unstable angina?
Severe pain precipitated by less effort, caused by disruption of the atherosclerotic plaque, with superimposed thrombosis, embolization, or spasm.
What is angina pectoris?
Transient chest discomfort (pain) lasting from 15 seconds to 15 minutes.
What is chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD)?
Progressive heart failure resulting from ischemic myocardial damage.
What color change occurs in myocardial infarction (NE) by 12 to 72 hours?
Pale to yellow.
What is a potential outcome of angina pectoris that affects the heart's ability to pump blood?
Heart failure.
What characterizes Prinzmetal (vasospastic) angina?
Occurs at rest due to coronary spasm.
What are common symptoms of angina pectoris?
Recurrent chest discomfort that can radiate down the left arm or to the left jaw.
What is another term for chronic ischemic heart disease?
Ischemic cardiomyopathy.
What is ischemic heart disease (IHD)?
A group of closely related syndromes resulting from myocardial ischemia.
What is ischemic heart disease (IHD)?
A condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
What is the time frame for hyperemic changes in myocardial infarction?
3 to 7 days.
What changes are observed in myocardial infarction (ME) by 12 to 72 hours?
Coagulative necrosis and inflammatory cells.
What qualities can angina pectoris pain have?
Constricting, squeezing, choking, or knifelike.
What causes myocardial ischemia in ischemic heart disease?
An imbalance between the supply (perfusion) and demand of the heart for oxygenated blood.
What often precedes chronic ischemic heart disease?
Prior myocardial infarction (MI) and sometimes previous coronary arterial bypass graft surgery or other interventions.
What is a transmural infarction?
An infarction involving the whole thickness of the heart.
What type of tissue is formed in the late stage of myocardial infarction?
White scar.
What is Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?
A condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often due to coronary artery disease.
What causes angina pectoris?
Transient myocardial ischemia due to inadequate perfusion, lasting from seconds to minutes.
What is the most common cause of ischemic heart disease?
Complicated coronary artery atherosclerosis, often accompanied by thrombosis.
What characterizes a circumferential subendocardial infarction?
It involves the sub-endocardium of the left and less commonly right ventricles, affecting the inner 1/3 to 1/2 of the myocardium.
What is observed in the myocardium by 3 to 7 days post-myocardial infarction?
Granulation tissue.
What are clinical variants of Ischemic Heart Disease?
Different presentations of IHD, including stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction.
Is there any death of heart tissue in angina pectoris?
No, there is no death of heart tissue in angina pectoris.
What is vasospasm in the context of ischemic heart disease?
Constriction of the blood vessels.
What causes circumferential subendocardial infarction?
Hypo-perfusion.
What occurs in the late stage of myocardial infarction?
Fibrosis.
What is angina pectoris?
A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, often described as pressure or squeezing.
What is the most common cause of death in the first few hours following a myocardial infarction?
Arrhythmia.
What role does vasculitis play in ischemic heart disease?
It is one of the causes of myocardial ischemia.
Which ventricle is mainly affected by ischemic heart disease (IHD)?
The left ventricle.
What is multifocal microinfarction?
Infarction due to small vessel microembolization, vasculitis, or vascular spasm.
What is myocardial infarction?
A medical emergency where blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing tissue damage.
What is myocardial (pump) failure?
A complication of myocardial infarction where the heart cannot pump effectively.
What is the most common site of myocardial infarction?
Anterior descending artery of the left coronary (40%).
What is sudden cardiac death?
An unexpected death caused by loss of heart function, often due to arrhythmias or myocardial infarction.
When does myocardial rupture typically occur after an infarction?
Within 4 to 7 days.
What areas are affected by an infarct in the anterior descending artery?
Anterior wall of the left ventricle, anterior wall of the right ventricle, anterior part of the interventricular septum, and apex.
What is chronic ischemic heart disease with heart failure?
A long-term condition where the heart is unable to pump effectively due to chronic ischemia.
What causes myocardial rupture after an infarction?
Neutrophilic liquefactive enzymes.
What is the second most common site of myocardial infarction?
Right coronary artery (40%).
What is a myocardial aneurysm?
A complication where a weakened area of the heart wall bulges and may contain thrombosis.
What areas are affected by an infarct in the right coronary artery?
Posterior wall of the left ventricle, posterior wall of the right ventricle, and posterior part of the interventricular septum.
What complications can arise from prolonged confinement to bed after a myocardial infarction?
Leg thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
What is the third site of myocardial infarction?
Circumflex branch of the left coronary.
What is chronic heart failure?
A long-term complication that can develop after a myocardial infarction.
What area is affected by an infarct in the circumflex branch of the left coronary?
Lateral wall of the left ventricle.
